Pub Date : 2022-02-15DOI: 10.51456/ijeit.2022.v11i07.001
P. Żurawski
The low force friction welding process is a relatively new technology for welding two components together. The process developed just a few years ago has not been sufficiently researched to date to extend the knowledge about the process and its advantages. Under this process, most of the heat energy required for the welded joint comes from the induction coil. The process has many advantages over the butt friction welding method that determine the industrial application of the new technology. The advantages certainly include the lack of butt, an option of welding various materials, easy control of process parameters, short cycle time, and process stability. One of the companies using this technology is Federal Mogul Gorzyce based in Poland, using low force friction welding to produce small steel pistons. This paper analyses the low force friction welding process. The key process parameters, welding stages, and an analysis of the welded joint were presented. This paper discusses the issue of low force friction welding because of the attractiveness of this technique for the industrial application and the scarcity of literature relating to this process.
{"title":"Analysis of low force friction welding process in the industrial environment","authors":"P. Żurawski","doi":"10.51456/ijeit.2022.v11i07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51456/ijeit.2022.v11i07.001","url":null,"abstract":"The low force friction welding process is a relatively new technology for welding two components together. The process developed just a few years ago has not been sufficiently researched to date to extend the knowledge about the process and its advantages. Under this process, most of the heat energy required for the welded joint comes from the induction coil. The process has many advantages over the butt friction welding method that determine the industrial application of the new technology. The advantages certainly include the lack of butt, an option of welding various materials, easy control of process parameters, short cycle time, and process stability. One of the companies using this technology is Federal Mogul Gorzyce based in Poland, using low force friction welding to produce small steel pistons. This paper analyses the low force friction welding process. The key process parameters, welding stages, and an analysis of the welded joint were presented. This paper discusses the issue of low force friction welding because of the attractiveness of this technique for the industrial application and the scarcity of literature relating to this process.","PeriodicalId":347608,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology","volume":"25 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133002146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-15DOI: 10.51456/ijeit.2022.v11i06.001
M. Aissa, A. Alemany, A. Bouabdallah, A. Boutelhig
Through the current work, the flow around an insulating cylinder of various magnetic permeability, submitted to a flow of an incompressible electrically conducting fluid has been investigated. The homogeneous fluid flow and the homogeneous applied magnetic field are aligned at infinity. When the cylinder has the similar magnetic permeability as the fluid, the applied field is not influenced by the cylinder. However, when the cylinder has a different magnetic permeability than that of the fluid, the applied field is agitated by the cylinder and then the flow structures will become different from those of the previous case. Consequently, two cases can be distinguished following the last state whereas the cylinder magnetic permeability may have less or greater value than the fluid one’s. The best agreed results that have been obtained following the comparison to the literature magnetic field behaviors were selected .The event has been occurred, where the convergence and divergence of the magnetic stream lines were realized to the previous both cases of magnetic permeability situations, respectively. In fact, an important influence of magnetic field on the fluid has been occurred. Consequently, it can be concluded that the fluid has significant influences on the cylinder structure, through the impact of the fluid structure phenomenon, the shedding vortex process and its suppression. Accordingly, good results of drag aerodynamic coefficient evolution were obtained at the fixed value of the Reynolds number Re=550, for different Stuart numbers, greater than and lessen than a critical value adopting at N=0.8.
{"title":"MHD Flow around Circular Cylinder UnderControl through three Different magnetic Permeability Status","authors":"M. Aissa, A. Alemany, A. Bouabdallah, A. Boutelhig","doi":"10.51456/ijeit.2022.v11i06.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51456/ijeit.2022.v11i06.001","url":null,"abstract":"Through the current work, the flow around an insulating cylinder of various magnetic permeability, submitted to a flow of an incompressible electrically conducting fluid has been investigated. The homogeneous fluid flow and the homogeneous applied magnetic field are aligned at infinity. When the cylinder has the similar magnetic permeability as the fluid, the applied field is not influenced by the cylinder. However, when the cylinder has a different magnetic permeability than that of the fluid, the applied field is agitated by the cylinder and then the flow structures will become different from those of the previous case. Consequently, two cases can be distinguished following the last state whereas the cylinder magnetic permeability may have less or greater value than the fluid one’s. The best agreed results that have been obtained following the comparison to the literature magnetic field behaviors were selected .The event has been occurred, where the convergence and divergence of the magnetic stream lines were realized to the previous both cases of magnetic permeability situations, respectively. In fact, an important influence of magnetic field on the fluid has been occurred. Consequently, it can be concluded that the fluid has significant influences on the cylinder structure, through the impact of the fluid structure phenomenon, the shedding vortex process and its suppression. Accordingly, good results of drag aerodynamic coefficient evolution were obtained at the fixed value of the Reynolds number Re=550, for different Stuart numbers, greater than and lessen than a critical value adopting at N=0.8.","PeriodicalId":347608,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133276744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.51456/ijeit.2021.v11i05.001
J. M. Asuo, Barinaadaa T. Lebele- Alawa, J. Sodiki, B. Nkoi
This study investigates the effects of variations in compressor blade profile on the thermo-economic performance of gas turbines. The compressor's thermo-economic performance was determined using data obtained from the power plant. The method used for the analysis was simplifying the compressor, combustion chamber, and turbine into control volumes. Each flow was analyzed based on exergy, economic, and exergy cost principles. As 1 was increased, rotor blade deflection and diffusion were reduced while outlet velocity, stage efficiency, and pressure ratio increased. Pressure ratio increased by up to 20 percent when 1 increased by 10 and decreased by 7.5 percent when 2 increased by 10 . Equipment cost, annualized cost and total capital investment, operation, and maintenance cost increased by 27.68 percent, 27.31 percent, and 22.86 percent as 1 increased by 10 while equipment cost, annualized cost and total capital investment, operation, and maintenance cost increased by 12.44 percent, 12.12 percent, and 12.45 percent as 2 decreased by as much as 10 . Cost of exergy destruction, average unit cost of exergy input and average unit cost of exergy output increase by 2.64 percent, 2.62 percent, and 4.65 percent as 1 increase by 10 . It was recommended that the gas turbine filtration system be improved to suit the harsh environmental conditions of the area to reduce the amount of foulants on compressor blades. This will increase compressor life expectancy and efficiency, save operating and maintenance costs, and increase the reliability of the gas turbine to deliver maximum power. Furthermore, the research findings could serve as a useful reference for designers in selecting a reasonable compressor blade angle.
{"title":"Effects of Compressor Blade Profile Change on Thermo-economic Performance of Gas Turbine","authors":"J. M. Asuo, Barinaadaa T. Lebele- Alawa, J. Sodiki, B. Nkoi","doi":"10.51456/ijeit.2021.v11i05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51456/ijeit.2021.v11i05.001","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the effects of variations in compressor blade profile on the thermo-economic performance of gas turbines. The compressor's thermo-economic performance was determined using data obtained from the power plant. The method used for the analysis was simplifying the compressor, combustion chamber, and turbine into control volumes. Each flow was analyzed based on exergy, economic, and exergy cost principles. As 1 was increased, rotor blade deflection and diffusion were reduced while outlet velocity, stage efficiency, and pressure ratio increased. Pressure ratio increased by up to 20 percent when 1 increased by 10 and decreased by 7.5 percent when 2 increased by 10 . Equipment cost, annualized cost and total capital investment, operation, and maintenance cost increased by 27.68 percent, 27.31 percent, and 22.86 percent as 1 increased by 10 while equipment cost, annualized cost and total capital investment, operation, and maintenance cost increased by 12.44 percent, 12.12 percent, and 12.45 percent as 2 decreased by as much as 10 . Cost of exergy destruction, average unit cost of exergy input and average unit cost of exergy output increase by 2.64 percent, 2.62 percent, and 4.65 percent as 1 increase by 10 . It was recommended that the gas turbine filtration system be improved to suit the harsh environmental conditions of the area to reduce the amount of foulants on compressor blades. This will increase compressor life expectancy and efficiency, save operating and maintenance costs, and increase the reliability of the gas turbine to deliver maximum power. Furthermore, the research findings could serve as a useful reference for designers in selecting a reasonable compressor blade angle.","PeriodicalId":347608,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130010125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.51456/ijeit.2021.v11i04.001
Kawandal Jayswal, Pankaj Vyas
There are many applications using the small MIMO antenna structure for performance improvement. The Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Wi-Fi wireless modems are good example of the MIMO based modeling. Many coding techniques have been designed for enhancing the performance of the MIMO channels. This paper has presented the comprehensive study of the Coding techniques used for MIMO system specially using the Space Time Block Codes (STBC). Basically the coding techniques are used for improving the estimation of the MIMO Channel states information (CSI). Various design challenges of the channel estimation for wireless communication are addressed and problems are identified. The comparison of various SCBC based MIMO channel estimation methods have been tabulated based on the BER and MSE performances.
{"title":"Study of the STBC based MIMO System Modeling and Evaluation","authors":"Kawandal Jayswal, Pankaj Vyas","doi":"10.51456/ijeit.2021.v11i04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51456/ijeit.2021.v11i04.001","url":null,"abstract":"There are many applications using the small MIMO antenna structure for performance improvement. The Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Wi-Fi wireless modems are good example of the MIMO based modeling. Many coding techniques have been designed for enhancing the performance of the MIMO channels. This paper has presented the comprehensive study of the Coding techniques used for MIMO system specially using the Space Time Block Codes (STBC). Basically the coding techniques are used for improving the estimation of the MIMO Channel states information (CSI). Various design challenges of the channel estimation for wireless communication are addressed and problems are identified. The comparison of various SCBC based MIMO channel estimation methods have been tabulated based on the BER and MSE performances.","PeriodicalId":347608,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125424191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-15DOI: 10.51456/ijeit.2021.v11i03.001
M. Gonzalez, H. E., C. L., J. J.
Although the behavior of all subatomic particles is inherently probabilistic, Schrodinger´s equation does not itself contain any probabilities. In this work the Authors reinterprets the Schrodinger Equation; to find in it the randomness that was hidden and that was overlooked by Schrodinger himself. From the generation of Hermitian random matrices and their corresponding characteristic polynomials, the Authors concludes that the radial part solution of the Schrodinger equation for the Hydrogen Atom, namely Laguerre Polynomial, is obtained from the average value of all characteristic polynomials. This is how in this work it is made clear that the deterministic method to obtain the Laguerre Polynomial through the Rodrigues Formula is equivalent to the probabilistic method proposed by the Authors.
{"title":"Numerical Experimentation to obtain the Laguerre polynomial from average value of all characteristic polynomials of Hermitian Random Matrices","authors":"M. Gonzalez, H. E., C. L., J. J.","doi":"10.51456/ijeit.2021.v11i03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51456/ijeit.2021.v11i03.001","url":null,"abstract":"Although the behavior of all subatomic particles is inherently probabilistic, Schrodinger´s equation does not itself contain any probabilities. In this work the Authors reinterprets the Schrodinger Equation; to find in it the randomness that was hidden and that was overlooked by Schrodinger himself. From the generation of Hermitian random matrices and their corresponding characteristic polynomials, the Authors concludes that the radial part solution of the Schrodinger equation for the Hydrogen Atom, namely Laguerre Polynomial, is obtained from the average value of all characteristic polynomials. This is how in this work it is made clear that the deterministic method to obtain the Laguerre Polynomial through the Rodrigues Formula is equivalent to the probabilistic method proposed by the Authors.","PeriodicalId":347608,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130930692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.51456/ijeit.2021.v11i02.001
Edward Ching- Ruey, LUO
The critical depth, which making unstable flow situation for necessary avoiding on design, of channel flow influences the water-surface profile obviously, and it defines the relationships between specific energy and discharge. Generally speaking, for a given discharge and the shape of cross-section, the minimum specific energy will have the corresponding only one critical depth as the initial condition for computing the steady gradually varied flow. In this paper, we will discuss the situation of critical depths on symmetrically compound channel flows in unsteady state incorporating a general definition of Froude number based on the 1D unsteady momentum and continuity equations with the self-derived 3D velocity profile. With the self-derived velocity profile, the critical depth may be calculated step-by- step and the precise discharge determined and compared. Examples for calculations and comparisons for critical depth and discharge are given and some discussion also presented finally.
{"title":"Multi-Critical Water Depths and Precise Discharge Determination for Symmetrically Compound Channel in Unsteady State Flows","authors":"Edward Ching- Ruey, LUO","doi":"10.51456/ijeit.2021.v11i02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51456/ijeit.2021.v11i02.001","url":null,"abstract":"The critical depth, which making unstable flow situation for necessary avoiding on design, of channel flow influences the water-surface profile obviously, and it defines the relationships between specific energy and discharge. Generally speaking, for a given discharge and the shape of cross-section, the minimum specific energy will have the corresponding only one critical depth as the initial condition for computing the steady gradually varied flow. In this paper, we will discuss the situation of critical depths on symmetrically compound channel flows in unsteady state incorporating a general definition of Froude number based on the 1D unsteady momentum and continuity equations with the self-derived 3D velocity profile. With the self-derived velocity profile, the critical depth may be calculated step-by- step and the precise discharge determined and compared. Examples for calculations and comparisons for critical depth and discharge are given and some discussion also presented finally.","PeriodicalId":347608,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129891588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-15DOI: 10.51456/ijeit.2021.v11i01.001
M. Ejikeme, Ebere M., Patrick C.N., Mr. Nwosu, David C
This work studied conventional regeneration of saturated activated carbon using muffle furnace. The activated carbon was prepared from brewer’s spent grain using carbonization and chemical activation with potassium hydroxide. It was saturated with methylene blue dye and regenerated using muffle furnace. Effect of 30% hydrogen peroxide (H202 ) as an oxidant in the regeneration process was studied. Adsorption – regeneration process was studied for six cycles. Regeneration condition was optimized using central composite design (CCD). Effect of regeneration temperature and time on the adsorptive capacity of regenerated carbon was studied for one cycle. Adsorptive capacity and regeneration efficiency were found to decrease with increase in the number of cycles. 30% H202 had a tremendous effect on the adsorptive capacity of the regenerated carbon. The adsorptive capacity increased as the temperature grew from 200°C to 500°C, but dropped after being raised to 6,000°C. Adsorptive capacity increased from 10 minutes to 30 minutes, but declined to 50 minutes. The Quadratic model was used to regenerate a long network of electronics devices. In this experiment, the parameters were exactly what were required for optimal adsorption: temperature of 537.76 degrees Celsius, time of 29.34 minutes, and an initial dye concentration of 100mg/L with estimated adsorptive capacity of 54.2827mg/L. This was an extremely small mistake of 0.02 percent following validation.
{"title":"Conventional regeneration of spent activated carbon from brewer’s spent grain","authors":"M. Ejikeme, Ebere M., Patrick C.N., Mr. Nwosu, David C","doi":"10.51456/ijeit.2021.v11i01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51456/ijeit.2021.v11i01.001","url":null,"abstract":"This work studied conventional regeneration of saturated activated carbon using muffle furnace. The activated carbon was prepared from brewer’s spent grain using carbonization and chemical activation with potassium hydroxide. It was saturated with methylene blue dye and regenerated using muffle furnace. Effect of 30% hydrogen peroxide (H202 ) as an oxidant in the regeneration process was studied. Adsorption – regeneration process was studied for six cycles. Regeneration condition was optimized using central composite design (CCD). Effect of regeneration temperature and time on the adsorptive capacity of regenerated carbon was studied for one cycle. Adsorptive capacity and regeneration efficiency were found to decrease with increase in the number of cycles. 30% H202 had a tremendous effect on the adsorptive capacity of the regenerated carbon. The adsorptive capacity increased as the temperature grew from 200°C to 500°C, but dropped after being raised to 6,000°C. Adsorptive capacity increased from 10 minutes to 30 minutes, but declined to 50 minutes. The Quadratic model was used to regenerate a long network of electronics devices. In this experiment, the parameters were exactly what were required for optimal adsorption: temperature of 537.76 degrees Celsius, time of 29.34 minutes, and an initial dye concentration of 100mg/L with estimated adsorptive capacity of 54.2827mg/L. This was an extremely small mistake of 0.02 percent following validation.","PeriodicalId":347608,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128109094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-15DOI: 10.51456/ijeit.2021.v11i01.002
K. C. Reddy, Kulshrestha Utkarsh Alok, Chandrashekar C, Md. Farhanulla Sharif
The project is designed for Solar powered pedestal street lights that uses solar power from PV cells. For controlling the charging of the battery a charge controller is been used, and an LDR is used to sense the light on day as well as the evening time. The intensity of street lights is required to be kept high during the peak hours. The street lights are switched on using a sensing device LDR LED lights at the dusk and then switched off automatically when the timer set in the timer relay module stops. Due to which there is low energy consumption and the system works long life so that they can fast replace conventional lights world over. White light emitting diode (LED) replaces the HID lamps due to which the light gets saved and the system works without any problem. For energy saving of solar based system, also a charge controller is used to protect the battery from over charging, overloading and deep dischargeing protection. A light sensing device LDR (Light Dependent Resistance) is used, whose resistance reduces drastically for sensing purposes. In the measuring circuit the light intensity is monitored using an Light Dependent Resistance sensor and an signal from ldr sensor is send to the relay timer module and the times gets started and, after the time finishes the relay attached to the relay timer module gets open and the street lights stops. The design for this proposed project is modeled in PROTEUS 8 and acceptable results came at the end.
{"title":"Design and Simulation of Automatic Street Lighting System using Solar","authors":"K. C. Reddy, Kulshrestha Utkarsh Alok, Chandrashekar C, Md. Farhanulla Sharif","doi":"10.51456/ijeit.2021.v11i01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51456/ijeit.2021.v11i01.002","url":null,"abstract":"The project is designed for Solar powered pedestal street lights that uses solar power from PV cells. For controlling the charging of the battery a charge controller is been used, and an LDR is used to sense the light on day as well as the evening time. The intensity of street lights is required to be kept high during the peak hours. The street lights are switched on using a sensing device LDR LED lights at the dusk and then switched off automatically when the timer set in the timer relay module stops. Due to which there is low energy consumption and the system works long life so that they can fast replace conventional lights world over. White light emitting diode (LED) replaces the HID lamps due to which the light gets saved and the system works without any problem. For energy saving of solar based system, also a charge controller is used to protect the battery from over charging, overloading and deep dischargeing protection. A light sensing device LDR (Light Dependent Resistance) is used, whose resistance reduces drastically for sensing purposes. In the measuring circuit the light intensity is monitored using an Light Dependent Resistance sensor and an signal from ldr sensor is send to the relay timer module and the times gets started and, after the time finishes the relay attached to the relay timer module gets open and the street lights stops. The design for this proposed project is modeled in PROTEUS 8 and acceptable results came at the end.","PeriodicalId":347608,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology","volume":"311 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129355748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.51456/ijeit.2021.v10i12.001
L. Edward
Reliable water availability has been termed “water security”, defined as “the availability of an acceptable quantity and quality of water for health, livelihoods, ecosystems and production, coupled with an acceptable level of water-related risks to people, environments and economies.” Water is a mostly important resource for Taiwan, an island surrounded with Taiwan Strait and the Pacific Ocean. Three main utilizations of water are for livelihood, agriculture, and industry. Three properties of water are quantity, quality, and water right. Three control factors are sufficient for quantity, stable for quality, and fair for distribution. In the seriously global climate change, the conjunction uses for surface water and groundwater will be the long-term strategy, while the compensation for transferring the water volumes from agriculture to industry is a short-term purpose. In this article, the water supply-demand of Taiwan from 2010 to 2019 will be discussed and the example of 2016, a significant period, are given. Here, the calculation of compensation fee for transferring the water volumes from agricultural purpose to industrial utilization is also presented.
{"title":"Water Supply-Demand and Transferring Compensation Fee","authors":"L. Edward","doi":"10.51456/ijeit.2021.v10i12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51456/ijeit.2021.v10i12.001","url":null,"abstract":"Reliable water availability has been termed “water security”, defined as “the availability of an acceptable quantity and quality of water for health, livelihoods, ecosystems and production, coupled with an acceptable level of water-related risks to people, environments and economies.” Water is a mostly important resource for Taiwan, an island surrounded with Taiwan Strait and the Pacific Ocean. Three main utilizations of water are for livelihood, agriculture, and industry. Three properties of water are quantity, quality, and water right. Three control factors are sufficient for quantity, stable for quality, and fair for distribution. In the seriously global climate change, the conjunction uses for surface water and groundwater will be the long-term strategy, while the compensation for transferring the water volumes from agriculture to industry is a short-term purpose. In this article, the water supply-demand of Taiwan from 2010 to 2019 will be discussed and the example of 2016, a significant period, are given. Here, the calculation of compensation fee for transferring the water volumes from agricultural purpose to industrial utilization is also presented.","PeriodicalId":347608,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128646387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.51456/ijeit.2021.v10i12.002
S. Naskar, A. K. Goswami, S. S. Sarma
In all the countries, all the communities consist of people having certain attitudes and interests in common. The whole community can be mapped into a graph network. Every distinct individual can be assumed as a node of the constructed graph for the community. To declare a pandemic situation for any country, we first need to check whether the infection is spread throughout the Community or not. For this purpose we need to calculate the existence of cliques and the nodes of the maximal clique will be the infection spreading factors. In this work, we try to find out the presence of these spreading factors in the community graph network.
{"title":"Finding Community Infection Spreading Factor’s presence in a Community","authors":"S. Naskar, A. K. Goswami, S. S. Sarma","doi":"10.51456/ijeit.2021.v10i12.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51456/ijeit.2021.v10i12.002","url":null,"abstract":"In all the countries, all the communities consist of people having certain attitudes and interests in common. The whole community can be mapped into a graph network. Every distinct individual can be assumed as a node of the constructed graph for the community. To declare a pandemic situation for any country, we first need to check whether the infection is spread throughout the Community or not. For this purpose we need to calculate the existence of cliques and the nodes of the maximal clique will be the infection spreading factors. In this work, we try to find out the presence of these spreading factors in the community graph network.","PeriodicalId":347608,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128554522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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