Kristel Yamat, Jian Karlos Hernandez, Kent Mathew Salas, Kristina Bianca Soliman, Rod Charlie Delos Reyes
Sex education is an important topic that is relevant in everyday life activities. However, due to its rare and sensitive connotation, this topic remains to be taboo in the Philippines. With the country having high devotion to Christianity, conversations about sex, sexuality, and sex education are considered inappropriate and sinful. This paper narrates the overview and reflections on a webinar program of occupational therapy students in Pampanga about the relevance of sex education in the youth, school, the occupational therapy profession, and the community. Sex education was discussed in a way that is not limited to sexual intercourse but covered how individual views and expresses themselves through their sexuality. Challenges such as providing sexuality education among children and youth should be provided to decrease teenage pregnancy and sex-related diseases. Schools, families, healthcare institutions, and communities should also be open about sex education to reduce experiences of negative mental health outcomes due to religious prejudice and biases and help the young generation to have lifelong healthy decisions about their sexual and reproductive health.
{"title":"Should sex education in the Philippines remain taboo?","authors":"Kristel Yamat, Jian Karlos Hernandez, Kent Mathew Salas, Kristina Bianca Soliman, Rod Charlie Delos Reyes","doi":"10.61072/j.osh.2023.524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61072/j.osh.2023.524","url":null,"abstract":"Sex education is an important topic that is relevant in everyday life activities. However, due to its rare and sensitive connotation, this topic remains to be taboo in the Philippines. With the country having high devotion to Christianity, conversations about sex, sexuality, and sex education are considered inappropriate and sinful. This paper narrates the overview and reflections on a webinar program of occupational therapy students in Pampanga about the relevance of sex education in the youth, school, the occupational therapy profession, and the community. Sex education was discussed in a way that is not limited to sexual intercourse but covered how individual views and expresses themselves through their sexuality. Challenges such as providing sexuality education among children and youth should be provided to decrease teenage pregnancy and sex-related diseases. Schools, families, healthcare institutions, and communities should also be open about sex education to reduce experiences of negative mental health outcomes due to religious prejudice and biases and help the young generation to have lifelong healthy decisions about their sexual and reproductive health.","PeriodicalId":34783,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Social Health and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135165350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manoj Sharma, Meena Sehgal, Ram Lakhan, V. Nahar, Amanda Wilkerson, Micajah Daniels, A. Kanekar, M. A. Ford
Background: In 2022, about 25% of U.S. adults reported engaging in no leisure-time physical activity, and among those who reported being physically active, only 24% engaged in enough physical activity to meet both aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity guidelines. Physical inactivity has been linked to a higher risk of all-cause mortality, numerous chronic diseases, and negative mental health outcomes such as anxiety and depression. Physical inactive behavior is influenced by individual and environmental influences and becomes more acute in college students. Objectives: In this study, we deploy a novel behavioral model called Perfection Quotient (PQ) and its components/ constructs Health Emotional Quotient (HEQ), Health X Quotient (HXQ), and Health Spiritual Quotient (HSQ) to explain the readiness to change for physical inactivity behavior in a sample of college students in Mississippi, USA. Methods: Cross-sectional study was undertaken at a public university in Mississippi. A random sample of 572 was drawn from 5,000 students from the university registrar’s list. A 37-item survey delivered via QualtricsTM online survey software was administered among students aged > 18 years. The survey included questions on the three constructs of PQ. The association between these three components and physical inactivity was assessed using binomial logistic regression. Results: Of the survey respondents 51.2% (n=293) reported intentions to change their physical inactivity behavior. The mean scores of the constructs of the PQ model were, HEQ = 29.81 units (SD = 5.74; observed and possible range: 0-40), HXQ = 23.67 units (SD = 4.67; observed range: 0-34; possible 0-36), HSQ = 17.78 units (SD = 4.93; observed and possible range: 0-24), PQ = 71.38 units (SD 12.18; observed range: 0-97; possible 0-100). HEQ with its components of self-awareness, mood management, and self-motivation had an odds ratio of 0.947 (95% CI: 0.905 to 0.992) and was marginally negatively associated with the likelihood of readiness to change physical inactivity behavior (p<0.02). HXQ with its components of cautiousness, independence, and competition had an odds ratio of 0.996 (95% CI: 0.944 to 1.051) and was not a significant predictor (p>0.05). HSQ with its components of self-love and love for others was marginally positively associated with the likelihood of readiness to change physical activity behavior (p<0.005) and had an odds ratio of 1.077 (95% CI: 1.022 to 1.135). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the three constructs of the PQ model need to evolve further, instrumentation augmented, and further longitudinal studies designed.
{"title":"College Students' Readiness to Change in Physical Inactivity Behavior using Perfection Quotient Behavioral Model","authors":"Manoj Sharma, Meena Sehgal, Ram Lakhan, V. Nahar, Amanda Wilkerson, Micajah Daniels, A. Kanekar, M. A. Ford","doi":"10.61072/j.osh.2023.521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61072/j.osh.2023.521","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In 2022, about 25% of U.S. adults reported engaging in no leisure-time physical activity, and among those who reported being physically active, only 24% engaged in enough physical activity to meet both aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity guidelines. Physical inactivity has been linked to a higher risk of all-cause mortality, numerous chronic diseases, and negative mental health outcomes such as anxiety and depression. Physical inactive behavior is influenced by individual and environmental influences and becomes more acute in college students. Objectives: In this study, we deploy a novel behavioral model called Perfection Quotient (PQ) and its components/ constructs Health Emotional Quotient (HEQ), Health X Quotient (HXQ), and Health Spiritual Quotient (HSQ) to explain the readiness to change for physical inactivity behavior in a sample of college students in Mississippi, USA. Methods: Cross-sectional study was undertaken at a public university in Mississippi. A random sample of 572 was drawn from 5,000 students from the university registrar’s list. A 37-item survey delivered via QualtricsTM online survey software was administered among students aged > 18 years. The survey included questions on the three constructs of PQ. The association between these three components and physical inactivity was assessed using binomial logistic regression. Results: Of the survey respondents 51.2% (n=293) reported intentions to change their physical inactivity behavior. The mean scores of the constructs of the PQ model were, HEQ = 29.81 units (SD = 5.74; observed and possible range: 0-40), HXQ = 23.67 units (SD = 4.67; observed range: 0-34; possible 0-36), HSQ = 17.78 units (SD = 4.93; observed and possible range: 0-24), PQ = 71.38 units (SD 12.18; observed range: 0-97; possible 0-100). HEQ with its components of self-awareness, mood management, and self-motivation had an odds ratio of 0.947 (95% CI: 0.905 to 0.992) and was marginally negatively associated with the likelihood of readiness to change physical inactivity behavior (p<0.02). HXQ with its components of cautiousness, independence, and competition had an odds ratio of 0.996 (95% CI: 0.944 to 1.051) and was not a significant predictor (p>0.05). HSQ with its components of self-love and love for others was marginally positively associated with the likelihood of readiness to change physical activity behavior (p<0.005) and had an odds ratio of 1.077 (95% CI: 1.022 to 1.135). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the three constructs of the PQ model need to evolve further, instrumentation augmented, and further longitudinal studies designed.","PeriodicalId":34783,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Social Health and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84882435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
April Joy Gascon, Jem Patrice Alfonso, Alyanna Joy Almonte, Alyssa Kyla Amor, Edwin Atabay, Lilian Kyla Bahulay, Christian Baldonado, Francine Baldueza, Juvy Banaria
Background: In response to the surge of COVID-19 cases in the Philippines, Bayanihan E-Konsulta (BEK) was launched to provide free teleconsultation services. As healthcare started shifting online to respond to the public’s health needs, there was little understanding of the beneficiary experience during their remote interaction with the healthcare provider and its related services. With this, the study aimed to describe the presence experience and valued service processes among the beneficiaries of BEK. Methods: One hundred seventy-five posts and tweets from Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram were gathered using search terms relating to BEK and hashtags from April 2021 to May 2022. After the exclusion of irrelevant data, data that do not contain the following criteria: 1) Date of posting: April 5, 2021, to May 31, 2022; 2) Location: Philippines; and 3) written in Filipino or English language, direct and thematic content analyses were conducted to determine the beneficiaries’ experience and valued service process with BEK. Findings: This directed analysis uncovered that beneficiaries highlighted Operational Presence the most in their BEK-related posts, followed by Clinical Presence, Social Presence, and Therapeutic Presence. Subsequently, the thematic analysis surfaced the four most valued service process themes: chatbot-aided assessment, immediate volunteer response, comprehensive medical attention, and empathetic care and concern. Conclusion: This study emphasized the services to which the beneficiaries of Bayanihan E-Konsulta hold high regard, specifically the important role of quick response, efficient service, and client-centered approaches that created a comfortable and accessible setting for receiving and rendering care. The findings may help teleconsultation and other healthcare service providers understand how to enhance their service processes for better service delivery, patient health outcomes, and satisfaction.
{"title":"Content Analysis of Social Media Posts about the Bayanihan e-Konsulta Program during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case in the Philippines","authors":"April Joy Gascon, Jem Patrice Alfonso, Alyanna Joy Almonte, Alyssa Kyla Amor, Edwin Atabay, Lilian Kyla Bahulay, Christian Baldonado, Francine Baldueza, Juvy Banaria","doi":"10.61072/j.osh.2023.523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61072/j.osh.2023.523","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In response to the surge of COVID-19 cases in the Philippines, Bayanihan E-Konsulta (BEK) was launched to provide free teleconsultation services. As healthcare started shifting online to respond to the public’s health needs, there was little understanding of the beneficiary experience during their remote interaction with the healthcare provider and its related services. With this, the study aimed to describe the presence experience and valued service processes among the beneficiaries of BEK. Methods: One hundred seventy-five posts and tweets from Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram were gathered using search terms relating to BEK and hashtags from April 2021 to May 2022. After the exclusion of irrelevant data, data that do not contain the following criteria: 1) Date of posting: April 5, 2021, to May 31, 2022; 2) Location: Philippines; and 3) written in Filipino or English language, direct and thematic content analyses were conducted to determine the beneficiaries’ experience and valued service process with BEK. Findings: This directed analysis uncovered that beneficiaries highlighted Operational Presence the most in their BEK-related posts, followed by Clinical Presence, Social Presence, and Therapeutic Presence. Subsequently, the thematic analysis surfaced the four most valued service process themes: chatbot-aided assessment, immediate volunteer response, comprehensive medical attention, and empathetic care and concern. Conclusion: This study emphasized the services to which the beneficiaries of Bayanihan E-Konsulta hold high regard, specifically the important role of quick response, efficient service, and client-centered approaches that created a comfortable and accessible setting for receiving and rendering care. The findings may help teleconsultation and other healthcare service providers understand how to enhance their service processes for better service delivery, patient health outcomes, and satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":34783,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Social Health and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135165151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-15DOI: 10.61072/.j.osh.2023.522
S. Rogus, Kathryn Coakley, Diana Gonzalez-Pacheco, Shadai Martin
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic affected health, the economy, and the food system across the United States (U.S.). This cross-sectional study examined the impacts of household income and job loss on food insecurity and food-related challenges among a sample of New Mexico residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The study was conducted by fielding an online survey from May through June 2020. Study participants were recruited via convenience sampling to complete a survey that included questions assessing job and/or household income loss, food insecurity, food-related challenges and worries, and strategies for acquiring food during COVID-19. The analysis included a series of multivariable logistic regressions that estimated the impact of household income and job loss on food insecurity, food-related worry and challenges, and strategies used to acquire enough food and food sources. Nine hundred and fifty-four respondents were included in the analysis. Results: Compared to no job disruption, job loss increased the odds of experiencing food insecurity, two out of three food-related challenges, food-related worry, participation in SNAP, and use of most (six out of eight) strategies to obtain enough food. Compared to no job disruption, a reduction in household income significantly increased the odds of experiencing food insecurity, all three food-related challenges, food-related worry, utilization of group meal services, growing their own food, and use of most (six out of eight) strategies to obtain enough food. Conclusion: Future research should continue to examine the economic impacts of COVID-19 on food access. Lessons learned during the pandemic can inform policy responses to future public health emergencies.
{"title":"Food Insecurity, Challenges, and Strategies among New Mexicans Experiencing Job Disruptions during COVID-19: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"S. Rogus, Kathryn Coakley, Diana Gonzalez-Pacheco, Shadai Martin","doi":"10.61072/.j.osh.2023.522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.61072/.j.osh.2023.522","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The COVID-19 pandemic affected health, the economy, and the food system across the United States (U.S.). This cross-sectional study examined the impacts of household income and job loss on food insecurity and food-related challenges among a sample of New Mexico residents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The study was conducted by fielding an online survey from May through June 2020. Study participants were recruited via convenience sampling to complete a survey that included questions assessing job and/or household income loss, food insecurity, food-related challenges and worries, and strategies for acquiring food during COVID-19. The analysis included a series of multivariable logistic regressions that estimated the impact of household income and job loss on food insecurity, food-related worry and challenges, and strategies used to acquire enough food and food sources. Nine hundred and fifty-four respondents were included in the analysis. Results: Compared to no job disruption, job loss increased the odds of experiencing food insecurity, two out of three food-related challenges, food-related worry, participation in SNAP, and use of most (six out of eight) strategies to obtain enough food. Compared to no job disruption, a reduction in household income significantly increased the odds of experiencing food insecurity, all three food-related challenges, food-related worry, utilization of group meal services, growing their own food, and use of most (six out of eight) strategies to obtain enough food. Conclusion: Future research should continue to examine the economic impacts of COVID-19 on food access. Lessons learned during the pandemic can inform policy responses to future public health emergencies.","PeriodicalId":34783,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Social Health and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72534625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Using social networking sites (SNS) is an effective way to improve senior citizens' quality of life (QOL). However, SNS usage among senior citizens is relatively low compared to the younger generation. Accordingly, this study aims to identify the factors associated with SNS usage among senior citizens and its relationship with QOL. A conceptual framework combining the technology acceptance model and the subjective norm was proposed. Methods: Purposive sampling and cross-sectional survey methods were used to recruit 214 senior citizens. Results: The results supported the predictions: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and subjective norms are positively associated with intention to use SNS, and intention to use SNS mediates the effects of these predictors on SNS usage. Besides, SNS usage is positively associated with QOL. Conclusion: Based on the findings, promoting SNS usage among senior citizens should include an SNS that is easier for them and a program to encourage their significant others to use SNS with senior citizens.
{"title":"Social networking sites usage and quality of life among senior citizens","authors":"P. Siah, C. Ooi, W. Zaman, S. Low","doi":"10.4103/shb.shb_138_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/shb.shb_138_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Using social networking sites (SNS) is an effective way to improve senior citizens' quality of life (QOL). However, SNS usage among senior citizens is relatively low compared to the younger generation. Accordingly, this study aims to identify the factors associated with SNS usage among senior citizens and its relationship with QOL. A conceptual framework combining the technology acceptance model and the subjective norm was proposed. Methods: Purposive sampling and cross-sectional survey methods were used to recruit 214 senior citizens. Results: The results supported the predictions: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and subjective norms are positively associated with intention to use SNS, and intention to use SNS mediates the effects of these predictors on SNS usage. Besides, SNS usage is positively associated with QOL. Conclusion: Based on the findings, promoting SNS usage among senior citizens should include an SNS that is easier for them and a program to encourage their significant others to use SNS with senior citizens.","PeriodicalId":34783,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Social Health and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41618997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Policymakers and academics have explored the behavioral approach in their attempts to explain and address the socioeconomic disparities in adolescents' oral health. However, evidence regarding this issue is scarce in the Korean adolescent population. This study aimed to examine whether socioeconomic status is associated with dental caries and whether oral health-related behaviors (OHRBs) explain or moderate the hypothesized association in Korean adolescents. Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2016 to 2019. Adolescents (n = 1062) aged 13–18 years were included in the analysis. The association between income and untreated decayed permanent teeth (DT) was investigated, focusing on the intermediary roles of OHRBs, using hierarchical negative binomial regression models. Results: Higher income (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.70, P < 0.001), regular breakfast intake (IRR 0.64, P < 0.001), higher fruit and vegetable consumption (IRR 0.93, P < 0.001), preventive dental check-ups (IRR 0.84, P < 0.001), and frequent toothbrushing (IRR 0.73, P < 0.001) were associated with lower DT. The income-DT association remained significant and its magnitude was only slightly attenuated, after adjusting for OHRBs (IRR 0.74, P < 0.001). Significant interaction effects were found between income and each OHRB on DT (all with P < 0.001), and interaction patterns differed by behavior type: The income-DT association was stronger in the presence of unfavorable dietary-and favorable dental care-behaviors. Conclusion: The study findings suggested that adolescent oral health equity interventions should prioritize the structural approach and give more thorough consideration to the interactions between socioeconomic and behavioral factors.
{"title":"Socioeconomic disparities in adolescents' caries prevalence: Do oral health-related behaviors play intermediary roles?","authors":"S. Cho","doi":"10.4103/shb.shb_228_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/shb.shb_228_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Policymakers and academics have explored the behavioral approach in their attempts to explain and address the socioeconomic disparities in adolescents' oral health. However, evidence regarding this issue is scarce in the Korean adolescent population. This study aimed to examine whether socioeconomic status is associated with dental caries and whether oral health-related behaviors (OHRBs) explain or moderate the hypothesized association in Korean adolescents. Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2016 to 2019. Adolescents (n = 1062) aged 13–18 years were included in the analysis. The association between income and untreated decayed permanent teeth (DT) was investigated, focusing on the intermediary roles of OHRBs, using hierarchical negative binomial regression models. Results: Higher income (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.70, P < 0.001), regular breakfast intake (IRR 0.64, P < 0.001), higher fruit and vegetable consumption (IRR 0.93, P < 0.001), preventive dental check-ups (IRR 0.84, P < 0.001), and frequent toothbrushing (IRR 0.73, P < 0.001) were associated with lower DT. The income-DT association remained significant and its magnitude was only slightly attenuated, after adjusting for OHRBs (IRR 0.74, P < 0.001). Significant interaction effects were found between income and each OHRB on DT (all with P < 0.001), and interaction patterns differed by behavior type: The income-DT association was stronger in the presence of unfavorable dietary-and favorable dental care-behaviors. Conclusion: The study findings suggested that adolescent oral health equity interventions should prioritize the structural approach and give more thorough consideration to the interactions between socioeconomic and behavioral factors.","PeriodicalId":34783,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Social Health and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48308637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Hashemi, Mehrnoosh Jasemzadeh, N. Saki, B. Cheraghian, Sara Sarvandian, Ali Montazeri, Maedeh Raeisizadeh, M. Araban
Introduction: The relationship between social factors and diabetes has mainly been studied in developed countries. Few studies investigated the relationship between social factors and diabetes in developing countries. This study aimed to identify the social factors affecting diabetes in the population covered by the Hoveyzeh Cohort Study (HCS) in Iran. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis conducted on the participants of the HCS (recruited from May 2016 to August 2018), in Iran. The desired information included age, sex, marital status, education, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, Townsend deprivation index, and wealth index and their relation to diabetes. A logistic regression model was used to explore the data. Results: In all, the data from 10,009 adults aged from 35 to 70 years were analyzed. Of these, 2226 were diabetic and 7783 were nondiabetic. The results of multiple logistics indicated significant associations between age, physical activity, BMI, and diabetes status. In addition, the analysis showed that people who reside in most affluent areas (odds ratio [OR] = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21–1.60) and individuals who reside in affluent areas (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.08–1.46] were more likely to experience a higher risk of diabetes compared to those who live in most deprived areas. Conclusion: The findings showed that people with older age, lower physical activity, higher BMI, and affluent background were more likely to develop diabetes. Future studies are needed to confirm such an observation. Perhaps social class might play different roles in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Health promotion interventions to reduce diabetes should incorporate socioeconomic situations in their plans in a deprived area like Hoveyzeh, Iran.
{"title":"Social determinants of health and diabetes: Results from a cohort study in Iran","authors":"S. Hashemi, Mehrnoosh Jasemzadeh, N. Saki, B. Cheraghian, Sara Sarvandian, Ali Montazeri, Maedeh Raeisizadeh, M. Araban","doi":"10.4103/shb.shb_213_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/shb.shb_213_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The relationship between social factors and diabetes has mainly been studied in developed countries. Few studies investigated the relationship between social factors and diabetes in developing countries. This study aimed to identify the social factors affecting diabetes in the population covered by the Hoveyzeh Cohort Study (HCS) in Iran. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis conducted on the participants of the HCS (recruited from May 2016 to August 2018), in Iran. The desired information included age, sex, marital status, education, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, Townsend deprivation index, and wealth index and their relation to diabetes. A logistic regression model was used to explore the data. Results: In all, the data from 10,009 adults aged from 35 to 70 years were analyzed. Of these, 2226 were diabetic and 7783 were nondiabetic. The results of multiple logistics indicated significant associations between age, physical activity, BMI, and diabetes status. In addition, the analysis showed that people who reside in most affluent areas (odds ratio [OR] = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21–1.60) and individuals who reside in affluent areas (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.08–1.46] were more likely to experience a higher risk of diabetes compared to those who live in most deprived areas. Conclusion: The findings showed that people with older age, lower physical activity, higher BMI, and affluent background were more likely to develop diabetes. Future studies are needed to confirm such an observation. Perhaps social class might play different roles in low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Health promotion interventions to reduce diabetes should incorporate socioeconomic situations in their plans in a deprived area like Hoveyzeh, Iran.","PeriodicalId":34783,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Social Health and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48457081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Maternal mortality remains a public health issue in developing countries, with rural areas having higher rates as compared to the urban areas. Since effective utilization of maternal health-care services has the potential to reduce maternal mortality, this study measures the factors contributing to the existing rural − urban differences in the utilization of maternal healthcare services in Tanzania. Methods: We used Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey 2015/2016 data. Multi-stage stratified sampling was used to select the study participants and we estimated a Fairlie decomposition to understand the factors that contribute to inequality in maternal health-care services utilization between the rural and urban areas in Tanzania using Stata 17. Results: The study findings revealed a considerably wide rural-urban disparity in the utilization of maternal health-care services. As the findings indicated, household wealth status is the major factor for that disparity. Other factors are women's exposure to the media, women's working status, and distance from the homesteads to the health facilities. Conclusion: Therefore, any policy geared toward bridging the gap between the rural and urban areas in the utilization of maternal health-care services should focus on empowering women in terms of household economic status, media exposure, and employment.
{"title":"What explains the rural − Urban inequalities in maternal health services utilization in tanzania? A fairlie decomposition analysis","authors":"Magashi J. Ntegwa, Evaline G Mcharo, Joseph Mlay","doi":"10.4103/shb.shb_5_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/shb.shb_5_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Maternal mortality remains a public health issue in developing countries, with rural areas having higher rates as compared to the urban areas. Since effective utilization of maternal health-care services has the potential to reduce maternal mortality, this study measures the factors contributing to the existing rural − urban differences in the utilization of maternal healthcare services in Tanzania. Methods: We used Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey 2015/2016 data. Multi-stage stratified sampling was used to select the study participants and we estimated a Fairlie decomposition to understand the factors that contribute to inequality in maternal health-care services utilization between the rural and urban areas in Tanzania using Stata 17. Results: The study findings revealed a considerably wide rural-urban disparity in the utilization of maternal health-care services. As the findings indicated, household wealth status is the major factor for that disparity. Other factors are women's exposure to the media, women's working status, and distance from the homesteads to the health facilities. Conclusion: Therefore, any policy geared toward bridging the gap between the rural and urban areas in the utilization of maternal health-care services should focus on empowering women in terms of household economic status, media exposure, and employment.","PeriodicalId":34783,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Social Health and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48329031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi-Ling Hu, Chih-Cheng Chang, C. Lee, Chieh-hsiu Liu, Yi-Jung Chen, Jian-An Su, Chung-Ying Lin, M. Griffiths
Introduction: The associations between affiliate stigma, caregiving burden, psychological distress, and quality of life (QoL) among family caregivers of people living with dementia (PwD) have been demonstrated in the literature. However, there is a dearth of literature regarding how these factors could form a psychological mechanism. The present study proposed a theoretical model to portray the relationships between these factors. Methods: Utilizing convenience sampling and cross-sectional study design, 275 family caregivers (145 females [52.7%]; mean age = 52.71 years) were recruited from a general hospital from October 2013 to September 2014. Each participant completed the following instruments in a quiet room in the general hospital without disturbance: Caregiver Burden Inventory, World Health Organization QoL Questionnaire-Brief, Affiliate Stigma Scale, and Beck Anxiety Inventory alongside the Taiwan Depression Questionnaire (assessing psychological distress). Structural equation modeling was used to examine the proposed theoretical model. Results: Affiliate stigma (standardized coefficient [β] = −0.338; P = 0.011) and psychological distress (β = −0.538; P < 0.001) were negatively associated with QoL, caregiving burden was positively associated with psychological distress (β = 0.818; P < 0.001), and affiliate stigma was positively associated with caregiving burden (β = 0.793; P < 0.001). Moreover, a significant mediated effect was observed between affiliate stigma and QoL via sequential mediators of caregiving burden and psychological distress (unstandardized coefficient = −1.17 and 95% confidence interval = −1.88, −0.46). Conclusion: Affiliate stigma, caregiving burden, and psychological distress are key factors contributing to low QoL among family caregivers of PwD. Health-care providers should design programs to help reduce affiliate stigma, caregiving burden, and psychological distress for family caregivers of PwD to facilitate their QoL.
{"title":"Associations between Affiliate Stigma and Quality of Life among Caregivers of Individuals with Dementia: Mediated Roles of Caregiving Burden and Psychological Distress","authors":"Yi-Ling Hu, Chih-Cheng Chang, C. Lee, Chieh-hsiu Liu, Yi-Jung Chen, Jian-An Su, Chung-Ying Lin, M. Griffiths","doi":"10.4103/shb.shb_67_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/shb.shb_67_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The associations between affiliate stigma, caregiving burden, psychological distress, and quality of life (QoL) among family caregivers of people living with dementia (PwD) have been demonstrated in the literature. However, there is a dearth of literature regarding how these factors could form a psychological mechanism. The present study proposed a theoretical model to portray the relationships between these factors. Methods: Utilizing convenience sampling and cross-sectional study design, 275 family caregivers (145 females [52.7%]; mean age = 52.71 years) were recruited from a general hospital from October 2013 to September 2014. Each participant completed the following instruments in a quiet room in the general hospital without disturbance: Caregiver Burden Inventory, World Health Organization QoL Questionnaire-Brief, Affiliate Stigma Scale, and Beck Anxiety Inventory alongside the Taiwan Depression Questionnaire (assessing psychological distress). Structural equation modeling was used to examine the proposed theoretical model. Results: Affiliate stigma (standardized coefficient [β] = −0.338; P = 0.011) and psychological distress (β = −0.538; P < 0.001) were negatively associated with QoL, caregiving burden was positively associated with psychological distress (β = 0.818; P < 0.001), and affiliate stigma was positively associated with caregiving burden (β = 0.793; P < 0.001). Moreover, a significant mediated effect was observed between affiliate stigma and QoL via sequential mediators of caregiving burden and psychological distress (unstandardized coefficient = −1.17 and 95% confidence interval = −1.88, −0.46). Conclusion: Affiliate stigma, caregiving burden, and psychological distress are key factors contributing to low QoL among family caregivers of PwD. Health-care providers should design programs to help reduce affiliate stigma, caregiving burden, and psychological distress for family caregivers of PwD to facilitate their QoL.","PeriodicalId":34783,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Social Health and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47663664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Atashi, Sepideh Mohammadi, Z. Salehi, Zahra Shafiei, Mitra Savabi-Esfahani, Kobra Salehi
Introduction: COVID-19 has widely affected the health and care of people with chronic diseases, especially those with breast cancer. Because the health status of women with breast cancer in Iran has been unknown during the COVID-19 outbreak, we aimed to explore the challenges related to care of Iranian women with breast cancer during this pandemic. Methods: Using the qualitative content analysis design, 31 semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted from September 2020 to January 2021, with purposefully selected participants including 17 women with breast cancer, 7 health-care providers, and 7 family caregivers. Data were analyzed using the conventional content analysis. Results: Challenges related to health care for Iranian women with breast cancer can be classified into ten subcategories and three main categories. “Lack of specific functional and information resources,” “Limited equipment and active medical centers,” and “Intensification of the chemotherapy drug crisis” comprised the main category of “Inefficiency of care and treatment services.” “Lack of access to family caregiver,” “Ignoring the psychological burden imposed on patients,” and “Inadequate financial support from insurance organizations” were categorized as “Inadequate patient support.” “Avoiding receiving timely and appropriate treatment and care,” “Failure to accept self-responsibility for health,” “Misconceptions about COVID-19,” and “Ignoring breast cancer in the COVID-19 pandemic” comprised the subcategories of “ineffective self-care.” Conclusion: The present study provided a new understanding of the challenges regarding the health status of women with breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings could be used to develop effective interventions.
{"title":"Challenges related to health care for Iranian women with breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study","authors":"V. Atashi, Sepideh Mohammadi, Z. Salehi, Zahra Shafiei, Mitra Savabi-Esfahani, Kobra Salehi","doi":"10.4103/shb.shb_205_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/shb.shb_205_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: COVID-19 has widely affected the health and care of people with chronic diseases, especially those with breast cancer. Because the health status of women with breast cancer in Iran has been unknown during the COVID-19 outbreak, we aimed to explore the challenges related to care of Iranian women with breast cancer during this pandemic. Methods: Using the qualitative content analysis design, 31 semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted from September 2020 to January 2021, with purposefully selected participants including 17 women with breast cancer, 7 health-care providers, and 7 family caregivers. Data were analyzed using the conventional content analysis. Results: Challenges related to health care for Iranian women with breast cancer can be classified into ten subcategories and three main categories. “Lack of specific functional and information resources,” “Limited equipment and active medical centers,” and “Intensification of the chemotherapy drug crisis” comprised the main category of “Inefficiency of care and treatment services.” “Lack of access to family caregiver,” “Ignoring the psychological burden imposed on patients,” and “Inadequate financial support from insurance organizations” were categorized as “Inadequate patient support.” “Avoiding receiving timely and appropriate treatment and care,” “Failure to accept self-responsibility for health,” “Misconceptions about COVID-19,” and “Ignoring breast cancer in the COVID-19 pandemic” comprised the subcategories of “ineffective self-care.” Conclusion: The present study provided a new understanding of the challenges regarding the health status of women with breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings could be used to develop effective interventions.","PeriodicalId":34783,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Social Health and Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46791135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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