Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.19028/jtep.010.3.215-225
W. A. Winarko, N. Ilminnafik, Muh. Nurkoyim Kustanto, Dony Perdana
Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh orientasi medan magnet terhadap karakteristik nyala api pembakaran droplet Calophyllum Inophyllum. Saat ini, Indonesia masih mengembangkan CPO sebagai sumber bahan bakar terbarukan untuk menggantikan solar. Persoalannya, CPO dijadikan sebagai sumber pangan sehingga akan berdampak pada kelangkaan pangan. Bahan bakar yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah CCIO yang ditambah dengan variasi orientasi medan magnet S-U, U-S, S-S, U-U dan tanpa magnet. Volume droplet yang diuji 1,25-1,31 ml ditempatkan pada thermocouple type K 0,1 mm yang terletak di antara 2 magnet dengan intensitas 1,1 T. Karakteristik nyala api droplet meliputi kestabilan nyala api, ignition delay time, temperatur dan tinggi nyala api. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Medan magnet berperan meningkatkan kualitas pembakaran melalui perannya meningkatkan tumbukan antar molekul menjadi lebih kuat karena spin elektron yang dipercepat oleh medan magnet. Pengaruh tersebut dapat dilihat pada arah medan magnet U-S yang menghasilkan temperatur paling tinggi dan ignition delay time yang paling pendek. Ini karena arah kutub magnet berperan sebagai transport O2 dan H2O melintasi droplet sehingga reaksi yang dihasilkan mampu meningkatkan kualitas pembakaran. Sedangkan pada kutub magnet tolak S-S maupun U-U salah satu partikel akan bergerak keluar dari nyala api sehingga reaksi yang terjadi kurang maksimal. Dampaknya, partikel menjadi selaras sehingga menyebabkan ledakan mikro yang terjadi relatif lebik kecil.
{"title":"Peran Orientasi Medan Magnet Pada Karakteristik Nyala Api Droplet Calophyllum Inophyllum","authors":"W. A. Winarko, N. Ilminnafik, Muh. Nurkoyim Kustanto, Dony Perdana","doi":"10.19028/jtep.010.3.215-225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19028/jtep.010.3.215-225","url":null,"abstract":"Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh orientasi medan magnet terhadap karakteristik nyala api pembakaran droplet Calophyllum Inophyllum. Saat ini, Indonesia masih mengembangkan CPO sebagai sumber bahan bakar terbarukan untuk menggantikan solar. Persoalannya, CPO dijadikan sebagai sumber pangan sehingga akan berdampak pada kelangkaan pangan. Bahan bakar yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah CCIO yang ditambah dengan variasi orientasi medan magnet S-U, U-S, S-S, U-U dan tanpa magnet. Volume droplet yang diuji 1,25-1,31 ml ditempatkan pada thermocouple type K 0,1 mm yang terletak di antara 2 magnet dengan intensitas 1,1 T. Karakteristik nyala api droplet meliputi kestabilan nyala api, ignition delay time, temperatur dan tinggi nyala api. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Medan magnet berperan meningkatkan kualitas pembakaran melalui perannya meningkatkan tumbukan antar molekul menjadi lebih kuat karena spin elektron yang dipercepat oleh medan magnet. Pengaruh tersebut dapat dilihat pada arah medan magnet U-S yang menghasilkan temperatur paling tinggi dan ignition delay time yang paling pendek. Ini karena arah kutub magnet berperan sebagai transport O2 dan H2O melintasi droplet sehingga reaksi yang dihasilkan mampu meningkatkan kualitas pembakaran. Sedangkan pada kutub magnet tolak S-S maupun U-U salah satu partikel akan bergerak keluar dari nyala api sehingga reaksi yang terjadi kurang maksimal. Dampaknya, partikel menjadi selaras sehingga menyebabkan ledakan mikro yang terjadi relatif lebik kecil.","PeriodicalId":34810,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Tropis dan Biosistem","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78748819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.19028/jtep.010.3.240-252
Delvi Yanti, Khoirunnisa S, Rusnam, E. Stiyanto
Rice productivity is closely related to rice harvested area and cropping intensity. Remote sensing technology using MODIS MOD13A1 v006 image produces NDVI values that can be interpreted in analyzing the value of rice productivity. Gunung Talang District has a rice field area of 3,369 m2, which is one of the central rice areas in West Sumatra Province. This study aimed to determine the regression equation to estimate rice productivity in Gunung Talang District, Solok Regency using the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) algorithm. The NDVI data used to generate the regression equation was taken in the generative phase. From the results of data analysis, the regression equation for estimating rice productivity in Talang District, Solok Regency is y = 250.33x4 - 1493.3x3 + 2293.6x2 - 1353.9x + 281.13, where x is the NDVI value and y is the productivity value ( tons/ha). The test results of the model's validity are expressed in the value of NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency) is 0.66, which is categorized as adequate.
{"title":"ESTIMATION OF RICE PRODUCTIVITY USING THE NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX (NDVI) ALGORITHM (CASE STUDY OF GUNUNG TALANG DISTRICT, SOLOK REGENCY)","authors":"Delvi Yanti, Khoirunnisa S, Rusnam, E. Stiyanto","doi":"10.19028/jtep.010.3.240-252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19028/jtep.010.3.240-252","url":null,"abstract":"Rice productivity is closely related to rice harvested area and cropping intensity. Remote sensing technology using MODIS MOD13A1 v006 image produces NDVI values that can be interpreted in analyzing the value of rice productivity. Gunung Talang District has a rice field area of 3,369 m2, which is one of the central rice areas in West Sumatra Province. This study aimed to determine the regression equation to estimate rice productivity in Gunung Talang District, Solok Regency using the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) algorithm. The NDVI data used to generate the regression equation was taken in the generative phase. From the results of data analysis, the regression equation for estimating rice productivity in Talang District, Solok Regency is y = 250.33x4 - 1493.3x3 + 2293.6x2 - 1353.9x + 281.13, where x is the NDVI value and y is the productivity value ( tons/ha). The test results of the model's validity are expressed in the value of NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency) is 0.66, which is categorized as adequate.","PeriodicalId":34810,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Tropis dan Biosistem","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77620910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.19028/jtep.010.3.305-318
M. Astanto, L. O. Nelwan, E. Hartulistiyoso
Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan pengeringan dengan pembakaran tungku biomassa padat adalah dengan menyimpan panas yang sudah dihasilkan dari pembakaran tersebut kedalam batu basalt. Penelitian penyimpanan panas pada batu basalt ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik penyimpanan termal batu basalt yang menggunakan pembakaran biomassa pada berbagai konfigurasi aliran udara, laju pembakaran dan jarak alas tungku serta mengevaluasi kinerja sistem penyimpanan panas pada tungku biomassa untuk pengeringan gabah. Penelitian penyimpanan panas dilakukan dengan dua tahap yaitu charging dan discharging. Pada percobaan jarak alas tungku pembakaran dengan batu basalt 23 cm, untuk suhu outlet 40˚C diperoleh waktu discharging rata – rata sebesar 664 menit dan eifisiensi discharging sebesar 73,5%. Kemudian, untuk outlet suhu 45˚C, diperoleh waktu discharging rata – rata sebesar 452 menit dengan efisiensi discharging rata – rata sebesar 65,75%. Selanjutnya, sistem penyimpanan panas diaplikasikan untuk pengeringan gabah. Pada pengeringan 1, dengan suhu inlet rata – rata 45,52˚C dan kadar air awal gabah 22,82 %bb, dibutuhkan waktu pengeringan 360 menit untuk mencapai kadar air akhir 13,88 %bb dan konsumsi energi spesifik yang diperoleh sebesar 5,45 MJ/kg air yang diuapkan. Pada pengeringan 2, dengan suhu inlet rata – rata 41,37˚C dan kadar air awal 22,73 %bb, dibutuhkan waktu pengeringan 420 menit untuk mencapai kadar air akhir 13,40 %bb dan konsumsi energi spesifik yang diperoleh sebesar 5,31 MJ/kg air yang diuapkan. Kata kunci: Charging, discharging, batu basalt gabah, penyimpanan panas
通过燃烧凝固的生物量熔炉来增加干燥的一个方法是将燃烧产生的热量储存到玄武岩中。对玄武岩的热储存研究的目的是研究玄武岩的热储存特性，它利用不同类型的空气流动燃烧，燃烧速度和底座距离，并评估谷物干燥的生物燃料储存系统的性能。热储存研究涉及两个阶段的充电和充电。实验的高炉用石头垫玄武岩23厘米的距离,获得C出口温度40˚时间discharging——平第664万分钟,eifisiensi discharging高达73.5%。然后C的温度45˚网点,获得平均时间discharging——452万分钟的效率discharging平夷为平地65,75%大小。此外，热储存系统被用于谷物干燥。进口1、干燥的温度——平45.52˚C和早期bb 22,82 %的谷物水分,干燥时间360分钟才能到达最终水位13.88 %大小的bb和能源消耗所获得的具体5,45 MJ / kg diuapkan的水。进口2、干燥的温度——平41.37˚C和水位22.73 % bb,开始干燥420分钟才能到达最终水位13,40 %大小的bb和能源消耗所获得的具体5.31 MJ / kg diuapkan的水。关键词:Charging, discharging, basalt salt, hot save
{"title":"The Kajian Pengering Gabah Menggunakan Batu Basalt Sebagai Media Penyimpanan Panas Dari Pembakaran Biomassa","authors":"M. Astanto, L. O. Nelwan, E. Hartulistiyoso","doi":"10.19028/jtep.010.3.305-318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19028/jtep.010.3.305-318","url":null,"abstract":"Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan pengeringan dengan pembakaran tungku biomassa padat adalah dengan menyimpan panas yang sudah dihasilkan dari pembakaran tersebut kedalam batu basalt. Penelitian penyimpanan panas pada batu basalt ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik penyimpanan termal batu basalt yang menggunakan pembakaran biomassa pada berbagai konfigurasi aliran udara, laju pembakaran dan jarak alas tungku serta mengevaluasi kinerja sistem penyimpanan panas pada tungku biomassa untuk pengeringan gabah. Penelitian penyimpanan panas dilakukan dengan dua tahap yaitu charging dan discharging. Pada percobaan jarak alas tungku pembakaran dengan batu basalt 23 cm, untuk suhu outlet 40˚C diperoleh waktu discharging rata – rata sebesar 664 menit dan eifisiensi discharging sebesar 73,5%. Kemudian, untuk outlet suhu 45˚C, diperoleh waktu discharging rata – rata sebesar 452 menit dengan efisiensi discharging rata – rata sebesar 65,75%. Selanjutnya, sistem penyimpanan panas diaplikasikan untuk pengeringan gabah. Pada pengeringan 1, dengan suhu inlet rata – rata 45,52˚C dan kadar air awal gabah 22,82 %bb, dibutuhkan waktu pengeringan 360 menit untuk mencapai kadar air akhir 13,88 %bb dan konsumsi energi spesifik yang diperoleh sebesar 5,45 MJ/kg air yang diuapkan. Pada pengeringan 2, dengan suhu inlet rata – rata 41,37˚C dan kadar air awal 22,73 %bb, dibutuhkan waktu pengeringan 420 menit untuk mencapai kadar air akhir 13,40 %bb dan konsumsi energi spesifik yang diperoleh sebesar 5,31 MJ/kg air yang diuapkan. \u0000Kata kunci: Charging, discharging, batu basalt gabah, penyimpanan panas","PeriodicalId":34810,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Tropis dan Biosistem","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75440333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.19028/jtep.010.3.268-280
Ahmad Thoriq, Lukito Hasta Pratopo, Rizky Mulya Sampurno, Syauqi Hisyam Shafiyullah
Suhu dan kelembaban tanah merupakan faktor penting bagi pertumbuhan tanaman. Pada fase awal dan vegetative, tanaman memerlukan kelembaban yang tinggi sedangkan pada fase akhir tanaman membutuhkan kelembaban yang rendah. Alat ukur suhu dan kelembaban tanah telah berhasil dibuat namun belum terhubung dengan jaringan internet sehingga hasil pembacaan sensor harus dibaca secara langsung pada layar LCD. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan rancang bangun sistem monitoring suhu dan kelembaban tanah. Sistem monitoring yang dibangun dilengkapi dengan SD Card sebagai backup data hasil pembacaan sensor untuk berjaga jika internet tidak stabil. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah rekayasa teknik dengan tahapan studi literature, analisis dan perancangan, pembuatan perangkat keras, pembuatan perangkat lunak dan pengujian sistem. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 3 sensor yaitu sensor DHT22, sensor DS18B20, dan sensor moisture yang dikendalikan oleh NodeMCU ESP32 dengan sumber tenaga baterai sebesar 3000 mAh 7.2 A yang di-step down menjadi 5.0 A oleh LM2596. Sistem memiliki ketahanan baterai sebesar 10 jam 27 menit, akurasi sensor suhu tanah sebesar 98,05%, akurasi sensor kelembaban tanah sebesar 90,2%, akurasi suhu udara sebesar 98,3%, dan akurasi kelembaban udara sebesar 96,88%.
土壤温度和湿度是植物生长的重要因素。在早期和植被，植物需要较高的水分，而在最后阶段，植物需要较低的水分。土壤温度和湿度测量仪已成功制成，但尚未与互联网连接，因此传感器读取结果必须直接在液晶显示器上读取。这项研究的目的是设计一种土壤温度和湿度监测系统。内置的监控系统配有SD卡，以备份传感器读取结果的数据，以防互联网不稳定。本研究采用的方法包括学习文学、分析和设计阶段、硬件制造、软件制造和系统测试等技术工程。研究表明，有三种传感器，DHT22传感器，DS18B20传感器，以及由NodeMCU ESP32控制的模态传感器，其电池电量为3000 mAh 7.2 A，由LM2596下降到5.0 A。该系统的电池耐久性为10小时27分钟，地面温度传感器的准确性为98.05%，地面湿度传感器的准确性为90.2%，空气温度准确性为98.3%，空气湿度准确性为96.88%。
{"title":"Rancang Bangun Sistem Monitoring Suhu dan Kelembaban Tanah","authors":"Ahmad Thoriq, Lukito Hasta Pratopo, Rizky Mulya Sampurno, Syauqi Hisyam Shafiyullah","doi":"10.19028/jtep.010.3.268-280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19028/jtep.010.3.268-280","url":null,"abstract":"Suhu dan kelembaban tanah merupakan faktor penting bagi pertumbuhan tanaman. Pada fase awal dan vegetative, tanaman memerlukan kelembaban yang tinggi sedangkan pada fase akhir tanaman membutuhkan kelembaban yang rendah. Alat ukur suhu dan kelembaban tanah telah berhasil dibuat namun belum terhubung dengan jaringan internet sehingga hasil pembacaan sensor harus dibaca secara langsung pada layar LCD. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan rancang bangun sistem monitoring suhu dan kelembaban tanah. Sistem monitoring yang dibangun dilengkapi dengan SD Card sebagai backup data hasil pembacaan sensor untuk berjaga jika internet tidak stabil. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah rekayasa teknik dengan tahapan studi literature, analisis dan perancangan, pembuatan perangkat keras, pembuatan perangkat lunak dan pengujian sistem. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 3 sensor yaitu sensor DHT22, sensor DS18B20, dan sensor moisture yang dikendalikan oleh NodeMCU ESP32 dengan sumber tenaga baterai sebesar 3000 mAh 7.2 A yang di-step down menjadi 5.0 A oleh LM2596. Sistem memiliki ketahanan baterai sebesar 10 jam 27 menit, akurasi sensor suhu tanah sebesar 98,05%, akurasi sensor kelembaban tanah sebesar 90,2%, akurasi suhu udara sebesar 98,3%, dan akurasi kelembaban udara sebesar 96,88%.","PeriodicalId":34810,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Tropis dan Biosistem","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83816109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.19028/jtep.010.3.253-267
Dani Hari Tunggal Prasetiyo Dani, N. Ilminnafik, Alief Muhammad
Research on renewable fuel energy sources and the use of catalysts in increasing their production has always been an interesting topic in this era towards industry 5.0. This is because the world's energy needs are always increasing every year, especially during the industrial revolution. It requires more sources and other types of energy to convert. Based on that need, alternative energy sources that are renewable and abundant were always needed. One form of renewable alternative energy source is biodiesel. Biodiesel is environmentally friendly, clean, biodegradable, and produces low exhaust emissions. One of the raw materials for biodiesel can be obtained from Kepuh seeds (Sterculia foetida). The manufacture of biodiesel goes through five stages, namely pressing, degumming, esterification, transesterification, and purification. Then, the biodiesel that has been produced is added to bio solar in a ratio of 8:2 (biodiesel: bio solar). Additions were made to five samples of the fuel mixture based on the amount of catalyst used (0.8; 0.9; 1.0; 1.1; 1.2%). Based on the results of the biodiesel quality test, the average value for the density test was 0.85 kg/m3, the viscosity was 3.24 CST and the calorific value was 11,090 cal/gram.
{"title":"The Effect of Trans-esterification Process Using KOH Catalyst on the Characteristics of Biodiesel from Sterculia Foetida Seeds as Additional Fuel","authors":"Dani Hari Tunggal Prasetiyo Dani, N. Ilminnafik, Alief Muhammad","doi":"10.19028/jtep.010.3.253-267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19028/jtep.010.3.253-267","url":null,"abstract":"Research on renewable fuel energy sources and the use of catalysts in increasing their production has always been an interesting topic in this era towards industry 5.0. This is because the world's energy needs are always increasing every year, especially during the industrial revolution. It requires more sources and other types of energy to convert. Based on that need, alternative energy sources that are renewable and abundant were always needed. One form of renewable alternative energy source is biodiesel. Biodiesel is environmentally friendly, clean, biodegradable, and produces low exhaust emissions. One of the raw materials for biodiesel can be obtained from Kepuh seeds (Sterculia foetida). The manufacture of biodiesel goes through five stages, namely pressing, degumming, esterification, transesterification, and purification. Then, the biodiesel that has been produced is added to bio solar in a ratio of 8:2 (biodiesel: bio solar). Additions were made to five samples of the fuel mixture based on the amount of catalyst used (0.8; 0.9; 1.0; 1.1; 1.2%). Based on the results of the biodiesel quality test, the average value for the density test was 0.85 kg/m3, the viscosity was 3.24 CST and the calorific value was 11,090 cal/gram.","PeriodicalId":34810,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Tropis dan Biosistem","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83921131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.19028/jtep.010.3.291-304
N. Sari, E. Darmawati, U. Ahmad
The level of ripeness the avocado was not so easy to know because it not marked with change in color. Consumers generally press the fruit to ensure the level of maturity, therefore a ripe indicator label is needed so that the fruit is not damaged due to frequent pressure. The purpose of this research was to design avocado retail packaging which is equipped with an indicator of fruit maturity. The research was carried out in the following stages: preparation of avocados, manufacture of color indicator matrices made from KMnO4 and Molybdate, selection of retail packaging for 2 pieces per package, application of indicator labels on packaging, storage at room temperature (T1) and low temperature (T2). The packaging is given perforation (P1) and without perforation (P2). Parameters measured were respiration rate, color change of indicator label, hardness and TPT (Total Dissolved Solids) of avocado. The packaging is designed for two avocados weighing 0.5 kg per pack. The packaging material is made of mica plastic measuring 18 x 9 x 9 cm, given perforations of 4 pieces with a diameter of 0,8 mm. The volume of packaging is 1458 cm3 and the volume of fruit is 553.18 cm3. The indicator label measuring 2 x 1 cm is placed in the packaging lid. Ethylene produced by avocado can change the color of the indicator label on the packaging. Packaging perforations makes the color change of the indicator label more noticeable. On the packaging without perforation there is moisture retained on the indicator label making the label wet and torn. The changes in the oHue value of the indicator label is more correlated with the changes in hardness (r = -0.42) than the value of the TPT (r = 0.071). At low storage temperatures (13±2°C), the correlation of oHue value with hardness was very low (r = 0.059). From these results, it is recommended that the application of avocado ripeness indicator labels should be used at room temperature storage with perforated packaging.
牛油果的成熟程度不太容易知道，因为它没有颜色的变化。消费者一般按压水果以确保其成熟程度，因此需要一个成熟指示标签，这样水果就不会因频繁按压而受损。本研究的目的是设计牛油果零售包装，配备果实成熟度指标。研究分为以下几个阶段:牛油果的制备，由KMnO4和钼酸盐制成的颜色指示剂基质，每包2片零售包装的选择，包装上指示剂标签的应用，室温(T1)和低温(T2)储存。包装有穿孔(P1)和无穿孔(P2)。测定了鳄梨的呼吸速率、指示剂标签颜色变化、硬度和总溶解固形物(TPT)。这种包装是为每包重0.5公斤的两个鳄梨设计的。包装材料由云母塑料制成，尺寸为18 x 9 x 9厘米，穿孔为4片，直径为0.8毫米。包装体积为1458 cm3，水果体积为553.18 cm3。2 × 1cm大小的指示灯标签放在包装盖上。牛油果产生的乙烯可以改变包装上指示标签的颜色。包装穿孔使指示牌的颜色变化更加明显。在没有打孔的包装上，指示标签上保留了水分，使标签潮湿和撕裂。指标标签oHue值的变化与硬度变化的相关性(r = -0.42)大于TPT值(r = 0.071)。在低温(13±2℃)下，oHue值与硬度的相关性很低(r = 0.059)。根据以上结果，建议在穿孔包装的室温贮藏条件下使用鳄梨成熟度指示标签。
{"title":"Retail Packaging Design For Avocado Fruits Labeled Ripe Indicator","authors":"N. Sari, E. Darmawati, U. Ahmad","doi":"10.19028/jtep.010.3.291-304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19028/jtep.010.3.291-304","url":null,"abstract":"The level of ripeness the avocado was not so easy to know because it not marked with change in color. Consumers generally press the fruit to ensure the level of maturity, therefore a ripe indicator label is needed so that the fruit is not damaged due to frequent pressure. The purpose of this research was to design avocado retail packaging which is equipped with an indicator of fruit maturity. The research was carried out in the following stages: preparation of avocados, manufacture of color indicator matrices made from KMnO4 and Molybdate, selection of retail packaging for 2 pieces per package, application of indicator labels on packaging, storage at room temperature (T1) and low temperature (T2). The packaging is given perforation (P1) and without perforation (P2). Parameters measured were respiration rate, color change of indicator label, hardness and TPT (Total Dissolved Solids) of avocado. The packaging is designed for two avocados weighing 0.5 kg per pack. The packaging material is made of mica plastic measuring 18 x 9 x 9 cm, given perforations of 4 pieces with a diameter of 0,8 mm. The volume of packaging is 1458 cm3 and the volume of fruit is 553.18 cm3. The indicator label measuring 2 x 1 cm is placed in the packaging lid. Ethylene produced by avocado can change the color of the indicator label on the packaging. Packaging perforations makes the color change of the indicator label more noticeable. On the packaging without perforation there is moisture retained on the indicator label making the label wet and torn. The changes in the oHue value of the indicator label is more correlated with the changes in hardness (r = -0.42) than the value of the TPT (r = 0.071). At low storage temperatures (13±2°C), the correlation of oHue value with hardness was very low (r = 0.059). From these results, it is recommended that the application of avocado ripeness indicator labels should be used at room temperature storage with perforated packaging.","PeriodicalId":34810,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Tropis dan Biosistem","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90008807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.19028/jtep.010.3.281-290
Azizah Nur Islam Al Rosyid, I. Astika, Y. Setiawan, Kikin Hamzah Muttaqin, Impron, Harry Imantho, S. Sugiarto, Oxa Aspera Endiviana, T. Yuliawan
Serntinel 2A provide Normalized Difference Vegetation Index to be used as an estimate of soil fertility, plant varieties and productivity. The weakness of satellite data is that the data obtained is often inaccurate due to cloud cover, especially in tropical countries with high rainfall such as Indonesia. The use of unmanned aerial vehicle as an alternative data have limitation as it captured RGB imagery. The research was conducted from July to September 2020 at Pasir Kaliki Village, District of Rawamerta, Karawang Regency, West Java province. The study has discovered that NDVI showed higher number in result of vegetation index compared to NGRDI with correlation coefficient is 0.944625. The regression model resulted as y=4.7722x+0.3845 and MAPE value expresses as 26.74%, where the regression model with Pearson’s correlation coefficient value is 0.877885. A qualitative assessment using statistical data and a spatial assessment using sampled data from the rice vegetation map reveal a high mapping accuracy with the corresponding R2 being as high as 0.7429; however, the mapped rice vegetation accuracy might influenced by other physical factors such as water reflectant, sunlight and the RGB camera limitation itself. Nonetheless, the highest values of NGRDI only reach 0.2 while NDVI can attain at 0.9 at the peak of vegetative phase of rice growth stage. This means that Green Band have limitation in detecting vegetation index. In relation to the different approaches performed, it is noted that the average trend line on both NDVI and NGRDI shown the similarity tendency in all growth stage.
{"title":"Visible Band Index Optimation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Estimating NDVI by Sentinel Imagery on Rice Vegetation","authors":"Azizah Nur Islam Al Rosyid, I. Astika, Y. Setiawan, Kikin Hamzah Muttaqin, Impron, Harry Imantho, S. Sugiarto, Oxa Aspera Endiviana, T. Yuliawan","doi":"10.19028/jtep.010.3.281-290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19028/jtep.010.3.281-290","url":null,"abstract":"Serntinel 2A provide Normalized Difference Vegetation Index to be used as an estimate of soil fertility, plant varieties and productivity. The weakness of satellite data is that the data obtained is often inaccurate due to cloud cover, especially in tropical countries with high rainfall such as Indonesia. The use of unmanned aerial vehicle as an alternative data have limitation as it captured RGB imagery. The research was conducted from July to September 2020 at Pasir Kaliki Village, District of Rawamerta, Karawang Regency, West Java province. The study has discovered that NDVI showed higher number in result of vegetation index compared to NGRDI with correlation coefficient is 0.944625. The regression model resulted as y=4.7722x+0.3845 and MAPE value expresses as 26.74%, where the regression model with Pearson’s correlation coefficient value is 0.877885. A qualitative assessment using statistical data and a spatial assessment using sampled data from the rice vegetation map reveal a high mapping accuracy with the corresponding R2 being as high as 0.7429; however, the mapped rice vegetation accuracy might influenced by other physical factors such as water reflectant, sunlight and the RGB camera limitation itself. Nonetheless, the highest values of NGRDI only reach 0.2 while NDVI can attain at 0.9 at the peak of vegetative phase of rice growth stage. This means that Green Band have limitation in detecting vegetation index. In relation to the different approaches performed, it is noted that the average trend line on both NDVI and NGRDI shown the similarity tendency in all growth stage.","PeriodicalId":34810,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Tropis dan Biosistem","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79340051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.19028/jtep.010.3.319-327
J. Tarigan, Armansyah Halomoan Tambunan, Radite Praeko Agus Setiawan, Obie Farobie, Furqon
Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) berpotensi untuk diubah menjadi biohidrogen dengan proses fermentasi gelap. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui bagaimana hubungan antara pH dengan produksi biohidrogen yang dihasilkan adalah dengan pendekatan statistik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengaruh pH terhadap produksi biohidrogen dari limbah POME dengan pendekatan statistik. Tiga substrat POME dinetralkan pH-nya dan tiga substrat lainnya tanpa penetralan pH. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode integrasi numerik untuk memperoleh total produksi H2 selama interval pengukuran. Ada Sembilan kombinasi substrat yang diuji. Tiga substrat yang diuji menyimpulkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara subtsrat yang dinetralkan pH-nya dan tidak dinetralkan, enam substrat yang diuji menyimpulkan adanya perbedaan signifikan antara substrat yang dinetralkan dan tidak dinetralkan pH-nya. Kecenderungan persamaan regresi setiap substrat yang dinetralkan dan tidak dinetralkan adalah plonomial derajat 3.
{"title":"Pengaruh Perlakuan pH terhadap Produksi Biohidrogen dari Limbah POME dengan Pendekatan Statistik","authors":"J. Tarigan, Armansyah Halomoan Tambunan, Radite Praeko Agus Setiawan, Obie Farobie, Furqon","doi":"10.19028/jtep.010.3.319-327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19028/jtep.010.3.319-327","url":null,"abstract":"Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) berpotensi untuk diubah menjadi biohidrogen dengan proses fermentasi gelap. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui bagaimana hubungan antara pH dengan produksi biohidrogen yang dihasilkan adalah dengan pendekatan statistik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengaruh pH terhadap produksi biohidrogen dari limbah POME dengan pendekatan statistik. Tiga substrat POME dinetralkan pH-nya dan tiga substrat lainnya tanpa penetralan pH. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode integrasi numerik untuk memperoleh total produksi H2 selama interval pengukuran. Ada Sembilan kombinasi substrat yang diuji. Tiga substrat yang diuji menyimpulkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara subtsrat yang dinetralkan pH-nya dan tidak dinetralkan, enam substrat yang diuji menyimpulkan adanya perbedaan signifikan antara substrat yang dinetralkan dan tidak dinetralkan pH-nya. Kecenderungan persamaan regresi setiap substrat yang dinetralkan dan tidak dinetralkan adalah plonomial derajat 3.","PeriodicalId":34810,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Tropis dan Biosistem","volume":"30 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90597713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.19028/jtep.010.3.226-239
M. Taufiq, T. Mandang, W. Hermawan, Desrial
Hand tractors with lugged wheels have difficulty when operating in wet and deep mud of paddy fields. To solve this problem, the wheels need to be replaced with tracks wheel type that have a much larger contact area. For design purposes, data on traction performance characteristics of the track wheel type on muddy soil are required, which can be obtained by testing the prototype of track wheel type on a soil bin. The objective of this research is to analyze the traction performance of the lugged track of wheel type on wet soil. The track wheel type with a length of 60 cm and a width of 20 cm will be tested in a soil bin filled with wet and muddy soil with a depth of 30 cm. The test will be carried out on variations in vertical loads of 9.5, 12.5, 15.5, 18.5, and 22.7 kg; horizontal loads of 1, 2, 3, and 4 kg; distance between of lugs of 12.70, 19.05, and 25.40 cm; and height of lugs of 5, 10, and 15 cm. Parameters observed in the test are sinkage, slip and traction efficiency. The test results show that the pull force and vertical force have a dominant effect on track sinkage, track slip, and tractive efficiency. The optimum track wheel type design has size a lug height of 10 cm and a distance between lugs of 19.05 cm result in a sinkage of 7.32 cm, slip of 14%, and tractive efficiency of 68.46%.
{"title":"a Traction Performance Analysis of Track Wheels Type on Wet and Deep Muddy of Soil in Soil Bin","authors":"M. Taufiq, T. Mandang, W. Hermawan, Desrial","doi":"10.19028/jtep.010.3.226-239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19028/jtep.010.3.226-239","url":null,"abstract":"Hand tractors with lugged wheels have difficulty when operating in wet and deep mud of paddy fields. To solve this problem, the wheels need to be replaced with tracks wheel type that have a much larger contact area. For design purposes, data on traction performance characteristics of the track wheel type on muddy soil are required, which can be obtained by testing the prototype of track wheel type on a soil bin. The objective of this research is to analyze the traction performance of the lugged track of wheel type on wet soil. The track wheel type with a length of 60 cm and a width of 20 cm will be tested in a soil bin filled with wet and muddy soil with a depth of 30 cm. The test will be carried out on variations in vertical loads of 9.5, 12.5, 15.5, 18.5, and 22.7 kg; horizontal loads of 1, 2, 3, and 4 kg; distance between of lugs of 12.70, 19.05, and 25.40 cm; and height of lugs of 5, 10, and 15 cm. Parameters observed in the test are sinkage, slip and traction efficiency. The test results show that the pull force and vertical force have a dominant effect on track sinkage, track slip, and tractive efficiency. The optimum track wheel type design has size a lug height of 10 cm and a distance between lugs of 19.05 cm result in a sinkage of 7.32 cm, slip of 14%, and tractive efficiency of 68.46%.","PeriodicalId":34810,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Tropis dan Biosistem","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89078854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.19028/jtep.010.3.200-214
Oxa Aspera Endiviana, Impron, Y. Setiawan, Harry Imantho, S. Sugiarto, T. Yuliawan
The estimation of Leaf area index (LAI) becomes important as LAI is one of parameters in the analysis of crop growth model. The crop growth has different characteristics and its strongly influenced by environmental conditions and factors. The growth tends to occur in a short period of time and covers a large area. Therefore, an approach to analyze the pattern of changes in crop growth based on LAI spatially is needed. Remote sensing offers an effective and efficient approach in monitoring crop growth characteristic, which can be done in a time series with a wide area coverage by detecting and monitoring the physical characteristics of crop. The most famous and commonly used parameters to estimate LAI are vegetation indices which are usually calculated based on the ratio of the red and NIR wavelength, known as spectral signature. The objectives of the research are to examine the spatio-temporal correlation between LAI of three rice cultivars Sentinel-2A based vegetation indices, and to select the most optimum vegetation index in estimating LAI. A synchronization process of the LAI for each plot with the pixel of Sentinel-2A based vegetation index value was carried out. The results of the analysis show that the vegetation index has a strong correlation with LAI. The Comparison of the four calculated vegetation indices in estimating LAI was performed using linear regression model and followed by comparing R-squared, RMSE and Correctness. The EVI2 vegetation index provides the most optimum representation in capturing crop growth patterns based on LAI.
{"title":"SELECTING THE MOST OPTIMUM SENTINEL-2A BASED VEGETATION INDEX TO ESTIMATE LEAF AREA INDEX OF THREE RICE CULTIVARS","authors":"Oxa Aspera Endiviana, Impron, Y. Setiawan, Harry Imantho, S. Sugiarto, T. Yuliawan","doi":"10.19028/jtep.010.3.200-214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19028/jtep.010.3.200-214","url":null,"abstract":"The estimation of Leaf area index (LAI) becomes important as LAI is one of parameters in the analysis of crop growth model. The crop growth has different characteristics and its strongly influenced by environmental conditions and factors. The growth tends to occur in a short period of time and covers a large area. Therefore, an approach to analyze the pattern of changes in crop growth based on LAI spatially is needed. Remote sensing offers an effective and efficient approach in monitoring crop growth characteristic, which can be done in a time series with a wide area coverage by detecting and monitoring the physical characteristics of crop. The most famous and commonly used parameters to estimate LAI are vegetation indices which are usually calculated based on the ratio of the red and NIR wavelength, known as spectral signature. The objectives of the research are to examine the spatio-temporal correlation between LAI of three rice cultivars Sentinel-2A based vegetation indices, and to select the most optimum vegetation index in estimating LAI. A synchronization process of the LAI for each plot with the pixel of Sentinel-2A based vegetation index value was carried out. The results of the analysis show that the vegetation index has a strong correlation with LAI. The Comparison of the four calculated vegetation indices in estimating LAI was performed using linear regression model and followed by comparing R-squared, RMSE and Correctness. The EVI2 vegetation index provides the most optimum representation in capturing crop growth patterns based on LAI.","PeriodicalId":34810,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Tropis dan Biosistem","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80596783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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