The role of higher education in producing graduates who can transform the nation cannot be overemphasised. As such, one must look for ways to ensure that the higher education received is of good quality and of an enviable standard. One of the means to ensure this is to look within the university administration for organisational effectiveness. The onus then lies on those at the centre of making important decisions for the university to do so using good techniques with the aim of creating the best environment for imparting knowledge and skills to students. To this end, it becomes a necessity to search out means to achieve organisational effectiveness in Nigerian universities. This paper will thus provide an introduction that gives a better understanding of the subject matter in detail of its components. A suitable literature review of the various opinions of scholars on this topic will be examined. The series of challenges militating against the subject matter such as lack of funding, corruption, lack of qualified personnel etc., will be analysed. A conclusion providing a summary of this paper will be made to give a simpler understanding of what the paper truly aimed to reach a reader. A list of applicable suggestions such as prioritising university education and providing counselling for students and staff to enable them to perform at their optimum best will be provided to remedy the challenges with a view of making them applicable to real-life situations.
{"title":"Organisational Effectiveness: A Necessary Tool for Achieving Quality University Education in Nigeria","authors":"Stella Ofor-Douglas","doi":"10.37284/eajis.5.1.760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.5.1.760","url":null,"abstract":"The role of higher education in producing graduates who can transform the nation cannot be overemphasised. As such, one must look for ways to ensure that the higher education received is of good quality and of an enviable standard. One of the means to ensure this is to look within the university administration for organisational effectiveness. The onus then lies on those at the centre of making important decisions for the university to do so using good techniques with the aim of creating the best environment for imparting knowledge and skills to students. To this end, it becomes a necessity to search out means to achieve organisational effectiveness in Nigerian universities. This paper will thus provide an introduction that gives a better understanding of the subject matter in detail of its components. A suitable literature review of the various opinions of scholars on this topic will be examined. The series of challenges militating against the subject matter such as lack of funding, corruption, lack of qualified personnel etc., will be analysed. A conclusion providing a summary of this paper will be made to give a simpler understanding of what the paper truly aimed to reach a reader. A list of applicable suggestions such as prioritising university education and providing counselling for students and staff to enable them to perform at their optimum best will be provided to remedy the challenges with a view of making them applicable to real-life situations.","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114907206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study aimed to examine the effect of occupational health and Safety (OHS) on employee performance. The variables in this study draw from Herzberg’s theory, Goal-freedom alertness theory, and the systems theory. Descriptive and exploratory research designs were used to establish the effect of work conditions on the performance of NGAOs in Nandi County, Kenya. The target respondents for the study were County Commissioner, Deputy County Commissioner, Assistant County commissioner and Chiefs in the County. One hundred three respondents were obtained through random sampling and convenience sampling from a population of 139 National Government Administrative Officers (NGAO). The questionnaires were then administered to the respondents and allowed fourteen days before the responses were collected. The respondents were requested to participate and show their willingness to contribute to the items in the questionnaire. The collected data were coded and analysed using the mean and standard deviation, while inferential statistics used regression analysis. Frequency tables, percentages, pie charts and bar graphs were used to present the analysed data. The results of the study showed that the majority of NGAO employees were male, chiefs in designation, aged 36-49 years, married and had been in employment for at least 10 years. The findings of the study showed a strong positive relationship between occupational health and safety and employee performance (r = 0.612, p = .000). The regression model also shows that OHS was positively associated with employee performance (β = 0.232, p < 0.05). Ethical considerations were observed and respondents were made to understand that the findings were only to be used for academic purposes only. The findings of the study have an implication for Kenyan public sector policymakers on the need to improve the working conditions of national government administrative officers
本研究旨在探讨职业健康安全(OHS)对员工绩效的影响。本研究的变量来源于赫茨伯格理论、目标自由警觉性理论和系统理论。采用描述性和探索性研究设计来确定工作条件对肯尼亚Nandi县NGAOs绩效的影响。调查对象为县专员、副专员、助理专员及县首长。通过随机抽样和方便抽样，从139名国家政府行政官员(NGAO)中获得了103名受访者。然后将调查问卷发给受访者，并在收集回复前给予14天的时间。受访者被要求参与并表明他们愿意为问卷中的项目做出贡献。收集的数据采用均值和标准差进行编码和分析，而推论统计采用回归分析。使用频率表、百分比、饼图和条形图来呈现分析数据。研究结果显示，NGAO的大多数雇员是男性，被任命为主管，年龄在36-49岁之间，已婚，工作至少10年。研究结果显示，职业健康与安全与员工绩效之间存在很强的正相关关系(r = 0.612, p = .000)。回归模型还显示职业健康安全与员工绩效呈正相关(β = 0.232, p < 0.05)。伦理方面的考虑被观察到，受访者被告知调查结果仅用于学术目的。这项研究的结果对肯尼亚公共部门决策者有一个启示，即需要改善国家政府行政官员的工作条件
{"title":"Effect of Occupational Health and Safety on Performance of National Government Administrative Officers in Nandi County","authors":"Mwikali R. Kaloki, Weldon K. Ng’eno","doi":"10.37284/eajis.5.1.761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.5.1.761","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to examine the effect of occupational health and Safety (OHS) on employee performance. The variables in this study draw from Herzberg’s theory, Goal-freedom alertness theory, and the systems theory. Descriptive and exploratory research designs were used to establish the effect of work conditions on the performance of NGAOs in Nandi County, Kenya. The target respondents for the study were County Commissioner, Deputy County Commissioner, Assistant County commissioner and Chiefs in the County. One hundred three respondents were obtained through random sampling and convenience sampling from a population of 139 National Government Administrative Officers (NGAO). The questionnaires were then administered to the respondents and allowed fourteen days before the responses were collected. The respondents were requested to participate and show their willingness to contribute to the items in the questionnaire. The collected data were coded and analysed using the mean and standard deviation, while inferential statistics used regression analysis. Frequency tables, percentages, pie charts and bar graphs were used to present the analysed data. The results of the study showed that the majority of NGAO employees were male, chiefs in designation, aged 36-49 years, married and had been in employment for at least 10 years. The findings of the study showed a strong positive relationship between occupational health and safety and employee performance (r = 0.612, p = .000). The regression model also shows that OHS was positively associated with employee performance (β = 0.232, p < 0.05). Ethical considerations were observed and respondents were made to understand that the findings were only to be used for academic purposes only. The findings of the study have an implication for Kenyan public sector policymakers on the need to improve the working conditions of national government administrative officers","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"2004 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125604505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Employee job commitment continues to influence the work performance of employees in many organisations around the globe. While there has been broad research to understand the effect of employee job commitment, there is limited evidence to show the effect of key employee job commitment on the performance of Huduma Centres. The study focuses on examining the effect of employee job commitment on organisational performance, in the case of the Huduma Centre. Social exchange theory is the theory upon which the study is anchored. This study used the descriptive research design to examine the effect of employee attitudes on the organisational performance of Huduma Centre, Baringo. This study conducted a census of 60 employees who were administered with questionnaires comprising mainly of closed-ended questions. The study used questionnaires to collect data from non-supervisory and supervisory staff respondents. The collected data was then coded and analysed with the help of analytical software. Descriptive measures were used to analyse quantitative data, specifically the mean and the standard deviation, while for inferential statistical techniques, Pearson correlation was used. Frequency tables were used to present the data. The study ensured informed consent, confidentiality, and anonymity were observed when collecting and processing the data. The demographic data results indicated that the majority of the respondents were female, married, had a diploma, and had served an average of three and half years at the Huduma Centre. The study findings indicated that there is a strong positive relationship between job commitment and organisational performance (r = 0.556**, p < 0.05). The findings of the study have an implication for Kenyan public sector policymakers on the need to enhance job commitment so as to increase service delivery of Huduma Centres.
在全球许多组织中，员工的工作承诺持续影响着员工的工作绩效。虽然已有广泛的研究来了解员工工作承诺的影响，但显示关键员工工作承诺对Huduma中心绩效影响的证据有限。在Huduma中心的案例中，研究的重点是检查员工工作承诺对组织绩效的影响。社会交换理论是本研究的理论基础。本研究采用描述性研究设计来考察巴林戈Huduma中心员工态度对组织绩效的影响。本研究对60名员工进行了问卷调查，问卷主要由封闭式问题组成。本研究采用问卷调查的方式收集非管理人员和管理人员受访者的数据。然后用分析软件对收集到的数据进行编码和分析。描述性测量用于分析定量数据，特别是平均值和标准差，而对于推理统计技术，使用Pearson相关。使用频率表来表示数据。该研究在收集和处理数据时确保知情同意、保密和匿名。人口统计数据结果表明，大多数答复者是已婚、有文凭、在Huduma中心平均工作三年半的女性。研究发现，工作承诺与组织绩效之间存在显著的正相关关系(r = 0.556**， p < 0.05)。这项研究的结果对肯尼亚公共部门决策者有一个启示，即需要加强工作承诺，以增加Huduma中心的服务提供。
{"title":"Effects of Employee Job Commitment on Organizational Performance in Kenya: A Case of Huduma Centre – Baringo","authors":"Lydia Jemesunde, Weldon K. Ng’eno","doi":"10.37284/eajis.5.1.762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.5.1.762","url":null,"abstract":"Employee job commitment continues to influence the work performance of employees in many organisations around the globe. While there has been broad research to understand the effect of employee job commitment, there is limited evidence to show the effect of key employee job commitment on the performance of Huduma Centres. The study focuses on examining the effect of employee job commitment on organisational performance, in the case of the Huduma Centre. Social exchange theory is the theory upon which the study is anchored. This study used the descriptive research design to examine the effect of employee attitudes on the organisational performance of Huduma Centre, Baringo. This study conducted a census of 60 employees who were administered with questionnaires comprising mainly of closed-ended questions. The study used questionnaires to collect data from non-supervisory and supervisory staff respondents. The collected data was then coded and analysed with the help of analytical software. Descriptive measures were used to analyse quantitative data, specifically the mean and the standard deviation, while for inferential statistical techniques, Pearson correlation was used. Frequency tables were used to present the data. The study ensured informed consent, confidentiality, and anonymity were observed when collecting and processing the data. The demographic data results indicated that the majority of the respondents were female, married, had a diploma, and had served an average of three and half years at the Huduma Centre. The study findings indicated that there is a strong positive relationship between job commitment and organisational performance (r = 0.556**, p < 0.05). The findings of the study have an implication for Kenyan public sector policymakers on the need to enhance job commitment so as to increase service delivery of Huduma Centres.","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115798164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was aimed at investigating the effects of driver’s age on road accidents among Moto Bajaj drivers in Mogadishu. The study objectives include; identifying the proportion of driver exceeding the urban driving limit, determining the relationship between driver age and accidents, determining the relationship between speed of driving and road accident, and determining the proportion of drivers who meets the legal requirements for driving. Structured questionnaires were administered to Bajaj drivers and collected 385 records from the source population of Bajaj drivers. It was conducted through a field survey of 385 Bajaj drivers in the Banadir region. The source of the population was unknown to determine the sample size, Cochrane (1977) formula was used for larger sample size determination to calculate the ideal sample size. This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from Jan to May 2022. The topic was the effects of Moto Bajaj driver’s age on road accidents in Mogadishu, Somalia. The study found that preferred driving speed; drivers who prefer to drive between 30 - 49 Km per hour accounted for 47%, drivers who preferred to drive 50 - 69 Km per hour accounted for 52%, and those who prefer to drive >70 Km per hour accounted 1%. This indicates that 53% of the Baja drivers are the potential to drive at higher speeds. The study revealed the odds for driver’s preferred speed of 50-69 km/hr were 19.116 times more likely to have an accident comparing those driving at low speed. And drivers preferring a speed of 70 km/hr are 18 times more likely to have an accident compared to others. The model correctly predicted 86.2% of cases where there was no accident and 85.9% of cases where there was an accident giving an overall percentage correct prediction rate of 86. The study recommends and provides advocacy to all concerned bodies, including the government institutions, organizations, private institutions, and decisions maker, to impose and actively engage the road safety policy and procedures, including driving age and speed limiting on certain roads in Banadir Region.
{"title":"Empirical Research on Factors Contributing Road Accident Among Bajaj Drivers in Banadir Region, Mogadishu, Somalia","authors":"Hassan Mohamed Osman, Ibrahim Abdi Hassan, Abdirashid Mohamed Kasim, Omar Abdulle Omar","doi":"10.37284/eajis.5.1.754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.5.1.754","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed at investigating the effects of driver’s age on road accidents among Moto Bajaj drivers in Mogadishu. The study objectives include; identifying the proportion of driver exceeding the urban driving limit, determining the relationship between driver age and accidents, determining the relationship between speed of driving and road accident, and determining the proportion of drivers who meets the legal requirements for driving. Structured questionnaires were administered to Bajaj drivers and collected 385 records from the source population of Bajaj drivers. It was conducted through a field survey of 385 Bajaj drivers in the Banadir region. The source of the population was unknown to determine the sample size, Cochrane (1977) formula was used for larger sample size determination to calculate the ideal sample size. This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from Jan to May 2022. The topic was the effects of Moto Bajaj driver’s age on road accidents in Mogadishu, Somalia. The study found that preferred driving speed; drivers who prefer to drive between 30 - 49 Km per hour accounted for 47%, drivers who preferred to drive 50 - 69 Km per hour accounted for 52%, and those who prefer to drive >70 Km per hour accounted 1%. This indicates that 53% of the Baja drivers are the potential to drive at higher speeds. The study revealed the odds for driver’s preferred speed of 50-69 km/hr were 19.116 times more likely to have an accident comparing those driving at low speed. And drivers preferring a speed of 70 km/hr are 18 times more likely to have an accident compared to others. The model correctly predicted 86.2% of cases where there was no accident and 85.9% of cases where there was an accident giving an overall percentage correct prediction rate of 86. The study recommends and provides advocacy to all concerned bodies, including the government institutions, organizations, private institutions, and decisions maker, to impose and actively engage the road safety policy and procedures, including driving age and speed limiting on certain roads in Banadir Region. ","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125835500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The growing population has placed a higher demand on the public transport system, and yet they have not been able to cater for the needs of people of all socioeconomic groups. People go for Moto Bajaj services as they find them more flexible in many ways such as timing, routes, destinations etc. They provide door-to-door services and are easily accessible and affordable. Moto Bajaj can be hired anywhere anytime, and prior booking is not required. In the cities, the number of Moto Bajaj is also very high, getting a Moto Bajaj is almost always an easy task. Methodology: The study used a descriptive cross-sectional survey strategy, as the respondents and data collection methods were relevant and cost-effective in this method. The study had a sample of 385 participants of Bajaj drivers as the primary source of the data. The data collected was primary data. The data was collected through a Kobo collector with trained enumerators. The data collection period was three days. To ensure data quality, a data expect supervisor was hired who was technically supporting the data collecting, cleaning, and providing frequent feedback to the enumerators. Result: Based on the study of the demographic characteristic, objectives and research questions, the study found that the average age of the drivers is 27, and one-third of the drivers were teenagers. Regarding whether the driver had a license or not, the study revealed that most drivers had a license; however, there were 18% who either did not have a license or had invalid licenses and most of them had a license for a period of 4 to 6 years. A survey showed that there was a significant number of unregistered and unlicensed Bajaj drivers. Therefore, to take proper actions against the driver and owner in case of accident, robbery, or misuse was impossible as there is no number plate in the Moto Bajaj rickshaw for tracking. Tax payment revealed that 3% of the Moto Baja drivers do not pay tax; however, this needs further investigation and research for a large sample size which means excluding possible sampling error and data representation. Conclusion: The Moto Bajaj has a significant contribution to both the livelihood and plays a key role in the market economy in Somalia. The Moto Bajaj created an opportunity for the market economy and contributed to the livelihood of the people living in the Banadir region. The drivers are too young, there is a need to strengthen the legal driving permission requirement, considering ages. Bajaj’s work contributes to the provision of education, health, housing, and a significant number of family dependent on it. There is a number of Bajaj with no License nor registered and do not pay tax. Recommendation: To put effective legal requirement policies in place or implement them effectively, these may include ensuring age legal requirements for driving and ensuring drivers are licensed and ensure that drivers have valid licenses, and ensure that they are well trained on th
{"title":"A Descriptive Study on Assessing the Socioeconomic Contribution and Meeting Legal Requirements of Bajaj Drivers in Mogadishu, Somalia Feb to June 2022","authors":"Omar Abdi Mohamed, Idiris Mohamed Osman, Mohamed Ali Mohamed, Daud Mohamed Hassan, Omar Abdulle Omar","doi":"10.37284/eajis.5.1.756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.5.1.756","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The growing population has placed a higher demand on the public transport system, and yet they have not been able to cater for the needs of people of all socioeconomic groups. People go for Moto Bajaj services as they find them more flexible in many ways such as timing, routes, destinations etc. They provide door-to-door services and are easily accessible and affordable. Moto Bajaj can be hired anywhere anytime, and prior booking is not required. In the cities, the number of Moto Bajaj is also very high, getting a Moto Bajaj is almost always an easy task. Methodology: The study used a descriptive cross-sectional survey strategy, as the respondents and data collection methods were relevant and cost-effective in this method. The study had a sample of 385 participants of Bajaj drivers as the primary source of the data. The data collected was primary data. The data was collected through a Kobo collector with trained enumerators. The data collection period was three days. To ensure data quality, a data expect supervisor was hired who was technically supporting the data collecting, cleaning, and providing frequent feedback to the enumerators. Result: Based on the study of the demographic characteristic, objectives and research questions, the study found that the average age of the drivers is 27, and one-third of the drivers were teenagers. Regarding whether the driver had a license or not, the study revealed that most drivers had a license; however, there were 18% who either did not have a license or had invalid licenses and most of them had a license for a period of 4 to 6 years. A survey showed that there was a significant number of unregistered and unlicensed Bajaj drivers. Therefore, to take proper actions against the driver and owner in case of accident, robbery, or misuse was impossible as there is no number plate in the Moto Bajaj rickshaw for tracking. Tax payment revealed that 3% of the Moto Baja drivers do not pay tax; however, this needs further investigation and research for a large sample size which means excluding possible sampling error and data representation. Conclusion: The Moto Bajaj has a significant contribution to both the livelihood and plays a key role in the market economy in Somalia. The Moto Bajaj created an opportunity for the market economy and contributed to the livelihood of the people living in the Banadir region. The drivers are too young, there is a need to strengthen the legal driving permission requirement, considering ages. Bajaj’s work contributes to the provision of education, health, housing, and a significant number of family dependent on it. There is a number of Bajaj with no License nor registered and do not pay tax. Recommendation: To put effective legal requirement policies in place or implement them effectively, these may include ensuring age legal requirements for driving and ensuring drivers are licensed and ensure that drivers have valid licenses, and ensure that they are well trained on th","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126117375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The focus of this study is on the contribution of Plato’s philosophy of education to the learner-centred approach in Tanzania. Aim of this study was to establish how Plato philosophy of education can improve the learner-centred approach despite the challenges facing these methods. Meanwhile the study adopted a documentary review from various sources such as library, internet sources and books. However, it was discovered that for Plato education is an important tool to ensure the mastery of knowledge and skills at every stage of the growth of children and adults. Hence the quality of education in Tanzania system depends on the good teaching methodology in order to improve the quality as well as teaching learning materials. Therefore, in this study we want to see the Plato’s philosophy of education in improving the learner-centred methods in Tanzania.
{"title":"The Implication of Plato’s Philosophy of Education to the Learner-Centred Teaching in Tanzania Secondary Schools","authors":"Theophil Christopher","doi":"10.37284/eajis.5.1.726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.5.1.726","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of this study is on the contribution of Plato’s philosophy of education to the learner-centred approach in Tanzania. Aim of this study was to establish how Plato philosophy of education can improve the learner-centred approach despite the challenges facing these methods. Meanwhile the study adopted a documentary review from various sources such as library, internet sources and books. However, it was discovered that for Plato education is an important tool to ensure the mastery of knowledge and skills at every stage of the growth of children and adults. Hence the quality of education in Tanzania system depends on the good teaching methodology in order to improve the quality as well as teaching learning materials. Therefore, in this study we want to see the Plato’s philosophy of education in improving the learner-centred methods in Tanzania.","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115783476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study examines education level and multiple income of retired people in the United Republic of Tanzania influences retirees to live longer after retirement (longevity). Basing on the results produced by this study, they imply that a number of factors influence the longevity of retirees with varying statistical magnitude and particularly for the period of scrutiny. The findings showed that 87.7% of retirees having secondary school and tertiary education as their highest level of education were paid less than 199,999 TZS per month as compared to 16.7% who received same pension amount attained University education level. Meanwhile, the facts supporting that having multiple sources of income improves the welfare of a human being and hence early death immediately after leaving the job is minimized, there is only 13.51% of those having several sources of income died (figure 4.4) while an average of 87.8% of those with numerous incomes survived within eight years of their retirement period. The results depicts that there is no direct relation between education level and the survival or non-survival of the retirees but the impact of education level towards longevity may be seen through pension amounts and through investments. In other words, the results imply that death or survival of a person do not necessarily depend on education level of that particular person but rather remain to be a contingent.
{"title":"The Influences of Education Level and Multiple Incomes on Extension of Life after Retirement among Tanzanians","authors":"M. L. Bukwimba","doi":"10.37284/eajis.5.1.701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.5.1.701","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines education level and multiple income of retired people in the United Republic of Tanzania influences retirees to live longer after retirement (longevity). Basing on the results produced by this study, they imply that a number of factors influence the longevity of retirees with varying statistical magnitude and particularly for the period of scrutiny. The findings showed that 87.7% of retirees having secondary school and tertiary education as their highest level of education were paid less than 199,999 TZS per month as compared to 16.7% who received same pension amount attained University education level. Meanwhile, the facts supporting that having multiple sources of income improves the welfare of a human being and hence early death immediately after leaving the job is minimized, there is only 13.51% of those having several sources of income died (figure 4.4) while an average of 87.8% of those with numerous incomes survived within eight years of their retirement period. The results depicts that there is no direct relation between education level and the survival or non-survival of the retirees but the impact of education level towards longevity may be seen through pension amounts and through investments. In other words, the results imply that death or survival of a person do not necessarily depend on education level of that particular person but rather remain to be a contingent. ","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"10887 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125169905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was a descriptive study on driving time and crime events of Bajaj-motor tri-cycles in Mogadishu city- Somalia in January 2022. It was investigating the prevalence and challenges of passengers on Moto Bajaj at a different point in time of the day. As shown by the evidence of prior studies that Kidnapping, rape, murder and Robbery were very common based on the time of the day. The study aimed to investigate the status of Kidnapping, rape, murder, and Robbery in Banadir region. The study collected through KOBO, an electronic means of data collection from a sample size of 350, randomly selected using systematic sampling and descriptive cross sectional study design. Data was analysed using SPSS, frequency table, charts analysis was employed. Based on the study findings that the study contributed, the following times in the day midnight, evening and late afternoon as an imbedded risk for all types of Moto Baja passengers including the innocent civilian property, dignity of young girls and life, as these are the essential human rights. The study found that a rape and abduction were more common during midnight travellers with Moto Bajaj while robbery was very common during afternoon and evening times. These are the study contribution by informing the public to have further precautions and safety when travelling midnight, evening and later afternoon times in the day and should provoke to your thoughts and do some mitigation measures. The study discovered that the contributing factors include unemployment, drug abuse, and travelling dark places in the city to the crime events in the capital city Mogadishu. The study recommends Minimal safe time for travelling with Baja moto is at the day light in the late morning and noon and early afternoon. Minimize or avoid travelling with Moto Bajaj at evening and late afternoon times. As this has revealed certain risk of exposure for robbery The study recommends to the Authority to increase and create job opportunities as employment is one of the contributing factors for the crime events. All types of passengers should be alerted when it is the only option to travel with Moto Bajaj whose driver is a drug user, or traveling in dark places in the Mogadishu, as this will put the additional risk of being exposed to crime events.
{"title":"Descriptive Study on Driving Time and Crime Events of Bajaj-Motor Tri-Cycles in Mogadishu City- Somalia in January-April 2022","authors":"Hassan Bedel Khalif, Abdulsatar Mukhtar Abubakar, A. Mohamed, Omar Abdulle Omar","doi":"10.37284/eajis.5.1.676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.5.1.676","url":null,"abstract":"The study was a descriptive study on driving time and crime events of Bajaj-motor tri-cycles in Mogadishu city- Somalia in January 2022. It was investigating the prevalence and challenges of passengers on Moto Bajaj at a different point in time of the day. As shown by the evidence of prior studies that Kidnapping, rape, murder and Robbery were very common based on the time of the day. The study aimed to investigate the status of Kidnapping, rape, murder, and Robbery in Banadir region. The study collected through KOBO, an electronic means of data collection from a sample size of 350, randomly selected using systematic sampling and descriptive cross sectional study design. Data was analysed using SPSS, frequency table, charts analysis was employed. Based on the study findings that the study contributed, the following times in the day midnight, evening and late afternoon as an imbedded risk for all types of Moto Baja passengers including the innocent civilian property, dignity of young girls and life, as these are the essential human rights. The study found that a rape and abduction were more common during midnight travellers with Moto Bajaj while robbery was very common during afternoon and evening times. These are the study contribution by informing the public to have further precautions and safety when travelling midnight, evening and later afternoon times in the day and should provoke to your thoughts and do some mitigation measures. The study discovered that the contributing factors include unemployment, drug abuse, and travelling dark places in the city to the crime events in the capital city Mogadishu. The study recommends Minimal safe time for travelling with Baja moto is at the day light in the late morning and noon and early afternoon. Minimize or avoid travelling with Moto Bajaj at evening and late afternoon times. As this has revealed certain risk of exposure for robbery The study recommends to the Authority to increase and create job opportunities as employment is one of the contributing factors for the crime events. All types of passengers should be alerted when it is the only option to travel with Moto Bajaj whose driver is a drug user, or traveling in dark places in the Mogadishu, as this will put the additional risk of being exposed to crime events.","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126912919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eliud Mutwiri Festus, Joan Kabaria-Muriithi, C. Njuguna
Cash Transfer Programmes have been seen to positively contribute to livelihoods of vulnerable populations in most African countries. Although several studies have been conducted on the effects of cash transfer Programme for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC), few have been done to investigate the effects of the programme on the beneficiary households. This study sought to assess the relationship between socio-economic characteristics of households receiving cash transfer Department programme for orphans and vulnerable children and livelihood outcomes. The study employed mixed methods research design and had a sample size of 281 research participants who comprised household heads. Quantitative data was coded and entered in computer for analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 28. Descriptive data was analysed through descriptive statistics and presented in tables, frequencies, and percentages. The relationship between the study variables was measured through correlation analysis while the effect of socio-economic characteristics of households receiving cash transfer programme on livelihood outcomes was done through multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicated that there was a positive relationship between socio-economic characteristics and livelihood outcomes of Orphans and Vulnerable Children. In addition, the socio-economic characteristics accounted for 16.3 percent of livelihood outcomes. The study recommends that the Ministry for Public Service, Gender, Senior Citizen Affairs and Special Programmes should review the existing policies on the cash transfer programmes to incorporate the assessment of the socio-economic characteristics of beneficiary households before enrolment into the programme. Additionally, the Ministry for planning should entrench livelihood outcomes in their performance indicators to ensure value for the money allocated to cash transfer programmes by the national Treasury.
{"title":"Relationship between Socio-economic Characteristics and Livelihood Outcomes of Households Receiving Cash Transfer Programme for Orphans and Vulnerable Children in Tigania West, Meru County","authors":"Eliud Mutwiri Festus, Joan Kabaria-Muriithi, C. Njuguna","doi":"10.37284/eajis.5.1.663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.5.1.663","url":null,"abstract":"Cash Transfer Programmes have been seen to positively contribute to livelihoods of vulnerable populations in most African countries. Although several studies have been conducted on the effects of cash transfer Programme for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC), few have been done to investigate the effects of the programme on the beneficiary households. This study sought to assess the relationship between socio-economic characteristics of households receiving cash transfer Department programme for orphans and vulnerable children and livelihood outcomes. The study employed mixed methods research design and had a sample size of 281 research participants who comprised household heads. Quantitative data was coded and entered in computer for analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 28. Descriptive data was analysed through descriptive statistics and presented in tables, frequencies, and percentages. The relationship between the study variables was measured through correlation analysis while the effect of socio-economic characteristics of households receiving cash transfer programme on livelihood outcomes was done through multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicated that there was a positive relationship between socio-economic characteristics and livelihood outcomes of Orphans and Vulnerable Children. In addition, the socio-economic characteristics accounted for 16.3 percent of livelihood outcomes. The study recommends that the Ministry for Public Service, Gender, Senior Citizen Affairs and Special Programmes should review the existing policies on the cash transfer programmes to incorporate the assessment of the socio-economic characteristics of beneficiary households before enrolment into the programme. Additionally, the Ministry for planning should entrench livelihood outcomes in their performance indicators to ensure value for the money allocated to cash transfer programmes by the national Treasury. ","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"37 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114286304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mushroom of the informal settlements in urban spaces has confined the urban poor in deplorable life at the periphery of socio-economic development. The residents in these informal settlements do not just have to grapple with a deprived lifestyle, they are also the key targets of criminality that is rampant in their neighbourhood. This study examined the demographic vulnerability to crime victimization amongst the informal settlement residents. The study focused on four slums in Nairobi, which included Kibera, Mathare, Korogocho, and Mukuru slums. The systematic sampling design was used to determine the 659 respondents. The questionnaires were administered to the respondents, this was quantitatively and qualitatively filled by the respondents to ensure a higher response rate. The study established that most residents were victimized by crime at least once and the common crime included the brewing and consumption of illicit brew. The other commonly experienced crimes included general robbery, burglary, muggings, drugs, assault, murder, robbery with violence, pickpocketing, sexual abuse, arson, kidnapping. Most of the residents lived with the fear of criminal victimization, with nearly a half of them falling victims of crime in the past year. Most of these criminal activities happened early in the evening and early in the morning and were perpetrated on the victims either along the way or in their homes. The crimes were mostly conducted with a weapon and the criminal attacks were often carried out by the youth and middle-aged individuals. The study recommended the establishment of sensitization programs to educate the residents about crime in their neighbourhood and the available ways of seeking justice. The study also recommended the enhancement of community policing in the informal settlement to protect the vulnerable girls who are susceptible to victimization due to the illicit brew that is sold and consumed in their neighbourhood
{"title":"Demographic Vulnerability to Crime Victimization among Urban Residents in Informal Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya","authors":"John Ndikaru Wa Teresia","doi":"10.37284/eajis.5.1.618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajis.5.1.618","url":null,"abstract":"The mushroom of the informal settlements in urban spaces has confined the urban poor in deplorable life at the periphery of socio-economic development. The residents in these informal settlements do not just have to grapple with a deprived lifestyle, they are also the key targets of criminality that is rampant in their neighbourhood. This study examined the demographic vulnerability to crime victimization amongst the informal settlement residents. The study focused on four slums in Nairobi, which included Kibera, Mathare, Korogocho, and Mukuru slums. The systematic sampling design was used to determine the 659 respondents. The questionnaires were administered to the respondents, this was quantitatively and qualitatively filled by the respondents to ensure a higher response rate. The study established that most residents were victimized by crime at least once and the common crime included the brewing and consumption of illicit brew. The other commonly experienced crimes included general robbery, burglary, muggings, drugs, assault, murder, robbery with violence, pickpocketing, sexual abuse, arson, kidnapping. Most of the residents lived with the fear of criminal victimization, with nearly a half of them falling victims of crime in the past year. Most of these criminal activities happened early in the evening and early in the morning and were perpetrated on the victims either along the way or in their homes. The crimes were mostly conducted with a weapon and the criminal attacks were often carried out by the youth and middle-aged individuals. The study recommended the establishment of sensitization programs to educate the residents about crime in their neighbourhood and the available ways of seeking justice. The study also recommended the enhancement of community policing in the informal settlement to protect the vulnerable girls who are susceptible to victimization due to the illicit brew that is sold and consumed in their neighbourhood","PeriodicalId":347146,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124375921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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