This study aimed at developing a sustainable integrative framework for biodiversity conservation and pastoralists’ resilience to impacts of climate change (SIBCPRF) The SIBCPRF was developed after assessing the impacts with a high rate on the pastoralists in northern Tanzania rangelands. The study used different approaches and methods for data collection: exploration of secondary information, observation, household survey, structured interview and focus group discussion. The sample included 312 respondents. The study revealed that climate change has impacted the biodiversity and pastoralists’ livelihoods in many ways like shortage of water, death of livestock, the rise of conflicts, and migration. In turn, the study discovered that the pastoralists have been adapting and resilient to the impact of climate change by adopting various strategies like control of animal reproduction, use of by-laws, use of ingaron system (enclosure of a place for some time), and migration from one place to another with livestock for the search of pasture and water. However, the strategy seems to have shortcomings such as to cause of conflict with neighbours, farmers, separation of families, and death of livestock due to a long walk distance. The study concludes that it is important for the pastoralists’ communities to resilient and adapt to impacts of climate change so as to conserve the biodiversity and for their well-being. This can only be done if there is a clear tool guiding them on how to sustainably resilient and adapt. It is from this perspective the SIBCPRF was developed to properly address the highest-rated impacts of climate change during dry seasons. The SIBCPRF to climate change developed considered Ecosystem-based Approach (EbA), Impact Specific Approach (ISA), and the Enclosure System (ES). The formulation of SIBCPRF assumes that it is the role of each community to address climate change risks by implementing the appropriate strategies and plans provided to them (pastoralists).
{"title":"Sustainable Integrative Framework for Biodiversity Conservation and Pastoralists’ Resilience to Impact of Climate Change in Northern Tanzania Rangelands","authors":"Laurent Joseph","doi":"10.37284/eajis.5.1.597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.5.1.597","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at developing a sustainable integrative framework for biodiversity conservation and pastoralists’ resilience to impacts of climate change (SIBCPRF) The SIBCPRF was developed after assessing the impacts with a high rate on the pastoralists in northern Tanzania rangelands. The study used different approaches and methods for data collection: exploration of secondary information, observation, household survey, structured interview and focus group discussion. The sample included 312 respondents. The study revealed that climate change has impacted the biodiversity and pastoralists’ livelihoods in many ways like shortage of water, death of livestock, the rise of conflicts, and migration. In turn, the study discovered that the pastoralists have been adapting and resilient to the impact of climate change by adopting various strategies like control of animal reproduction, use of by-laws, use of ingaron system (enclosure of a place for some time), and migration from one place to another with livestock for the search of pasture and water. However, the strategy seems to have shortcomings such as to cause of conflict with neighbours, farmers, separation of families, and death of livestock due to a long walk distance. The study concludes that it is important for the pastoralists’ communities to resilient and adapt to impacts of climate change so as to conserve the biodiversity and for their well-being. This can only be done if there is a clear tool guiding them on how to sustainably resilient and adapt. It is from this perspective the SIBCPRF was developed to properly address the highest-rated impacts of climate change during dry seasons. The SIBCPRF to climate change developed considered Ecosystem-based Approach (EbA), Impact Specific Approach (ISA), and the Enclosure System (ES). The formulation of SIBCPRF assumes that it is the role of each community to address climate change risks by implementing the appropriate strategies and plans provided to them (pastoralists).","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125161265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper deals with physical resource management and maintenance culture in Nigerian universities. Physical resource is the resource that can be seen (tangible). Resource management is the proper utilization and management of resources such that they are adequate and efficient for the needs of individuals in an organization. The importance of resource management in universities is to see whether the human resource is over or under-allocated in a particular faculty in the university to avoid wastage. Maintenance culture refers to the measures taken so that materials and resources are maintained properly. Universities refer to institutions of higher learning whereby an individual seeks to further his education after the secondary school level. The absence/ poor maintenance of physical resources in Nigerian universities would undoubtedly lead to a decline in the productivity of the university. This paper is to provide a means of efficient management and maintenance of physical resource in Nigerian universities. The objective of this paper is to proffer solutions to the challenges of effective management and maintenance of physical resources in Nigerian universities. The challenges facing the effective management and maintenance of physical resources in Nigerian universities were provided in this paper to include inadequate funding, inadequate facilities, and misuse of university facilities, amongst others. A conclusion was made and a way forward for the challenges facing the efficient management and maintenance of physical resource in Nigerian universities were provided. This includes the provision of adequate funds, punishment of greedy administrators that covert funds, provision of adequate modern facilities, proper maintenance of physical resource from time to time, amongst others.
{"title":"Physical Resource Management and Maintenance Culture in Nigerian Universities","authors":"Stella Ofor-Douglas","doi":"10.37284/eajis.5.1.566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.5.1.566","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with physical resource management and maintenance culture in Nigerian universities. Physical resource is the resource that can be seen (tangible). Resource management is the proper utilization and management of resources such that they are adequate and efficient for the needs of individuals in an organization. The importance of resource management in universities is to see whether the human resource is over or under-allocated in a particular faculty in the university to avoid wastage. Maintenance culture refers to the measures taken so that materials and resources are maintained properly. Universities refer to institutions of higher learning whereby an individual seeks to further his education after the secondary school level. The absence/ poor maintenance of physical resources in Nigerian universities would undoubtedly lead to a decline in the productivity of the university. This paper is to provide a means of efficient management and maintenance of physical resource in Nigerian universities. The objective of this paper is to proffer solutions to the challenges of effective management and maintenance of physical resources in Nigerian universities. The challenges facing the effective management and maintenance of physical resources in Nigerian universities were provided in this paper to include inadequate funding, inadequate facilities, and misuse of university facilities, amongst others. A conclusion was made and a way forward for the challenges facing the efficient management and maintenance of physical resource in Nigerian universities were provided. This includes the provision of adequate funds, punishment of greedy administrators that covert funds, provision of adequate modern facilities, proper maintenance of physical resource from time to time, amongst others. ","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132749220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The performance of upgraded extra county schools to national status in Kenya continues to attract key stakeholders when the time the KCSE results are being announced. This is because despite their upgrading, the performance of these upgraded new schools continues to worry stakeholders. This paper investigates how the planning for instructional resources influences academic performance. A descriptive survey research design was used with the target population consisting of 8 principals and 295 teachers from 8 upgraded extra county schools to national status in Western Kenya. A sample of 170 teachers was selected through simple random technique to be involved in the study. The instruments used to collect data consisted of questionnaire and interview schedule. Data analysis has been performed using quantitative and qualitative forms. Quantitative analysis of data has been facilitated by use of descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS Version 25.0). The study found that aside many instructional materials required in schools, only text-books for students were supplied in adequate quantity. However, learning resources for teachers (including reference books) were not adequately provided to these schools. In line with the government agenda of promoting ICT knowledge, the study discovered that ICT resources like computers were not adequately provided after the Extra County Schools in the region were upgraded to national status in Western Kenya. Correlation statistics showed that there existed no significant relationship (p>0.05) between instructional material planning dynamics and performance of Extra County Schools after they were upgraded in Western Kenya. The paper recommends that there is need for schools to consider adoption of new instructional media in teaching and learning.
在宣布KCSE结果时，肯尼亚额外县学校升级为国家学校的表现继续吸引主要利益相关者。这是因为，尽管这些升级后的新学校进行了升级，但它们的表现仍让利益相关者感到担忧。本文探讨了教学资源规划对学生学习成绩的影响。采用描述性调查研究设计，目标人群包括8名校长和295名教师，他们来自肯尼亚西部8所升级为国家级的额外县学校。采用简单随机抽样的方法，选取170名教师参与本研究。收集数据的工具包括问卷调查和访谈表。数据分析采用定量和定性的形式进行。在统计产品和服务解决方案(SPSS Version 25.0)的帮助下，通过使用描述性和推断性统计，促进了数据的定量分析。研究发现，除了学校需要的许多教学材料外，只有学生的课本供应充足。然而，这些学校没有为教师提供足够的学习资源(包括参考书)。与政府推广ICT知识的议程一致，该研究发现，在肯尼亚西部地区的Extra County学校升级为国家学校后，计算机等ICT资源并未得到充分提供。相关统计显示，肯尼亚西部Extra County学校升级后的教材规划动态与绩效之间不存在显著关系(p>0.05)。本文建议学校有必要考虑在教学和学习中采用新的教学媒体。
{"title":"Instructional Material Provision and Performance of Upgraded National Schools in Western Kenya","authors":"Violet Wekesa, K. Kitainge","doi":"10.37284/eajis.5.1.565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.5.1.565","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of upgraded extra county schools to national status in Kenya continues to attract key stakeholders when the time the KCSE results are being announced. This is because despite their upgrading, the performance of these upgraded new schools continues to worry stakeholders. This paper investigates how the planning for instructional resources influences academic performance. A descriptive survey research design was used with the target population consisting of 8 principals and 295 teachers from 8 upgraded extra county schools to national status in Western Kenya. A sample of 170 teachers was selected through simple random technique to be involved in the study. The instruments used to collect data consisted of questionnaire and interview schedule. Data analysis has been performed using quantitative and qualitative forms. Quantitative analysis of data has been facilitated by use of descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS Version 25.0). The study found that aside many instructional materials required in schools, only text-books for students were supplied in adequate quantity. However, learning resources for teachers (including reference books) were not adequately provided to these schools. In line with the government agenda of promoting ICT knowledge, the study discovered that ICT resources like computers were not adequately provided after the Extra County Schools in the region were upgraded to national status in Western Kenya. Correlation statistics showed that there existed no significant relationship (p>0.05) between instructional material planning dynamics and performance of Extra County Schools after they were upgraded in Western Kenya. The paper recommends that there is need for schools to consider adoption of new instructional media in teaching and learning.","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128394150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The academic performance of the most private and public secondary schools in Kenya has indicated rapid decline, which has hindered the learning institutions from achieving their set goals. The deteriorated performance may be attributed to several factors, such as insufficient resources. One vital mechanism to be employed by the schools in achieving good performance is the effective utilization of institutional resources. However, there is limited literature on to what extent institutional resources availability can improve the performance of secondary schools. On this note, the paper sought to examine the relationship between institutional resources availability and academic performance of Catholic-sponsored secondary schools in Kericho Diocese, Kenya. The study was anchored on resource-based theory. A correlational research design was employed, and the target population was comprised of 789 graduate teachers. Stratified random sampling was also used to determine a sample size of 266 respondents. Primary data was obtained by use of a structured questionnaire. Quantitative data were analysed using correlation and regression analysis and presented using frequency tables. The findings from the study revealed a statistically significant relationship between institutional resources availability and academic performance of Catholic-sponsored secondary schools (R = 0.659; β = 0.223; p < 0.05). The study results indicated that institutional resources availability influenced Catholic-sponsored secondary schools’ performance by 67.2% (R2 = 0.672). Therefore, the study recommends that secondary schools effectively utilize institution resources to implement the strategic plan, which will improve their performance.
{"title":"Relationship between Availability of Institutional Resources and Academic Performance of Catholic-sponsored Secondary Schools in Kericho Diocese, Kenya","authors":"Stephen Nyamwaya Obwoge, H. Sang, L. Langat","doi":"10.37284/eajis.5.1.559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.5.1.559","url":null,"abstract":"The academic performance of the most private and public secondary schools in Kenya has indicated rapid decline, which has hindered the learning institutions from achieving their set goals. The deteriorated performance may be attributed to several factors, such as insufficient resources. One vital mechanism to be employed by the schools in achieving good performance is the effective utilization of institutional resources. However, there is limited literature on to what extent institutional resources availability can improve the performance of secondary schools. On this note, the paper sought to examine the relationship between institutional resources availability and academic performance of Catholic-sponsored secondary schools in Kericho Diocese, Kenya. The study was anchored on resource-based theory. A correlational research design was employed, and the target population was comprised of 789 graduate teachers. Stratified random sampling was also used to determine a sample size of 266 respondents. Primary data was obtained by use of a structured questionnaire. Quantitative data were analysed using correlation and regression analysis and presented using frequency tables. The findings from the study revealed a statistically significant relationship between institutional resources availability and academic performance of Catholic-sponsored secondary schools (R = 0.659; β = 0.223; p < 0.05). The study results indicated that institutional resources availability influenced Catholic-sponsored secondary schools’ performance by 67.2% (R2 = 0.672). Therefore, the study recommends that secondary schools effectively utilize institution resources to implement the strategic plan, which will improve their performance.","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131906264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the increasing role of women in violence and terrorist-related activities across the globe, stereotypes depicting violence and terrorism as a male sphere continue to shape and, in some cases, prevent the authentic presentation of women terrorists and violent actors. Essentially, war and violence are attributed to men and masculine traits. Accordingly, women are mainly presented as intrinsically vulnerable, coerced actors, or violence victims in violence and terrorism. The media plays an essential role in disseminating information about terrorism and violence to the public. However, it does not operate in a vacuum, and thus, reportage of violence and terrorism at times reflects the prevailing cultural gender stereotypes of war and violence. This paper explores how the media present women terrorists and violent actors in Kenya. It also explores how this presentation impacts security initiatives and counter-terrorism strategies in the country. The paper uses accessible evidence from media reports on various female terrorists, terrorist attacks, and security operations to examine these aspects. It argues that the media labels women terrorists as vulnerable and focuses on their age, physical outlook, and statuses rather than the violent act perpetrated. Such presentation paints an image of irrational, naïve, coerced female terrorists and victims of violence. Accordingly, the paper recommends that the media-mediated images must not influence the implementation of anti-terror and violence policies since they do not necessarily reflect the reality on the ground.
{"title":"Women Terrorists and Violent Actors in the Lens of the Media in Kenya: 1980-2019","authors":"Catheline Bosibori Nyabwengi","doi":"10.37284/eajis.5.1.540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.5.1.540","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the increasing role of women in violence and terrorist-related activities across the globe, stereotypes depicting violence and terrorism as a male sphere continue to shape and, in some cases, prevent the authentic presentation of women terrorists and violent actors. Essentially, war and violence are attributed to men and masculine traits. Accordingly, women are mainly presented as intrinsically vulnerable, coerced actors, or violence victims in violence and terrorism. The media plays an essential role in disseminating information about terrorism and violence to the public. However, it does not operate in a vacuum, and thus, reportage of violence and terrorism at times reflects the prevailing cultural gender stereotypes of war and violence. This paper explores how the media present women terrorists and violent actors in Kenya. It also explores how this presentation impacts security initiatives and counter-terrorism strategies in the country. The paper uses accessible evidence from media reports on various female terrorists, terrorist attacks, and security operations to examine these aspects. It argues that the media labels women terrorists as vulnerable and focuses on their age, physical outlook, and statuses rather than the violent act perpetrated. Such presentation paints an image of irrational, naïve, coerced female terrorists and victims of violence. Accordingly, the paper recommends that the media-mediated images must not influence the implementation of anti-terror and violence policies since they do not necessarily reflect the reality on the ground.","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116589046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite increases in computer access and technology training, ICT is not adequately being used to support instruction in teacher education institutions. Unless teachers improve their ability to use existing technology, they will encounter various difficulties. One of the most notable of these difficulties is that they cannot respond to the expectations of their students. Research has shown that the self-confidence of teachers affects their use of technology in instruction. The study assessed the confidence of tutors in primary teacher training colleges regarding the integration of ICT in the teaching and learning practice in Kenya. There are a number of ICT projects that are equipping Kenyan institutions of learning with computers and establishing internet connectivity. But the body of literature on studies among tutors is so scanty, leaving a noticeable gap in the literature about tutors’ level of ICT integration in instruction. The study sought to establish the relationship between tutor confidence and their level of ICT integration teacher training colleges in Kenya. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate tutors’ confidence in the use of ICT in teaching. The simple random sampling technique was used to select six teacher training colleges in Kenya and 169 respondents who participated in the study. Data was collected using a questionnaire and an interview schedule. The data collected was analysed descriptively for frequencies, means, standard deviation, and percentages. The significance of relationships and differences of variables were tested using Pearson moment Correlation and Regression analysis. Results indicated that there is a low level of ICT integration in teaching in all teacher training colleges. A significant relationship was found between the tutor's confidence and their level of ICT integration in teaching (β3= 0.535, p<0.05). It was thus recommended that: College tutors should be given adequate exposure for them to be able to utilize ICT facilities in their classrooms. Colleges should also computerize most activities by buying computerized software within departments. This will compel most tutors to acquire the requisite skills. The ministry of education should also embrace ICT and demand professional documents from college tutors be typed and sent online.
{"title":"Relationship between Tutor Confidence and ICT Integration in Primary Teacher Training Colleges in Kenya","authors":"B. Chemwei","doi":"10.37284/eajis.5.1.524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.5.1.524","url":null,"abstract":"Despite increases in computer access and technology training, ICT is not adequately being used to support instruction in teacher education institutions. Unless teachers improve their ability to use existing technology, they will encounter various difficulties. One of the most notable of these difficulties is that they cannot respond to the expectations of their students. Research has shown that the self-confidence of teachers affects their use of technology in instruction. The study assessed the confidence of tutors in primary teacher training colleges regarding the integration of ICT in the teaching and learning practice in Kenya. There are a number of ICT projects that are equipping Kenyan institutions of learning with computers and establishing internet connectivity. But the body of literature on studies among tutors is so scanty, leaving a noticeable gap in the literature about tutors’ level of ICT integration in instruction. The study sought to establish the relationship between tutor confidence and their level of ICT integration teacher training colleges in Kenya. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate tutors’ confidence in the use of ICT in teaching. The simple random sampling technique was used to select six teacher training colleges in Kenya and 169 respondents who participated in the study. Data was collected using a questionnaire and an interview schedule. The data collected was analysed descriptively for frequencies, means, standard deviation, and percentages. The significance of relationships and differences of variables were tested using Pearson moment Correlation and Regression analysis. Results indicated that there is a low level of ICT integration in teaching in all teacher training colleges. A significant relationship was found between the tutor's confidence and their level of ICT integration in teaching (β3= 0.535, p<0.05). It was thus recommended that: College tutors should be given adequate exposure for them to be able to utilize ICT facilities in their classrooms. Colleges should also computerize most activities by buying computerized software within departments. This will compel most tutors to acquire the requisite skills. The ministry of education should also embrace ICT and demand professional documents from college tutors be typed and sent online.","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115132435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Waata community is among the indigenous Kenyan communities whose social, political, and economic organization has not been adequately studied. The objective of the study was to examine the impact of colonial policies on the history of the Waata people of Kilifi County in the period 1895-1963. The study was guided by the cultural interaction and identity formation theory. The study was conducted using the descriptive research design which offered a chronology of events as they unfolded over time. A qualitative approach was significant because it allowed an in-depth collection of data to ascertain the attitudes, feelings, and opinions concerning the theme under study. The study site was Kilifi County. The study targeted both males and females above 18 years within Kilifi County who were knowledgeable about the existence of the Waata people. Purposive and snowballing sampling techniques were used to select the sample for the study. One hundred and twenty-two participants were interviewed. The study used both primary and secondary data. Primary data was derived from the one-on-one interaction with participants using interview schedules and Key Informant Interviews, oral interviews, and focus group discussions. Question guides and questionnaires with open-ended responses were also used. Secondary data was obtained from critical analysis of books, articles, papers, thesis, and dissertations. Additionally, archival sources, particularly colonial documents, annual reports, correspondents, letters, diaries, and political record books related to the area under study were consulted. The findings of the study revealed that colonial policies impacted significantly on the history of the Waata forcing them to adapt to different lifestyles in order to survive cultural extinction. This adaptation was informed by the colonial labelling of traditional hunting communities like the Waata as poachers and the progressive government efforts to stop them from their traditional source of livelihood as well as their eviction from their indigenous habitats and creation of National Parks.
{"title":"The Impact of Colonial Policies on the Waata People of Kilifi County, Kenya, 1895-1963","authors":"Cyprian Kioko Wambua, P. Wekesa, S. Mwangi","doi":"10.37284/eajis.4.1.508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.4.1.508","url":null,"abstract":"The Waata community is among the indigenous Kenyan communities whose social, political, and economic organization has not been adequately studied. The objective of the study was to examine the impact of colonial policies on the history of the Waata people of Kilifi County in the period 1895-1963. The study was guided by the cultural interaction and identity formation theory. The study was conducted using the descriptive research design which offered a chronology of events as they unfolded over time. A qualitative approach was significant because it allowed an in-depth collection of data to ascertain the attitudes, feelings, and opinions concerning the theme under study. The study site was Kilifi County. The study targeted both males and females above 18 years within Kilifi County who were knowledgeable about the existence of the Waata people. Purposive and snowballing sampling techniques were used to select the sample for the study. One hundred and twenty-two participants were interviewed. The study used both primary and secondary data. Primary data was derived from the one-on-one interaction with participants using interview schedules and Key Informant Interviews, oral interviews, and focus group discussions. Question guides and questionnaires with open-ended responses were also used. Secondary data was obtained from critical analysis of books, articles, papers, thesis, and dissertations. Additionally, archival sources, particularly colonial documents, annual reports, correspondents, letters, diaries, and political record books related to the area under study were consulted. The findings of the study revealed that colonial policies impacted significantly on the history of the Waata forcing them to adapt to different lifestyles in order to survive cultural extinction. This adaptation was informed by the colonial labelling of traditional hunting communities like the Waata as poachers and the progressive government efforts to stop them from their traditional source of livelihood as well as their eviction from their indigenous habitats and creation of National Parks.","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114440627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of the study was to establish the influence of utilisation of project budget as a monitoring and evaluation tool and sustainability of community agricultural projects supported by Caritas in Meru County, Kenya. A pragmatic research paradigm was adopted and a descriptive survey research design was utilised. A pragmatic research paradigm was adopted and a descriptive survey research design was utilised. The target population was 59 smallholder farmer groups and 24 Caritas Meru staff. The sample size was 51 smallholder farmer groups and the total sample size was 177 respondents. The data collection tools were questionnaires and interview guides. The collected data were coded and entered into the SPSS version 26 program for analysis. The qualitative data was analysed by way of grouping similar responses together and identifying the main themes from them. The linear regression and Pearson’s correlation (r) methods were utilised to evaluate the link between various variables. The multiple linear regression models determined the link between dependent and independent variables together with the moderating effect of the moderating variable. It is also used as the inferential statistics that inform the decision to reject or not reject the alternative hypothesis for the research study. The study found out that an increase in the utilisation of project budgets leads to an increase in the sustainability of the community agricultural project by Caritas in Meru County and vice versa. The study concludes that there is a significant relationship between utilisation of project budget as monitoring & evaluation and sustainability of community agriculture projects. The study recommends that to ensure the sustainability of community-based agricultural projects, the organisation should train farmers’ group leaders on leadership and management skills. The organisation should train farmers on best farming practices, record keeping and conflict management practices to avoid the collapse of groups.
这项研究的目的是确定利用项目预算作为监测和评估工具的影响，以及肯尼亚梅鲁县明爱支助的社区农业项目的可持续性。采用实用主义研究范式，采用描述性调查研究设计。采用实用主义研究范式，采用描述性调查研究设计。目标人群是59个小农团体和24名明爱Meru员工。样本量为51个小农群体，总样本量为177人。数据收集工具为问卷调查和访谈指南。将收集到的数据进行编码并输入SPSS version 26程序进行分析。定性数据是通过将类似的回答分组在一起并从中确定主要主题的方式进行分析的。采用线性回归和Pearson相关(r)方法评估各变量之间的联系。多元线性回归模型确定了因变量与自变量之间的联系以及调节变量的调节作用。它也被用作推理统计，告知决定拒绝或不拒绝研究的替代假设。研究发现，项目预算的使用增加导致明爱在梅鲁县的社区农业项目的可持续性增加，反之亦然。研究得出结论:项目预算的监测与评价与社区农业项目的可持续性之间存在显著的关系。该研究建议，为了确保以社区为基础的农业项目的可持续性，该组织应该培训农民小组领导人的领导和管理技能。该组织应该对农民进行最佳农业实践、记录保存和冲突管理实践方面的培训，以避免群体崩溃。
{"title":"Utilisation of Budget as a Monitoring and Evaluation Tool and Sustainability of Community Agricultural Projects Supported by Caritas in Meru County, Kenya","authors":"Julius Kaburu Agostino, D. Kyalo, A. Mulwa","doi":"10.37284/eajis.4.1.481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.4.1.481","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study was to establish the influence of utilisation of project budget as a monitoring and evaluation tool and sustainability of community agricultural projects supported by Caritas in Meru County, Kenya. A pragmatic research paradigm was adopted and a descriptive survey research design was utilised. A pragmatic research paradigm was adopted and a descriptive survey research design was utilised. The target population was 59 smallholder farmer groups and 24 Caritas Meru staff. The sample size was 51 smallholder farmer groups and the total sample size was 177 respondents. The data collection tools were questionnaires and interview guides. The collected data were coded and entered into the SPSS version 26 program for analysis. The qualitative data was analysed by way of grouping similar responses together and identifying the main themes from them. The linear regression and Pearson’s correlation (r) methods were utilised to evaluate the link between various variables. The multiple linear regression models determined the link between dependent and independent variables together with the moderating effect of the moderating variable. It is also used as the inferential statistics that inform the decision to reject or not reject the alternative hypothesis for the research study. The study found out that an increase in the utilisation of project budgets leads to an increase in the sustainability of the community agricultural project by Caritas in Meru County and vice versa. The study concludes that there is a significant relationship between utilisation of project budget as monitoring & evaluation and sustainability of community agriculture projects. The study recommends that to ensure the sustainability of community-based agricultural projects, the organisation should train farmers’ group leaders on leadership and management skills. The organisation should train farmers on best farming practices, record keeping and conflict management practices to avoid the collapse of groups.","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130909087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It has always been believed by the majority that elected leaders are a necessary component in the development of any country and more so in the developing world. This is so strong in that leaders are elected by their people through a competitive election because they believe they will influence economic development positively. Writers of literature are born and bred in the communities where they equally participate in the process of electing their leaders. Thus, when they write about the maxima or minimal roles played by these leaders in impacting economic development, they are believed to portray a true and to some extent a believable picture of the state of development in their respective communities. In this respect, this paper analyses the role played by the elected leaders in the realization of economic development in the third world as portrayed in selected Swahili literary texts. To achieve our main objective, the paper surveys the challenges of the third world and shows how the elected leaders tackle them to realize economic success. The paper concludes that elected leaders have downplayed their role in enhancing economic development and the result is underdevelopment experienced in the third world worse than that of the colonial leaders
{"title":"Role of Character-Leaders in Development as Depicted in Swahili Literary Texts","authors":"Oiko Fridah Gesare, Martha Nyangweso Syekei","doi":"10.37284/eajis.4.1.477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.4.1.477","url":null,"abstract":"It has always been believed by the majority that elected leaders are a necessary component in the development of any country and more so in the developing world. This is so strong in that leaders are elected by their people through a competitive election because they believe they will influence economic development positively. Writers of literature are born and bred in the communities where they equally participate in the process of electing their leaders. Thus, when they write about the maxima or minimal roles played by these leaders in impacting economic development, they are believed to portray a true and to some extent a believable picture of the state of development in their respective communities. In this respect, this paper analyses the role played by the elected leaders in the realization of economic development in the third world as portrayed in selected Swahili literary texts. To achieve our main objective, the paper surveys the challenges of the third world and shows how the elected leaders tackle them to realize economic success. The paper concludes that elected leaders have downplayed their role in enhancing economic development and the result is underdevelopment experienced in the third world worse than that of the colonial leaders","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124264973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Family leadership is one of the vital aspects that influences and determines both the wellbeing and successful education of a girl-child. Unfortunately, the role of family leadership in ensuring girls' education is oversimplified into getting girls enrolled in school rather than warranting their perseverance in learning and successful completion. As a result, many communities in Tanzania, especially those in rural and marginalized areas are experiencing persistent girl–child school dropouts. It is against this standpoint that we sought to find out how family leadership may influence secondary school girls’ dropouts. We also explored possible measures which should be employed to eliminate girl-child school dropouts. In conducting this study, we employed a mixed research approach and convergent parallel design. We collected data through interviews and questionnaires involving 143 respondents including girl students, teachers, heads of schools, and district educational officers. Our findings from this study indicate that while the government of Tanzania has made remarkable efforts to ensure girls’ continuity and successful completion of secondary education, there are a number of factors hindering girls’ continuity and completion of secondary education. Weak family leadership, the improper raising of the children, less emphasis and interest on the importance of girls’ education, limited cooperation between family leadership were among the reason for continuous girl-child school dropout. Hence, based on our findings and the significance of girl’s education as well as the role which parents should play in ensuring girls achievement of education, we appeal to various educational leaders, to make strategic efforts in raising more awareness among rural and marginalized communities about the importance of educating girls and the role of family leadership in bringing to an end the phenomena of girl-child school dropout which is catastrophic to the long-awaited sustainable development. Moreover, we call upon all parents, to make intentional efforts in mentoring and influencing girls to strive towards achieving formal education
{"title":"The Influence of Family Leadership on Girl- Child School Dropout","authors":"Mary Wambui Kamau, Simon Nyakwara","doi":"10.37284/eajis.4.1.454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.4.1.454","url":null,"abstract":"Family leadership is one of the vital aspects that influences and determines both the wellbeing and successful education of a girl-child. Unfortunately, the role of family leadership in ensuring girls' education is oversimplified into getting girls enrolled in school rather than warranting their perseverance in learning and successful completion. As a result, many communities in Tanzania, especially those in rural and marginalized areas are experiencing persistent girl–child school dropouts. It is against this standpoint that we sought to find out how family leadership may influence secondary school girls’ dropouts. We also explored possible measures which should be employed to eliminate girl-child school dropouts. In conducting this study, we employed a mixed research approach and convergent parallel design. We collected data through interviews and questionnaires involving 143 respondents including girl students, teachers, heads of schools, and district educational officers. Our findings from this study indicate that while the government of Tanzania has made remarkable efforts to ensure girls’ continuity and successful completion of secondary education, there are a number of factors hindering girls’ continuity and completion of secondary education. Weak family leadership, the improper raising of the children, less emphasis and interest on the importance of girls’ education, limited cooperation between family leadership were among the reason for continuous girl-child school dropout. Hence, based on our findings and the significance of girl’s education as well as the role which parents should play in ensuring girls achievement of education, we appeal to various educational leaders, to make strategic efforts in raising more awareness among rural and marginalized communities about the importance of educating girls and the role of family leadership in bringing to an end the phenomena of girl-child school dropout which is catastrophic to the long-awaited sustainable development. Moreover, we call upon all parents, to make intentional efforts in mentoring and influencing girls to strive towards achieving formal education","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115177954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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