In Jamaica, the longstanding notion of indigenous extinction through colonial violence and subsequent intermixing with enslaved Africans has led to widespread debate on the island regarding the legitimacy of Taíno survival. Colonial narratives attesting to the absolute decimation of original inhabitants throughout the Caribbean region have arguably created stagnant understandings of indigeneity in Jamaica into the 21st century. This paper seeks to investigate complex conceptualizations of indigeneity on the island and explore the ways in which the myth of extinction has persisted into the post-colonial period, along with the challenges related to the reconstruction of Taíno histories in Jamaica.
{"title":"Investigating Discourses of Indigeneity and Taino Survival in Jamaica","authors":"Shenhat Haile","doi":"10.33137/cq.v6i1.35960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/cq.v6i1.35960","url":null,"abstract":"In Jamaica, the longstanding notion of indigenous extinction through colonial violence and subsequent intermixing with enslaved Africans has led to widespread debate on the island regarding the legitimacy of Taíno survival. Colonial narratives attesting to the absolute decimation of original inhabitants throughout the Caribbean region have arguably created stagnant understandings of indigeneity in Jamaica into the 21st century. This paper seeks to investigate complex conceptualizations of indigeneity on the island and explore the ways in which the myth of extinction has persisted into the post-colonial period, along with the challenges related to the reconstruction of Taíno histories in Jamaica.","PeriodicalId":34856,"journal":{"name":"Caribbean Quilt","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46107631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Manley envisioned a Jamaica that would provide equality for the working-class through education. This was done consider- ing the socio-economic structure of the country which reflects its legacies of colo- nialism, slavery, and imperialism. Indica- tions of this trauma are evident in racial divisions based largely in colourism and class inequalities, which have led to the stigmatization of manual labour. During what historians Chambers and Airey label the ‘Socialist Era’ in Jamaica (i.e. 1972 and 1980), Manley’s People’s National Party (PNP) government sought to embed ideals of self-reliance into vital socio-economic industries such as education, agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism. The ultimate goal of this was aimed at reversing the condition of psychological dependency that plagued many regions in the Global South. This policy review seeks consider the process by which Michael Manley imple- mented his administration’s Free Education policy during the years of 1972 to 1980.
{"title":"Equality through Education: A Review of Michael Manley's Vision for Jamaica","authors":"Renee Annan","doi":"10.33137/cq.v6i1.36733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/cq.v6i1.36733","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000Michael Manley envisioned a Jamaica that would provide equality for the working-class through education. This was done consider- ing the socio-economic structure of the country which reflects its legacies of colo- nialism, slavery, and imperialism. Indica- tions of this trauma are evident in racial divisions based largely in colourism and class inequalities, which have led to the stigmatization of manual labour. During what historians Chambers and Airey label the ‘Socialist Era’ in Jamaica (i.e. 1972 and 1980), Manley’s People’s National Party (PNP) government sought to embed ideals of self-reliance into vital socio-economic industries such as education, agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism. The ultimate goal of this was aimed at reversing the condition of psychological dependency that plagued many regions in the Global South. This policy review seeks consider the process by which Michael Manley imple- mented his administration’s Free Education policy during the years of 1972 to 1980.\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":34856,"journal":{"name":"Caribbean Quilt","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42736545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Through the forced migration of various peoples by colonial powers, the Caribbean has become a melting pot of a wide array of races, cultures, and religions. However, the existence of Hinduism in the Caribbean is often unknown to those outside of the Caribbean and its diaspora, and is sometimes overlooked within the region. Much like other social, cultural and religious artefacts in the region, Hinduism in the Caribbean has became distinct from its origins, through a unique process of ‘creolization’. This essay seeks to contextualize Hinduism in the Caribbean from the 19th century onward, considering factors that have led to the evolution of Caribbean Hinduism in Guyana and Trinidad & Tobago, while acknowledg- ing the dangers of using this evolution to define the religion as a whole.
{"title":"Religion in its Diaspora","authors":"Kahlia Brown","doi":"10.33137/cq.v6i1.36831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/cq.v6i1.36831","url":null,"abstract":"Through the forced migration of various peoples by colonial powers, the Caribbean has become a melting pot of a wide array of races, cultures, and religions. However, the existence of Hinduism in the Caribbean is often unknown to those outside of the Caribbean and its diaspora, and is sometimes overlooked within the region. Much like other social, cultural and religious artefacts in the region, Hinduism in the Caribbean has became distinct from its origins, through a unique process of ‘creolization’. This essay seeks to contextualize Hinduism in the Caribbean from the 19th century onward, considering factors that have led to the evolution of Caribbean Hinduism in Guyana and Trinidad & Tobago, while acknowledg- ing the dangers of using this evolution to define the religion as a whole.","PeriodicalId":34856,"journal":{"name":"Caribbean Quilt","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41877241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oftentimes when thinking about the plantocracy, slavery and the Circum-Caribbean region, the first thing that comes to mind is the suffering endured by millions of Indige- nous populations, genocide and forced African migrants, enslaved, and tortured for the singular benefit of European enrichment. Any historical thought process is usually followed by a celebration of the region’s nutrient rich soil, an ideal climate for successful agriculture. However, there are further aspects that are not often given due weight in consideration, including the numerous subtle and intricately intertwined ways Colonialism impacted the region scientifically, specifically through disease and immunological degradation. This research paper seeks to highlight and consid- er the multiple ways in which the region was not only affected but also infected by disease and Colonialism.
{"title":"Early Colonial Circum-Caribbean: Affected and Infected by Colonialism and Disease","authors":"Kennedy-Jude Providence","doi":"10.33137/cq.v6i1.36599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/cq.v6i1.36599","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000Oftentimes when thinking about the plantocracy, slavery and the Circum-Caribbean region, the first thing that comes to mind is the suffering endured by millions of Indige- nous populations, genocide and forced African migrants, enslaved, and tortured for the singular benefit of European enrichment. Any historical thought process is usually followed by a celebration of the region’s nutrient rich soil, an ideal climate for successful agriculture. However, there are further aspects that are not often given due weight in consideration, including the numerous subtle and intricately intertwined ways Colonialism impacted the region scientifically, specifically through disease and immunological degradation. This research paper seeks to highlight and consid- er the multiple ways in which the region was not only affected but also infected by disease and Colonialism.\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":34856,"journal":{"name":"Caribbean Quilt","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44359362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Beginning in the 1780s, British Caribbean plantocracies faced the looming threat of slave trade abolition which would end the flow of enslaved labour fundamental to colonial plantation economies. Enslaved women’s function as the source of blackness and legal slave status made their wombs essential to a future without readily available slave imports. The general narrative centring the intensifying colonial domination of enslaved women’s wombs highlight abolitionists and slave owner’s deployment of slave women’s reproductive labour in a slave-breeding program that would produce a self-sustaining source of labour. This narrative neglects the agency enslaved women exerted in exacting control over their sexuality, marriage status, pregnancies, childbirth experience, and child-rearing process that jeopardised the institution of slavery in “gynecological revolt.” This essay privileges the feminized, unarmed, sexual, bodily defiance of enslaved women within the greater, often masculinized Caribbean slavery scholarship to argue that the womb was a site of intensifying colonial domination in the Age of Abolition but more significantly a site of women’s revolutionary struggle against slavery.
{"title":"The womb: a site of domination and resistance in the Pre-emancipation British Caribbean","authors":"Collin Xia","doi":"10.33137/cq.v6i1.35963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/cq.v6i1.35963","url":null,"abstract":"Beginning in the 1780s, British Caribbean plantocracies faced the looming threat of slave trade abolition which would end the flow of enslaved labour fundamental to colonial plantation economies. Enslaved women’s function as the source of blackness and legal slave status made their wombs essential to a future without readily available slave imports. The general narrative centring the intensifying colonial domination of enslaved women’s wombs highlight abolitionists and slave owner’s deployment of slave women’s reproductive labour in a slave-breeding program that would produce a self-sustaining source of labour. This narrative neglects the agency enslaved women exerted in exacting control over their sexuality, marriage status, pregnancies, childbirth experience, and child-rearing process that jeopardised the institution of slavery in “gynecological revolt.” This essay privileges the feminized, unarmed, sexual, bodily defiance of enslaved women within the greater, often masculinized Caribbean slavery scholarship to argue that the womb was a site of intensifying colonial domination in the Age of Abolition but more significantly a site of women’s revolutionary struggle against slavery.","PeriodicalId":34856,"journal":{"name":"Caribbean Quilt","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47349257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas ‘Indian’ Warner is described as a figure who brokered peace between the Kalinago and the Europeans. However, the influence of Warner’s actions when compared to retaliatory measures taken by Europeans against him and the Kalinagos, and the longevity of alliances suggests that the intermediary role often attributed to him is exaggerated. Examining Warner’s voluntary and involuntary association with his Kalinago roots, and his resistance and peace efforts with the Europeans improves our understanding of the nature of Warner’s personal alliance with the Kalinago as well as the Kalinago’s broader alliance with the Europeans. This research examines these complexities to highlight how his presence and absence in the turbulent seventeenth century of Caribbean history influenced his alliances and broader connections.
{"title":"Kalinago-European Alliances in the Seventeenth-Century Caribbean","authors":"Stephane Martin Demers","doi":"10.33137/cq.v6i1.36937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/cq.v6i1.36937","url":null,"abstract":"Thomas ‘Indian’ Warner is described as a figure who brokered peace between the Kalinago and the Europeans. However, the influence of Warner’s actions when compared to retaliatory measures taken by Europeans against him and the Kalinagos, and the longevity of alliances suggests that the intermediary role often attributed to him is exaggerated. Examining Warner’s voluntary and involuntary association with his Kalinago roots, and his resistance and peace efforts with the Europeans improves our understanding of the nature of Warner’s personal alliance with the Kalinago as well as the Kalinago’s broader alliance with the Europeans. This research examines these complexities to highlight how his presence and absence in the turbulent seventeenth century of Caribbean history influenced his alliances and broader connections.","PeriodicalId":34856,"journal":{"name":"Caribbean Quilt","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45016015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With performance often being used as a means of entertainment for many, audiences can sometimes be at fault for allowing their gullibility to fiction and historical inaccuracies led to dangerously self-constructed beliefs. Time and time again with regard to the colonial history of Indigeneity in the “New World,” we face the risk of falling victim to historical deceit. Coco Fusco and Guillermo Gómez-Peña’s performance, The Couple in the Cage: A Guatinaui Odyssey, is a masterfully produced stage play that reveals flaws in past and present historical beliefs that were strengthened by almost laughable false colonial narratives. Highlighting the ignorance to Indigeneity in Western mind, the two performers lead the viewer to question their relationship with the history of oppressed societies or “the Other.” This analysis seeks to consider the significance of The Couple in the Cage: A Guatinaui Odyssey in the context of the fragility and danger of colonial credence that leaves “the Other” as a victim of falsehoods.
{"title":"Integrity of Authenticity and Real Presence in The Couple in the Cage","authors":"Kiewan Foxe","doi":"10.33137/cq.v6i2.36917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/cq.v6i2.36917","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000With performance often being used as a means of entertainment for many, audiences can sometimes be at fault for allowing their gullibility to fiction and historical inaccuracies led to dangerously self-constructed beliefs. Time and time again with regard to the colonial history of Indigeneity in the “New World,” we face the risk of falling victim to historical deceit. Coco Fusco and Guillermo Gómez-Peña’s performance, The Couple in the Cage: A Guatinaui Odyssey, is a masterfully produced stage play that reveals flaws in past and present historical beliefs that were strengthened by almost laughable false colonial narratives. Highlighting the ignorance to Indigeneity in Western mind, the two performers lead the viewer to question their relationship with the history of oppressed societies or “the Other.” This analysis seeks to consider the significance of The Couple in the Cage: A Guatinaui Odyssey in the context of the fragility and danger of colonial credence that leaves “the Other” as a victim of falsehoods.\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":34856,"journal":{"name":"Caribbean Quilt","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48222440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Caribbean’s environmental diversity and tourism products have been a longstanding source of income leading many to argue that the detriments of tourism outweigh its beneficial, economic effects. However, as the COVID-19 pandemic changed the course of travel- and by extension, tourism, countries have been forced to re-evaluate travel structures, means of income and longstanding Clientelist relationships with their North American neighbours. In this commentary, I discuss the socio- economic effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism- in the context of Jamaica; as well as the possibility of re-engineering Democratic Socialism for implementation in the post-pandemic environ- ment as a way to psychologically decolonize the region and alleviate the potentially lingering, devastating effects of the pandemic. Furthermore, while there are other prevalent issues that threaten tourism and have plagued the region for years including and not limited to pollution, environmen- tal degradation, climate change, crime and natural disasters, this analysis is simply intended to focus on identity, economy and the seemingly never-end- ing cycle of Western Imperialism threatening West Indian identity.
{"title":"Democratic Socialism a Solution to Colonial Tourism Structures","authors":"Kennedy-Jude Providence","doi":"10.33137/cq.v6i2.36946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/cq.v6i2.36946","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000The Caribbean’s environmental diversity and tourism products have been a longstanding source of income leading many to argue that the detriments of tourism outweigh its beneficial, economic effects. However, as the COVID-19 pandemic changed the course of travel- and by extension, tourism, countries have been forced to re-evaluate travel structures, means of income and longstanding Clientelist relationships with their North American neighbours. In this commentary, I discuss the socio- economic effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism- in the context of Jamaica; as well as the possibility of re-engineering Democratic Socialism for implementation in the post-pandemic environ- ment as a way to psychologically decolonize the region and alleviate the potentially lingering, devastating effects of the pandemic. Furthermore, while there are other prevalent issues that threaten tourism and have plagued the region for years including and not limited to pollution, environmen- tal degradation, climate change, crime and natural disasters, this analysis is simply intended to focus on identity, economy and the seemingly never-end- ing cycle of Western Imperialism threatening West Indian identity.\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":34856,"journal":{"name":"Caribbean Quilt","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44408812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
If scholarship has focused on the return to the stereotypical portrayals of black characters during the 1990s, and that were common to the pre-revolutionary era, what had not yet been addressed is how differentiating linguistic traits (manner of speech) have been used to represent black characters in more recent Cuban fiction, a narrative strategy that goes back to colonial times. Apart from conveying “authenticity” (i.e. the details of the Havana slang) when building fictional characters, such a literary device, I contend, was also a way to emphasise the Island’s socioeconomic and cultural decadence or “involution” during this decade of economic upheaval. Since the second decade of the new millennium, other voices, namely from the Caribbean side of the Island, have emerged and imposed themselves in fiction, leading me to explore the other levels of significance of this narrative strategy. What follows is a tale about continuity and subversion.
{"title":"Linguistic Representations of Black Characters in Cuban Fiction of the New Millennium","authors":"Catia Dignard","doi":"10.33137/cq.v6i1.37019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/cq.v6i1.37019","url":null,"abstract":"If scholarship has focused on the return to the stereotypical portrayals of black characters during the 1990s, and that were common to the pre-revolutionary era, what had not yet been addressed is how differentiating linguistic traits (manner of speech) have been used to represent black characters in more recent Cuban fiction, a narrative strategy that goes back to colonial times. Apart from conveying “authenticity” (i.e. the details of the Havana slang) when building fictional characters, such a literary device, I contend, was also a way to emphasise the Island’s socioeconomic and cultural decadence or “involution” during this decade of economic upheaval. Since the second decade of the new millennium, other voices, namely from the Caribbean side of the Island, have emerged and imposed themselves in fiction, leading me to explore the other levels of significance of this narrative strategy. What follows is a tale about continuity and subversion.","PeriodicalId":34856,"journal":{"name":"Caribbean Quilt","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46684089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Caribbean and Latin America has been home to numerous leftist and populist political experiments during the 20th century, most of which have in turn experienced some level of retaliation from the capitalist Global North. Jamaica under Michael Manley and Grenada under Maurice Bishop are two such examples, and both can be evaluated for their choice in pursuing relatively moderate, reformist left-wing policies – neither of which perma- nently dismantled capitalist institutions in their respective states. Yet, both countries were ultimately subject to destabilization efforts from the capitalistic Global North, which sought to maintain its political and economic hold over the region. This paper examines leftist reformist policies (as opposed to revolu- tionary policies) in Jamaica, and Grenada, and observes how even the most moderate econom- ic policies looking to curb capitalism’s most harmful negative externalities are still viewed as a near-existential threat by institutions in the Global North.
{"title":"Manley and Bishop: The Tragedy of Leftist Reformism in the Caribbean","authors":"T. Scott","doi":"10.33137/cq.v6i2.36944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33137/cq.v6i2.36944","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000The Caribbean and Latin America has been home to numerous leftist and populist political experiments during the 20th century, most of which have in turn experienced some level of retaliation from the capitalist Global North. Jamaica under Michael Manley and Grenada under Maurice Bishop are two such examples, and both can be evaluated for their choice in pursuing relatively moderate, reformist left-wing policies – neither of which perma- nently dismantled capitalist institutions in their respective states. Yet, both countries were ultimately subject to destabilization efforts from the capitalistic Global North, which sought to maintain its political and economic hold over the region. This paper examines leftist reformist policies (as opposed to revolu- tionary policies) in Jamaica, and Grenada, and observes how even the most moderate econom- ic policies looking to curb capitalism’s most harmful negative externalities are still viewed as a near-existential threat by institutions in the Global North.\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":34856,"journal":{"name":"Caribbean Quilt","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69506463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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