The birth of a new journal is usually a cause for singular rejoicing and anticipation. On this occasion, however, the moment is steeped in melancholy with the recent passing of Professor Avijit Lahiri, the journal’s founder. He lived life to the full. Avijit touched countless friends and colleagues with his support, kindness and mentorship. At the same time, he was a pioneer in cardiodiabetes, an excellent clinician and an outstanding academic mind. In short, he was a trailblazer. His accomplishments are too numerous to list but ranged from playing the key role in the development of nuclear cardiac imaging as well as being a Founder President of the International Congress of Nuclear Cardiology to the creation of the British Cardiac Research Trust. He introduced cardiac CT to the UK and contributed to practice-changing guideline committees on cardiac imaging in diabetes.
{"title":"Editorial V1 N1","authors":"R. De Palma","doi":"10.52964/ijcd.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52964/ijcd.0001","url":null,"abstract":"The birth of a new journal is usually a cause for singular rejoicing and anticipation. On this occasion, however, the moment is steeped in melancholy with the recent passing of Professor Avijit Lahiri, the journal’s founder. He lived life to the full. Avijit touched countless friends and colleagues with his support, kindness and mentorship. At the same time, he was a pioneer in cardiodiabetes, an excellent clinician and an outstanding academic mind. In short, he was a trailblazer. His accomplishments are too numerous to list but ranged from playing the key role in the development of nuclear cardiac imaging as well as being a Founder President of the International Congress of Nuclear Cardiology to the creation of the British Cardiac Research Trust. He introduced cardiac CT to the UK and contributed to practice-changing guideline committees on cardiac imaging in diabetes.","PeriodicalId":348058,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of cardiodiabetes","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127703453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cyc Guo, A. Kinninger, S. Roy, I. Golub, VR Muller, A. Johanis, J. Luce, M. Budoff
Background and aims Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring is a method of measure coronary plaque burden and has been shown as an excellent predictor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an established risk factor for ASCVD, but a certain portion of patients with DM do not have CAC (score = 0). We conducted a study to identify predictors of the CAC score other than DM and to compare distributions of the score between populations with and without DM. Methods We included participants who were referred to receive CAC scanning at a large imaging center from July 1992 to July 2020. The distribution of the CAC scores and baseline characteristics were compared between participants with and without DM. Univariate logistic regressions followed by multivariate analysis were performed using CAC score > 0 as outcome to identify independent factors contributing to the score. Results A total of 35,086 participants (mean age 58.9 ± 11.9 years, 63% male, 69% white) were included in the analysis. Of them, 11.8% had DM, 56% had hyperlipidemia, 38% had hypertension, and 7% were current smokers. A higher proportion of participants in the DM group had CAC score > 0 (82% vs 62%, p <0.01), but a substantial portion (18%) of DM patients had no CAC. Distribution of CAC score was also variable among participants with and without DM. Multivariate analysis showed that DM, age, male, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and smoking were all independent predictors of CAC, and DM was associated with the second highest odds ratio (2.05, 95% confidence interval 1.87- 2.25) behind male (4.55, 95% confidence interval 4.17-4.76). Conclusions While DM was the second strongest predictor of CAC, nearly one fifth of persons with DM had no detectable CAC. Among DM patients, there is significant heterogeneity of scores, so an individualized approach to primary prevention for these patients is warranted.
背景和目的冠状动脉钙(CAC)评分是一种测量冠状动脉斑块负荷的方法，已被证明是动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)的良好预测指标。糖尿病(DM)是ASCVD的一个确定的危险因素，但一部分DM患者没有CAC(评分= 0)。我们进行了一项研究，以确定除DM以外的CAC评分的预测因素，并比较有和没有DM的人群之间的评分分布。方法我们纳入了1992年7月至2020年7月在一家大型成像中心接受CAC扫描的参与者。比较患有和不患有糖尿病的参与者的CAC评分和基线特征的分布。以CAC评分> 0为结果进行单因素logistic回归，然后进行多因素分析，以确定影响评分的独立因素。结果共纳入35086例患者，平均年龄58.9±11.9岁，男性63%，白人69%。其中，11.8%患有糖尿病，56%患有高脂血症，38%患有高血压，7%目前是吸烟者。DM组中CAC评分> 0的参与者比例较高(82% vs 62%， p <0.01)，但相当一部分(18%)DM患者没有CAC。多因素分析显示，糖尿病、年龄、男性、高脂血症、高血压和吸烟都是CAC的独立预测因素，糖尿病的比值比(2.05,95%可信区间1.87- 2.25)仅次于男性(4.55,95%可信区间4.17-4.76)。结论:虽然糖尿病是CAC的第二大预测因子，但近五分之一的糖尿病患者没有检测到CAC。在糖尿病患者中，得分存在显著的异质性，因此对这些患者采取个体化的一级预防方法是有必要的。
{"title":"Predictors for coronary artery calcium score and differences in its distributions between populations with and without diabetes","authors":"Cyc Guo, A. Kinninger, S. Roy, I. Golub, VR Muller, A. Johanis, J. Luce, M. Budoff","doi":"10.52964/ijcd.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52964/ijcd.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aims Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring is a method of measure coronary plaque burden and has been shown as an excellent predictor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an established risk factor for ASCVD, but a certain portion of patients with DM do not have CAC (score = 0). We conducted a study to identify predictors of the CAC score other than DM and to compare distributions of the score between populations with and without DM. Methods We included participants who were referred to receive CAC scanning at a large imaging center from July 1992 to July 2020. The distribution of the CAC scores and baseline characteristics were compared between participants with and without DM. Univariate logistic regressions followed by multivariate analysis were performed using CAC score > 0 as outcome to identify independent factors contributing to the score. Results A total of 35,086 participants (mean age 58.9 ± 11.9 years, 63% male, 69% white) were included in the analysis. Of them, 11.8% had DM, 56% had hyperlipidemia, 38% had hypertension, and 7% were current smokers. A higher proportion of participants in the DM group had CAC score > 0 (82% vs 62%, p <0.01), but a substantial portion (18%) of DM patients had no CAC. Distribution of CAC score was also variable among participants with and without DM. Multivariate analysis showed that DM, age, male, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and smoking were all independent predictors of CAC, and DM was associated with the second highest odds ratio (2.05, 95% confidence interval 1.87- 2.25) behind male (4.55, 95% confidence interval 4.17-4.76). Conclusions While DM was the second strongest predictor of CAC, nearly one fifth of persons with DM had no detectable CAC. Among DM patients, there is significant heterogeneity of scores, so an individualized approach to primary prevention for these patients is warranted.","PeriodicalId":348058,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of cardiodiabetes","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131007646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Certain antidiabetic therapies have adverse cardiovascular (CV) consequences. The recommendations for CV safety studies for new antidiabetic therapies led to the discovery that the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have benefits in heart failure (HF) management. Mounting evidence from large, international, randomized, placebo-controlled trials have consistently demonstrated a reduction in hospitalizations for heart failure (HHF) among populations with type 2 diabetes or with HF with reduced ejection fraction. In vitro, animal and human studies have attempted to identify the cardioprotective mechanisms of SGLT2is, although these are not yet clearly defined. This review will summarize the major SGLT2i trials, which have resulted in valuable additions to CV care that are expected to significantly reduce both incident HF and established HF progression.
{"title":"Prevention and Management of Heart Failure: Role of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Patients With and Without Diabetes","authors":"A. Kherlopian, T. Doctorian, JE Udelson, AR Vest","doi":"10.52964/ijcd.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52964/ijcd.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Certain antidiabetic therapies have adverse cardiovascular (CV) consequences. The recommendations for CV safety studies for new antidiabetic therapies led to the discovery that the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have benefits in heart failure (HF) management. Mounting evidence from large, international, randomized, placebo-controlled trials have consistently demonstrated a reduction in hospitalizations for heart failure (HHF) among populations with type 2 diabetes or with HF with reduced ejection fraction. In vitro, animal and human studies have attempted to identify the cardioprotective mechanisms of SGLT2is, although these are not yet clearly defined. This review will summarize the major SGLT2i trials, which have resulted in valuable additions to CV care that are expected to significantly reduce both incident HF and established HF progression.","PeriodicalId":348058,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of cardiodiabetes","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121534930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grigory A Manyak, Nidhi H Patel, M. Teklu, Nehal N Mehta
Cardiometabolic disease encompasses a variety of metabolic dysfunctions including major public health issues such as insulin resistance, obesity, Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Inflammation drives the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disease in clinical, epidemiological, and translational models. T2DM is an established inflammatory condition with many cardiometabolic relationships and is often associated with dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. In this review, psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory disease, is used as a model to explain the relationship between systemic inflammation and the onset and progression of cardiometabolic disease in an effort to better understand T2DM. Future efforts should focus on developing CVD risk scores to reflect the importance of inflammatory states such as T2DM and its contribution to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
{"title":"Predictors for coronary artery calcium score and differences in its distributions between populations with and without diabetes","authors":"Grigory A Manyak, Nidhi H Patel, M. Teklu, Nehal N Mehta","doi":"10.52964/ijcd.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52964/ijcd.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiometabolic disease encompasses a variety of metabolic dysfunctions including major public health issues such as insulin resistance, obesity, Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM), and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Inflammation drives the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disease in clinical, epidemiological, and translational models. T2DM is an established inflammatory condition with many cardiometabolic relationships and is often associated with dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. In this review, psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory disease, is used as a model to explain the relationship between systemic inflammation and the onset and progression of cardiometabolic disease in an effort to better understand T2DM. Future efforts should focus on developing CVD risk scores to reflect the importance of inflammatory states such as T2DM and its contribution to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":348058,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of cardiodiabetes","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124365965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is a great honour to have been asked to write the foreward to the inaugural edition of The International Journal of cardiodiabetes. At such a time with the COVID Pandemic still raging in many parts of the world, one might reasonably ask why at this time we need to have yet another medical journal in addition to the numerous publications that already exist? However, it is precisely the mortality, morbidity, geographical spread, economic effects, social disruption and inequalities which the Pandemic has highlighted that merit an even wider view of the importance of global healthcare. Whilst COVID is a global communicable disease, diabetes mellitus is in many senses a non-communicable equivalent with an ever burgeoning significance.
{"title":"Foreward V1 N1","authors":"Lord Bilimoria of Chelsea","doi":"10.52964/ijcd.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52964/ijcd.0002","url":null,"abstract":"It is a great honour to have been asked to write the foreward to the inaugural edition of The International Journal of cardiodiabetes. At such a time with the COVID Pandemic still raging in many parts of the world, one might reasonably ask why at this time we need to have yet another medical journal in addition to the numerous publications that already exist? However, it is precisely the mortality, morbidity, geographical spread, economic effects, social disruption and inequalities which the Pandemic has highlighted that merit an even wider view of the importance of global healthcare. Whilst COVID is a global communicable disease, diabetes mellitus is in many senses a non-communicable equivalent with an ever burgeoning significance.","PeriodicalId":348058,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of cardiodiabetes","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134205519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Dwornik, Z. Khalique, R. Rajakulasingam, A. Scott, A. Azzu, PF Ferreira, S. Nielles-Vallespin, D. Pennell
Cardiomyopathies are defined as “myocardial disorders in which the heart muscle is structurally and functionally abnormal, in the absence of attributable coronary artery disease, hypertension, heart valve or congenital heart disease”. This is an aetiologically and clinically diverse group of conditions, sharing important characteristics such as risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and possible heritable nature. Accurate phenotyping is key to the diagnosis and management for both probands and their relatives. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is central in this process, offering comprehensive multi-parametric assessment, enabling not only accurate phenotyping, but also identifying prognostic risk markers. We review the key aspects of CMR technique and the diagnostic and risk stratification applications of CMR in cardiomyopathy.
{"title":"Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Cardiomyopathy","authors":"M. Dwornik, Z. Khalique, R. Rajakulasingam, A. Scott, A. Azzu, PF Ferreira, S. Nielles-Vallespin, D. Pennell","doi":"10.52964/ijcd.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52964/ijcd.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiomyopathies are defined as “myocardial disorders in which the heart muscle is structurally and functionally abnormal, in the absence of attributable coronary artery disease, hypertension, heart valve or congenital heart disease”. This is an aetiologically and clinically diverse group of conditions, sharing important characteristics such as risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and possible heritable nature. Accurate phenotyping is key to the diagnosis and management for both probands and their relatives. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is central in this process, offering comprehensive multi-parametric assessment, enabling not only accurate phenotyping, but also identifying prognostic risk markers. We review the key aspects of CMR technique and the diagnostic and risk stratification applications of CMR in cardiomyopathy.","PeriodicalId":348058,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of cardiodiabetes","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127673527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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