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Filter Design and Amplitude Shaping Methodologies for De-Noising Digital Hearing Aids 数字助听器降噪滤波器设计和幅度整形方法
Pub Date : 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.51456/ijeit.2021.v10i11.002
Prerna Kumari, Deepak Singh
Uses of the digital hearing aids have been increased in last decades due to heavy noise pollution. The efficiency of the hearing aids is challenging under the presence of highly noisier environments. Therefore, it is highly required to design an efficient de noising method capable of reducing the excessive amplitude present in environment. It is also desirable to design the compact tiny digital herring aids easy to wear. This paper is focused to preset the de-noising methodologies for speech enhancement in digital hearing aids. Various methodologies based on FIR and IIR filter design are presented and performance is evaluated. It is observed that for short term speech samples the amplitude shaping methods become challenging task due to significant amplitude reduction during de-noising. Thus paper presets the adaptive scaling method for amplitude enhancement. The overall goal of paper to design efficient methodology for digital hearing aids.
在过去的几十年里,由于严重的噪音污染,数字助听器的使用有所增加。在高噪声环境下,助听器的使用效率是一个挑战。因此,迫切需要设计一种有效的降噪方法来降低环境中存在的过大幅度。设计出易于佩戴的小巧的数字鲱鱼辅助器具也是可取的。本文主要研究了数字助听器语音增强的降噪方法。提出了基于FIR和IIR滤波器设计的各种方法,并对其性能进行了评估。研究发现,对于短期语音样本,在去噪过程中会出现明显的幅度降低,因此幅度整形方法变得非常困难。在此基础上,提出了一种用于幅度增强的自适应缩放方法。本文的总体目标是设计有效的数字助听器方法。
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引用次数: 1
Regional Assessment of Ozone across Nigeria, from 2005 to 2018 using NASAGIOVANNI Air Quality 2005年至2018年尼日利亚臭氧区域评估,使用NASAGIOVANNI空气质量
Pub Date : 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.51456/ijeit.2021.v10i11.003
D. I.L., Chineke T.C., Nwofor O.K, Mbagwu JP.C, Ewurum N.B.B
Nigeria is a developing country situated in West Africa. As a developing, country, it is experiencing critical problem such as insecurity, political,social and religious crisis to mention but a few. Nigeria is equally urbanizing very fast and as such is overwhelmed with problems emanating from urbanisation, industrialization and agricultural development. These anthropogenic encumberances grossly inhibitthe country from effectively paying attention toperennial problem like air pollution. Ground level ozone was studied from NASA Giovanni air quality platform from 2005 to 2018. Visualizations from this study, shows an indication of seasonal fluctuations of ozone. The highest annual concentration of ozone across Nigeria for the sampled years was observed in the year 2013, it recorded 269.7DU. Others years include 2015, 2014, 2008 and 2004 they recorded 268.69DU, 267.31DU, 267.19DU and 265.85DU respectively. The least annual concentations of 260.18DU and 260.22DU were recorded in the years 2007 and 2005 respectively. A short annual range of 9.52DU was observed for the sampled years. From this study ozone decreases in the dry season and peaks in the rainy season.
尼日利亚是一个位于西非的发展中国家。作为一个发展中国家,它正在经历严重的问题,如不安全,政治,社会和宗教危机,仅举几例。尼日利亚同样正在快速城市化,因此城市化、工业化和农业发展带来的问题不堪重负。这些人为障碍严重阻碍了国家对空气污染等长期问题的有效关注。2005年至2018年,美国宇航局乔瓦尼空气质量平台研究了地面臭氧。这项研究的可视化显示了臭氧季节性波动的迹象。在采样年份中,尼日利亚臭氧年浓度最高的年份是2013年,为269.7DU。其他年份包括2015年、2014年、2008年和2004年,分别为268.69、267.31、267.19和265.85。年浓度最低的年份分别为2007年260.18DU和2005年260.22DU。年际变化幅度较短,为9.52DU。从这项研究来看,臭氧在旱季减少,在雨季达到峰值。
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引用次数: 0
Train Wheel Force Analysis by Dynamic Analysis of High-speed Train Bridge 高速动车桥动力分析的列车轮力分析
Pub Date : 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.51456/ijeit.2021.v10i11.001
Soon-Taek Oh, Dong-Jun Lee, Byeong-Cheol Jeong, Jaeyoung Park, Dajeong Moon
A dynamic numerical analysis of the wheel forces of a Korea Train express (KTX) vehicle is conducted to investigate the traffic safety of railway bridge. It is carried out to solve the structural responses which is especially focused on either the dynamic amplification factor (DAF; vertical deflections, stresses, moments, and accelerations) of the bridge or the differences of wheel forces (DWF) and three directions rotations of the train while travelling between on the ground and on the pre-stressed concrete (PSC) box bridge with an analysed range of running speeds from 100 km/h to 600 km/h by 10 km/h increments. The numerical finite element method (FEM) with fourth order Runge−Kutta method is used to analyse the traffic safety of the bridge considering wheel-track forces between a 38 degree-of -freedom vehicle model and a track irregularity generated by the power spectral density (PSD) function. It will be proposed as indies of evaluation method (DAF, DWF, and KTX rotations) are recommended as the enforced traffic safety of the existing PSC box bridges due to the increasing speed of next generation KTX.
为探讨铁路桥梁的行车安全性,对韩国高速列车(KTX)车辆车轮力进行了动态数值分析。进行结构响应求解,特别关注动力放大系数(DAF);从100公里/小时到600公里/小时,以10公里/小时的增量,分析了在地面和预应力混凝土(PSC)箱形桥上行驶时,桥梁的垂直挠度、应力、力矩和加速度)或车轮力(DWF)的差异和火车的三个方向旋转。采用四阶龙格-库塔法(Runge - Kutta)数值有限元法,考虑38自由度车辆模型之间的轮-轨作用力和功率谱密度函数产生的轨道不平顺性,对该桥的交通安全性进行了分析。由于下一代KTX速度的提高,为了加强现有PSC箱式桥的交通安全,建议采用独立的评价方法(DAF、DWF、KTX旋转)。
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引用次数: 0
A Comparative Analysis of Fibre Bragg Grating Sensor and Conventional Electrical Strain Gauge Model for Structural Health Monitoring 光纤光栅传感器与传统电应变片模型用于结构健康监测的比较分析
Pub Date : 2021-05-15 DOI: 10.51456/ijeit.2021.v10i10.001
ObajeS. P, A. M, AgbonE. E, E& OgweR
This research work presents a comparative analysis of Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor model and the conventional Electrical Strain Gauge (ESG) model for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). SHM have been mainly deployed in telecommunication facilities owing to their exceptional ability to monitor infrastructures in hazardous environment. In this research, the FBG sensitivity was compared with that of the ESG sensor at different strain and stress values, at Poisson’s ratio ( ) of 0.19525 and 0.3, at effective refractive index (neff) of 1.44 and 1.5, and Gauge Factor (GF) of 1.1 and 1.5 respectively. FBG (A) is the FBG sensor with Poisson’s ratio of 0.3 and effective refractive index of 1.44, while FBG (B) is the FBG sensor with Poisson’s ratio of 0.19525 and effective refractive index of 1.5. The simulation result shows that FBG(A)performs better than FBG(B)by, 7.25% and 8.05% increment in sensitivity strain and stress. Also, 2.7% increment in sensitivity for ESG was achieved for induced strain and stress values on the composite structure at GF of 1.1 and 1.5 respectively. Additionally, it was observed from the obtained results that there exists a linear relationship between the FBG and ESG sensors. This observation shows that the FBG sensor can perfectly replace the conventional ESG sensor in SHM, in view of the additional advantages of the FBG sensor which are small size, immune to electromagnetic interference, light weight just to mention a few over ESG sensor.
本研究对用于结构健康监测(SHM)的光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器模型和传统的电应变片(ESG)模型进行了比较分析。SHM主要部署在电信设施中,因为它们具有监测危险环境中的基础设施的特殊能力。在不同应变和应力值下,分别在泊松比()为0.19525和0.3,有效折射率(neff)为1.44和1.5,测量因子(GF)为1.1和1.5时,比较了FBG与ESG传感器的灵敏度。FBG (A)为泊松比为0.3、有效折射率为1.44的光纤光栅传感器,而FBG (B)为泊松比为0.19525、有效折射率为1.5的光纤光栅传感器。仿真结果表明,光纤光栅(A)的灵敏度应变和应力分别比光纤光栅(B)提高了7.25%和8.05%。在GF为1.1和1.5时,复合材料结构的诱导应变和应力值对ESG的敏感性分别提高了2.7%。此外,从得到的结果可以看出,光纤光栅和ESG传感器之间存在线性关系。这一观察表明,鉴于FBG传感器体积小、不受电磁干扰、重量轻等优点,FBG传感器可以完全取代传统的ESG传感器在SHM中。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptive Colour Space based Robust Image Watermarking Using Serial DWT-HD-SVD domain 基于自适应色彩空间的串行DWT-HD-SVD域鲁棒图像水印
Pub Date : 2021-04-15 DOI: 10.51456/ijeit.2021.v10i09.001
Sandeep Singh Rathord, Manish Rai
Watermarking is used for the authentication and protection of digital image data. The color image watermarking is a challenging task and may endup to be lengthy. Various transformations based methods are used forenhacingwatermarkrobustnessand to keep itinvisible. Robustness of watermarking methods have been improved using the hybrid DWT-SVD domain. In this paper an improved hybrid transformation method is prpoposed, using the combination of the Hesenberg Decomposition (HD) with the existing DWT-SVD method. The LAB colour space is adopted at the pre-processing stage for the entropy maximization. The entropy analysis is used for justification of the colour space adaptation.Performance of the existing and proposed method is tested on colour images using parametric analysis of normalized correlation (NC),Peak signal to noise ration (PSNR) and SSIM.Efficiency of existing waatermarking methods may detoriate undervarious attacks. The Impact of the various watermark attacks are also evaluated over the extraction quality.
水印技术用于数字图像数据的认证和保护。彩色图像水印是一项具有挑战性的任务,并且可能会耗费大量时间。各种基于变换的方法被用于增强水印的鲁棒性和保持其不可见性。利用DWT-SVD混合域提高了水印方法的鲁棒性。本文提出了一种改进的混合变换方法,将Hesenberg分解(HD)与现有的DWT-SVD方法相结合。预处理阶段采用LAB色彩空间实现熵最大化。利用熵分析对色彩空间的适应性进行论证。利用归一化相关(NC)、峰值信噪比(PSNR)和SSIM的参数分析,在彩色图像上测试了现有方法和所提方法的性能。在各种攻击下,现有水印方法的效率会有所下降。对各种水印攻击对提取质量的影响进行了评价。
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引用次数: 0
Homogenization of Masonry Wall using Sensitivity Analysis 利用敏感性分析实现砌体墙的均质化
Pub Date : 2021-03-15 DOI: 10.51456/ijeit.2021.v10i08.002
Achyut Paudel, Anu Bhattarai, Radhakrishna Mallik, G. Motra
Though masonry buildings are most impacted during earthquakes, and the construction of masonry structure cannot be completely avoided in all part of the earth, there is no proper study regarding the behavior of masonry structure regarding seismic performance analysis and design. Detailed analysis of masonry structures requires a detailed micro-modeling technique using finite element method which requires complex calculation and numerous parameters for analysis. In this paper, an approximated simplified finite element computational technique for non-linear analysis of masonry wall is proposed using sensitivity analysis for the flow parameter of masonry wall using a macro-modeling approach in which the masonry unit and mortar are homogenized into a single panel. An experimental wall in which the nonlinear analysis was performed was considered and numerical simulation using a macro-modeling approach is performed with the experimental properties in ABAQUS Software. With making numerical model, tensile and compressive stress-strain curve were obtained which were used to prepare concrete damage plasticity model for the modelling of masonry wall. The sensitivity analysis was performed for the determination of viscosity parameter and dilation angle. The model is prepared and run with various changing values of viscosity parameter and the one that matches with the experimental result was selected. In the same way, the model is prepared for various changing values of dilation angle and the one that matches with the experimental result was selected. The final model was prepared with the values of dilation angle and viscosity parameters thus prepared and the nonlinear force displacement relation was obtained. Thus obtained, non-linear force displacement curve is compared with the actual experimental force-displacement curve.
虽然砌体建筑在地震中受到的影响最大,而且在地球上的所有地区都无法完全避免建造砌体结构,但目前还没有关于砌体结构抗震性能分析和设计的适当研究。砌体结构的详细分析需要使用有限元法进行详细的微观建模技术,这需要复杂的计算和大量的分析参数。本文提出了一种用于砌体墙非线性分析的近似简化有限元计算技术,使用宏观建模方法对砌体墙的流动参数进行敏感性分析,其中砌体单元和砂浆被均匀化为一个面板。考虑对实验墙进行非线性分析,并在 ABAQUS 软件中使用宏观建模方法对实验属性进行数值模拟。通过建立数值模型,获得了拉应力和压应力-应变曲线,并以此为砌体墙建模准备了混凝土破坏塑性模型。在确定粘度参数和扩张角时进行了敏感性分析。模型是在粘度参数值不断变化的情况下建立和运行的,并选择了与实验结果相匹配的参数。同样,根据扩张角的不同变化值制作模型,并选择与实验结果相匹配的值。最后,根据所制备的扩张角和粘度参数值制备模型,并得到非线性力位移关系。将得到的非线性力位移曲线与实际的实验力位移曲线进行比较。
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引用次数: 0
A proposed LAAS with planer structure well array 提出了一种平面结构井阵LAAS
Pub Date : 2021-03-15 DOI: 10.51456/ijeit.2021.v10i08.001
M. Shichijo, Keita Kosugi, Y. Hasegawa, H. Uchida
We have studied the Light Addressable Amperometric Sensor (LAAS) which is a two dimensional electrochemical sensor. In this study we report the LAAS that enables multiples samples measurement based on planer structure made by photolithography. We deposited SU-8 and platinum films on the LAAS device to form well array in order to keep individual sample solutions. The LAAS performs individual measurements by selecting each well using addressing light beam. The results showed that the observed current value depends on concentration of redox species from 10pM to 1 mM in 1 well. Therefore, we found that the proposed structure functions correctly, and expect efficiency improvement of processes such as drug discovery screening
本文研究了一种二维电化学传感器——光可寻址安培传感器(LAAS)。在这项研究中,我们报告了基于光刻制作的平面结构的LAAS,可以实现多个样品的测量。我们在LAAS装置上沉积了SU-8和铂膜,形成良好的阵列,以保持单独的样品溶液。LAAS通过使用寻址光束选择每个井来执行单独的测量。结果表明:1个孔中10pM ~ 1mm氧化还原物质的浓度与观察到的电流值有关。因此,我们发现所提出的结构功能正确,并期望提高药物发现筛选等过程的效率
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引用次数: 0
A Case Study of Optimum Energy efficientroutingusing SAA Approach for WSN 基于SAA方法的无线传感器网络最优能效调度实例研究
Pub Date : 2020-11-15 DOI: 10.51456/IJEIT.2020.V10I05.005
Priyanka Chourey, I. Khan
: The IOT based wireless sensors network (WSN) gas become an integral part of many smart applications for acquiring data over cloud/servers. Since life of networks are restricted by power availability of sensors. As sensor node acts as a switch in the network thus, assurance of efficient routing becomes the essential part to prolonging the utilization of energy. Therefore, it is mandatory to enhance the energy efficiency of these WSN systems. The sleep aware and awake method is widely used for saving the energy of the WSN networks. This paper proposes to design an efficient routing algorithm for WSN networks via examination and testing of numerous state of art routing protocols related to WSN. The optimum parametric selection approach is used for designing the energy efficient O-EESAA protocol. Different experiments were conducted to test the efficiency and current clustering dependent EESAA protocol of the proposed optimal design. Performance is compared based on the network life time, alive nodes, latency as FND, and the number of packets transmitted. Overall proposed energy model is good enough to improve the energy uses of WSN.
基于物联网的无线传感器网络(WSN)已成为许多智能应用程序的一个组成部分,用于通过云/服务器获取数据。由于网络的寿命受到传感器功率可用性的限制。由于传感器节点在网络中扮演着交换机的角色,因此保证有效的路由成为延长能量利用率的关键。因此,提高无线传感器网络系统的能效势在必行。为了节省无线传感器网络的能量,睡眠感知和唤醒方法被广泛采用。本文通过对现有的无线传感器网络路由协议的研究和测试,提出了一种有效的无线传感器网络路由算法。采用最优参数选择方法设计了高效节能的O-EESAA协议。通过不同的实验来测试所提出的优化设计的效率和当前依赖聚类的EESAA协议。根据网络生存时间、活动节点、FND延迟和传输的数据包数量对性能进行比较。总的来说,所提出的能量模型足以提高无线传感器网络的能量利用率。
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引用次数: 0
Integrity Monitoring with ECMRSA Algorithm for Cloud Data Outsourcing 基于ECMRSA算法的云数据外包完整性监控
Pub Date : 2020-11-15 DOI: 10.51456/IJEIT.2020.V10I05.004
D. V. Thang, N. D. Pham
With its on-demand technology, cloud computing has advanced to allow vast volumes of data to be interchanged via cloud services. Scalable cloud services that store confidential data on cloud storage servers are therefore critical to the complex management of a number of problem fields: security, privacy, data sharing and cloud server integrity. In addition, in this expanded environment, validity and control of access to data should be retained. One of the core principles for cloud encryption is abe. An interest in this research is the auditing of data or integrity tests for secure cloud storage. The data audit approach allows an auditor to verify the consistency of the data files and submit the data owner's verification report, without understanding the files. This paper offers an RSA modified elliptic curve (ECMRSA) and an algorithm modified to md5 for the purpose of verifying the integrity of cloud data, to upload the encrypted data files of data users or proprietors to the cloud data server and send a request for a third-party audit to the auditor. On behalf of data holders, a third-party auditor (TPA) is called by the data server to ensure the file is credible. The auditor sends the audit report to the owner following maintenance of the data file accuracy. A public key coding scheme with homomorphic algorithms that produces a digital file signature or hash values for coded files is included in the proposed audit algorithm.
凭借其按需技术,云计算已经发展到允许通过云服务交换大量数据。因此,在云存储服务器上存储机密数据的可扩展云服务对于许多问题领域的复杂管理至关重要:安全、隐私、数据共享和云服务器完整性。此外,在这种扩展的环境中,应该保留对数据访问的有效性和控制。云加密的核心原则之一是abe。本研究的一个兴趣点是安全云存储的数据审计或完整性测试。数据审计方法允许审计员在不了解文件的情况下验证数据文件的一致性并提交数据所有者的验证报告。本文提出了一种RSA修正椭圆曲线(ECMRSA)和一种修改为md5的算法,用于验证云数据的完整性,将数据用户或所有者的加密数据文件上传到云数据服务器,并向审计员发送第三方审计请求。代表数据持有者的第三方审计员(TPA)由数据服务器调用,以确保文件是可信的。审计员在维护数据文件的准确性后,将审计报告发送给业主。在建议的审计算法中包括一个具有同态算法的公钥编码方案,该算法为编码文件生成数字文件签名或散列值。
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引用次数: 0
The Ephemerality between the Scenographic and Monumental Architecture – Part II 景观建筑与纪念性建筑的短暂性——第二部分
Pub Date : 2020-10-15 DOI: 10.51456/IJEIT.2020.V10I04.002
P. Diogo, T. Pinto
DOI: 10.51456/IJEIT.2020.v10i04.002 Page 7 Abstract— Architecture, as a science, presents great visibility in urban spaces. Understanding the continuity from past shapes represent insights on ancient times, societies, one intends to analyze which factors determine such continuity. The main aim will be to consider architecture as a continuity element, emphasizing its position on urban settings, i.e., urban visibility. In the urban space, one finds the difference between what endured over time and new constructions. The current urban reality will then become the synthesis between transformations conducted on pre-existence or new constructions. Beginning by framing an urban space with monumental relations and ephemeral representations, one intends to approach architecture under a broad perspective, while not overlooking theoretical and historical relations underlying to the place from a scholastic point of view and trying to analyze the architectures’ work together with accumulated problems or transformations that take place with less theoretical and scholastic visibility.
摘要-建筑作为一门科学,在城市空间中呈现出极大的可见性。了解过去形状的连续性代表了对古代社会的见解,人们打算分析哪些因素决定了这种连续性。主要目的是将建筑视为一种连续性元素,强调其在城市环境中的地位,即城市可见性。在城市空间中,人们会发现历经时间考验的建筑与新建筑之间的区别。当前的城市现实将成为对先前存在或新建筑进行的转换之间的综合。从构建具有纪念性关系和短暂性表征的城市空间开始,我们打算在一个广阔的视角下研究建筑,而不是从学术的角度忽视与该地方潜在的理论和历史关系,并试图分析建筑的工作与积累的问题或变化,这些问题或变化发生在较少的理论和学术可见性中。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology
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