Pub Date : 2022-02-04DOI: 10.7451/cbe.2020.62.9.17
M. Friesen, Laura Soriano, Danny Mann
Biosystems engineering students at the University of Manitoba participated in a voluntary workshop series as an extracurricular professional development opportunity. The five-workshop series was designed to engage students in reflection and self-reflection as a foundation for the development of e-portfolios to document their learning over time. Following the workshop series, focus group interviews were held with voluntary participants to explore their perceptions and experiences with self-reflection relative to e-portfolios. Themes that emerged from the focus group data related to i) the value of self-reflection as an activity, ii) the value of e-portfolios for career success, iii) observations of the biosystems engineering curriculum and iv) concerns about the status of the biosystems engineering discipline in the engineering community. The motivations to consider an e-portfolio were immediately focused on job-finding, and within that, on clarifying biosystems engineering both to themselves, to other students outside of biosystems engineering, and employers.
{"title":"Biosystems engineering students’ experiences and perceptions of selfreflection and e-portfolios","authors":"M. Friesen, Laura Soriano, Danny Mann","doi":"10.7451/cbe.2020.62.9.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7451/cbe.2020.62.9.17","url":null,"abstract":"Biosystems engineering students at the University of Manitoba participated in a voluntary workshop series as an extracurricular professional development opportunity. The five-workshop series was designed to engage students in reflection and self-reflection as a foundation for the development of e-portfolios to document their learning over time. Following the workshop series, focus group interviews were held with voluntary participants to explore their perceptions and experiences with self-reflection relative to e-portfolios. Themes that emerged from the focus group data related to i) the value of self-reflection as an activity, ii) the value of e-portfolios for career success, iii) observations of the biosystems engineering curriculum and iv) concerns about the status of the biosystems engineering discipline in the engineering community. The motivations to consider an e-portfolio were immediately focused on job-finding, and within that, on clarifying biosystems engineering both to themselves, to other students outside of biosystems engineering, and employers.","PeriodicalId":34955,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Biosystems Engineering / Le Genie des biosystems au Canada","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42439443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Abdulkhani, A. Sedaghat, Peymaneh Alizadeh, L. Tabil
This research was aimed to determine the hydrophilic bioactive extractives of Arizona cypress. The extractives of Arizona cypress were isolated and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Hydrophilic compounds of the extractives were mildly isolated by soaking the wood flour in ethanol: water (9:1 v/v) solution followed by n-hexane extraction to remove the lipophilic moieties. Raw extract of Arizona cypress was further purified to isolate the bioactive phenols using dichloromethane-ethanol in a solvent-solvent system and precipitation with potassium acetate. The bioactivity of the hydrophilic extracts of Cupressus arizonica was determined and compared with the raw hydrophilic extractives of Cupressus sempervirens and Picea excelsa. The total phenol content was determined according to the folin-ciocalteu method. The antioxidant capacity was determined by iron (II) chelating activity and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. From the GC/MS analysis, different amounts of bioactive moieties, including matairesinol (MAT), curcumin, dienestrol, arctigenin (ARC) and sescoisolariciresinol (SEC), were found in the extract of C. arizonica wood knots. Comparative evaluation of the total phenolics by folin-ciocalteu analysis showed that extraction by simple soaking could precisely indicate the quantity of phenolic compounds in the extracts. The antioxidant activity of extracts indicated by DPPH radical scavenging and iron (II) chelating capacity showed that the antioxidant activity is dependent on the amount and category of bioactive phenols in the extracts.
{"title":"Extraction of bioactive moieties of Cupressus arizonica and Cupressus sempervirens wood knots","authors":"A. Abdulkhani, A. Sedaghat, Peymaneh Alizadeh, L. Tabil","doi":"10.7451/cbe.2020.62.8.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7451/cbe.2020.62.8.1","url":null,"abstract":"This research was aimed to determine the hydrophilic bioactive extractives of Arizona cypress. The extractives of Arizona cypress were isolated and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Hydrophilic compounds of the extractives were mildly isolated by soaking the wood flour in ethanol: water (9:1 v/v) solution followed by n-hexane extraction to remove the lipophilic moieties. Raw extract of Arizona cypress was further purified to isolate the bioactive phenols using dichloromethane-ethanol in a solvent-solvent system and precipitation with potassium acetate. The bioactivity of the hydrophilic extracts of Cupressus arizonica was determined and compared with the raw hydrophilic extractives of Cupressus sempervirens and Picea excelsa. The total phenol content was determined according to the folin-ciocalteu method. The antioxidant capacity was determined by iron (II) chelating activity and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. From the GC/MS analysis, different amounts of bioactive moieties, including matairesinol (MAT), curcumin, dienestrol, arctigenin (ARC) and sescoisolariciresinol (SEC), were found in the extract of C. arizonica wood knots. Comparative evaluation of the total phenolics by folin-ciocalteu analysis showed that extraction by simple soaking could precisely indicate the quantity of phenolic compounds in the extracts. The antioxidant activity of extracts indicated by DPPH radical scavenging and iron (II) chelating capacity showed that the antioxidant activity is dependent on the amount and category of bioactive phenols in the extracts.","PeriodicalId":34955,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Biosystems Engineering / Le Genie des biosystems au Canada","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43854034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dry mass loss (DML) of Sound canola and Mouldy canola (sound + mouldy canola) was measured at 25, 30, and 35oC over 14 weeks by weighing 10 kg samples every 2 week. The moisture content of the canola was 10, 12.5, and 15.0% (wet basis). The relationship was quantified among the DML measured gravimetrically, germination decrease rate (GDR), and decrease in the percentage of test weight (PTW). The measured DML was also compared with the DML estimated from respired CO2. The measured DML increased as germination and test weight decreased, and the Spearmen Rank Order correlation between DML and germination or between DML and PTW was greater than 0.58 in 18 of 24 cases. The GDR of mouldy canola was significantly higher than that of Sound canola except at 15% moisture content and 35oC. A decrease of germination and/or PTW could be used to estimate roughly the DML trend but did not predict the DML value with high accuracy. There was no significant difference between the measured- and estimated-DML. Measuring the mass loss or CO2 production roughly estimated DML but using DML to evaluate grain quality was unreliable.
{"title":"Dry mass loss of different moisture content canola at different temperatures","authors":"F. Jian, R. Vignesh, Liam Carlin","doi":"10.7451/cbe.2020.62.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7451/cbe.2020.62.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Dry mass loss (DML) of Sound canola and Mouldy canola (sound + mouldy canola) was measured at 25, 30, and 35oC over 14 weeks by weighing 10 kg samples every 2 week. The moisture content of the canola was 10, 12.5, and 15.0% (wet basis). The relationship was quantified among the DML measured gravimetrically, germination decrease rate (GDR), and decrease in the percentage of test weight (PTW). The measured DML was also compared with the DML estimated from respired CO2. The measured DML increased as germination and test weight decreased, and the Spearmen Rank Order correlation between DML and germination or between DML and PTW was greater than 0.58 in 18 of 24 cases. The GDR of mouldy canola was significantly higher than that of Sound canola except at 15% moisture content and 35oC. A decrease of germination and/or PTW could be used to estimate roughly the DML trend but did not predict the DML value with high accuracy. There was no significant difference between the measured- and estimated-DML. Measuring the mass loss or CO2 production roughly estimated DML but using DML to evaluate grain quality was unreliable.","PeriodicalId":34955,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Biosystems Engineering / Le Genie des biosystems au Canada","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48122315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Alvarado, Jingjing P. Cabahug, Bernado Predicala
Animal transportation is widely recognized as a significant risk for disease transmission. At present, cleanliness of animal transport trailers is mostly assessed through subjective visual inspection (i.e., ‘white-glove’ test), which may sometimes be supplemented by microbiological testing with results obtained after at least 2-3 days. In this study, the feasibility of using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence method as a rapid tool for objectively assessing animal transport trailer cleanliness was investigated. Eighteen newly-cleaned transport trailers were tested using both ATP bioluminescence and microbiological techniques. In each trailer, six (6) locations including floors, walls, ramps, partitions and trailer exterior surfaces were sampled using an ATP meter, and MacConkey and R2A agar contact plates. From a total of more than 500 paired samples collected from all the sampled trailers, significant correlation was found between ATP bioluminescence method and standard microbiological technique using R2A agar (r = 0.206; p = 0.001) and MacConkey agar (r = 0.154; p = 0.002) plates. Using a threshold or ‘Pass’ limit of 390 RLU per 100 cm2 of trailer surface, ATP method was able to provide a good objective measure of the surface cleanliness, thus may be considered as an additional tool available for rapid and less costly assessment of trailer surface cleanliness.
{"title":"ATP bioluminescence method as a rapid tool for assessment of cleanliness of commercial animal transport trailers","authors":"A. Alvarado, Jingjing P. Cabahug, Bernado Predicala","doi":"10.7451/cbe.2020.62.5.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7451/cbe.2020.62.5.1","url":null,"abstract":"Animal transportation is widely recognized as a significant risk for disease transmission. At present, cleanliness of animal transport trailers is mostly assessed through subjective visual inspection (i.e., ‘white-glove’ test), which may sometimes be supplemented by microbiological testing with results obtained after at least 2-3 days. In this study, the feasibility of using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence method as a rapid tool for objectively assessing animal transport trailer cleanliness was investigated. Eighteen newly-cleaned transport trailers were tested using both ATP bioluminescence and microbiological techniques. In each trailer, six (6) locations including floors, walls, ramps, partitions and trailer exterior surfaces were sampled using an ATP meter, and MacConkey and R2A agar contact plates. From a total of more than 500 paired samples collected from all the sampled trailers, significant correlation was found between ATP bioluminescence method and standard microbiological technique using R2A agar (r = 0.206; p = 0.001) and MacConkey agar (r = 0.154; p = 0.002) plates. Using a threshold or ‘Pass’ limit of 390 RLU per 100 cm2 of trailer surface, ATP method was able to provide a good objective measure of the surface cleanliness, thus may be considered as an additional tool available for rapid and less costly assessment of trailer surface cleanliness.","PeriodicalId":34955,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Biosystems Engineering / Le Genie des biosystems au Canada","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41531117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The scientific literature provides a description of various models depicting autonomous agricultural machines working to complete typical field operations. Many of the models involve some form of automation interface that is used by the machine owner to supervise the operation of the machine from a remote location. The objective of this study was to interview experts in the design of autonomous agricultural machines (university researchers, entrepreneurs, and leaders in the agricultural machinery sector) to ascertain their opinions about future autonomous agricultural machines, particularly related to how such machines will be supervised by the machine’s owner. Of the four remote supervision concepts described by participants (within the field, close to the field, from the farm office, and outside the farm site), the close-to-the-field remote supervision concept was determined to be the most viable concept. Designers were divided on the idea of providing real-time live video on the automation interface, however, most of them believed that having live video would reassure the farmer that everything was going well. Desktop computer, tablet and phone were the main devices recommended as tools for remote supervision (i.e., the hardware on which to display the automation interface), with tablet perhaps being the preferred alternative.
{"title":"Remote supervision of autonomous agricultural machines: Concepts and feasibility","authors":"U. Edet, D. Mann","doi":"10.7451/cbe.2020.62.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7451/cbe.2020.62.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The scientific literature provides a description of various models depicting autonomous agricultural machines working to complete typical field operations. Many of the models involve some form of automation interface that is used by the machine owner to supervise the operation of the machine from a remote location. The objective of this study was to interview experts in the design of autonomous agricultural machines (university researchers, entrepreneurs, and leaders in the agricultural machinery sector) to ascertain their opinions about future autonomous agricultural machines, particularly related to how such machines will be supervised by the machine’s owner. Of the four remote supervision concepts described by participants (within the field, close to the field, from the farm office, and outside the farm site), the close-to-the-field remote supervision concept was determined to be the most viable concept. Designers were divided on the idea of providing real-time live video on the automation interface, however, most of them believed that having live video would reassure the farmer that everything was going well. Desktop computer, tablet and phone were the main devices recommended as tools for remote supervision (i.e., the hardware on which to display the automation interface), with tablet perhaps being the preferred alternative.","PeriodicalId":34955,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Biosystems Engineering / Le Genie des biosystems au Canada","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45036040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An exploratory case study was designed to determine the relative importance of the Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board (CEAB) graduate attributes as perceived by University of Manitoba engineering stakeholders. Findings were used to examine the content validity of the Biosystems Engineering program. The overarching objective was to explore how graduate attribute emphasis in engineering programs reflect graduate attribute importance reported by key stakeholders. Problem Analysis, Investigation, Design, Communication Skills, Impact of Engineering on Society & the Environment, and Use of Engineering Tools had similar expected (mean relative importance) and observed (content and assessment program coverage) data percentages. The gap was wider for other graduate attributes, with the most surprising being Knowledge Base. Overall, the pattern of results suggests that various professional attributes (e.g., Professionalism, Ethics & Equity, and Lifelong Learning) should be more prominent in content and assessments within an engineering program. Recommendations to improve methods to assess content validity in engineering programs are discussed.
{"title":"Using content validity measures to evaluate the Biosystems Engineering Program at the University of Manitoba","authors":"Jillian Seniuk Cicek, R. Renaud, Danny Mann","doi":"10.7451/cbe.2020.62.9.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7451/cbe.2020.62.9.1","url":null,"abstract":"An exploratory case study was designed to determine the relative importance of the Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board (CEAB) graduate attributes as perceived by University of Manitoba engineering stakeholders. Findings were used to examine the content validity of the Biosystems Engineering program. The overarching objective was to explore how graduate attribute emphasis in engineering programs reflect graduate attribute importance reported by key stakeholders. Problem Analysis, Investigation, Design, Communication Skills, Impact of Engineering on Society & the Environment, and Use of Engineering Tools had similar expected (mean relative importance) and observed (content and assessment program coverage) data percentages. The gap was wider for other graduate attributes, with the most surprising being Knowledge Base. Overall, the pattern of results suggests that various professional attributes (e.g., Professionalism, Ethics & Equity, and Lifelong Learning) should be more prominent in content and assessments within an engineering program. Recommendations to improve methods to assess content validity in engineering programs are discussed.","PeriodicalId":34955,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Biosystems Engineering / Le Genie des biosystems au Canada","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45789750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raul Avila, J. Schoenau, T. King, B. Si, M. Grevers
Compaction induced by field wheel traffic and dense layers in the subsoil may adversely alter soil structure, impede soil aeration, restrict water infiltration and nutrient uptake, and inhibit plant root development, negatively affecting plant yields. Reclaiming compacted Chernozemic and Solonetzic soils with hardpan B horizons may be possible through subsoiling operations to loosen the soil to depth, e.g. ~0.30 m. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of subsoiling on soil physical properties and plant yield in wheel traffic compacted and non-compacted Chernozemic and Solonetzic soils in southern Saskatchewan Canada. Subsoiling increased air permeability in the compacted Chernozemic soil from 4.5x10-7 m sec-1 to 2.9x10-6 m sec-1. In the compacted Solonetzic soil, subsoiling significantly decreased soil cone index to 1579 kPa compared to 2376 kPa in the non-subsoiled treatment. Crop yields (hard red spring wheat, dry peas) in the two years following the treatment were similar among tillage and compaction treatments in the Chernozemic soil. However, subsoiling of the compacted Solonetzic soil resulted in a seed yield increase of canola of ~ 1000 kg ha-1 in the first year of study and no treatment effect in the second year when wheat was grown. Overall, subsoiling of the compacted soils tended to improve soil physical properties, especially in the Solonetzic soils.
田间车轮交通和底土中的致密层引起的压实可能会对土壤结构产生不利影响，阻碍土壤通气，限制水分渗透和养分吸收，并抑制植物根系发育，对植物产量产生不利影响。可以通过深松作业将压实的黑钙土和Solonetzic土壤开垦为硬土层B，将土壤疏松至深度，例如约0.30m。本研究的目的是评估深松对加拿大萨斯喀彻温省南部轮式交通压实和非压实黑钙土及Solonetzec土壤的土壤物理性质和植物产量的影响。底土使压实的黑钙土的透气性从4.5x10-7 m sec-1增加到2.9x10-6 m sec-1。在压实的Solonetzic土壤中，深松显著降低了土壤锥指数至1579kPa，而非深松处理的土壤锥指数为2376kPa。在黑钙土中，耕作和压实处理后两年的作物产量（硬红春小麦、干豌豆）相似。然而，在研究的第一年，对压实的Solonetzic土壤进行深松处理可使油菜的种子产量增加约1000 kg ha-1，而在种植小麦的第二年则没有处理效果。总的来说，压实土壤的深松有助于改善土壤的物理性质，尤其是在Solonetzic土壤中。
{"title":"Effects of subsoiling tillage on structure, permeability, and crop yields on compacted Solonetzic and Chernozemic dryland soils in Western Canada","authors":"Raul Avila, J. Schoenau, T. King, B. Si, M. Grevers","doi":"10.7451/cbe.2020.62.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7451/cbe.2020.62.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Compaction induced by field wheel traffic and dense layers in the subsoil may adversely alter soil structure, impede soil aeration, restrict water infiltration and nutrient uptake, and inhibit plant root development, negatively affecting plant yields. Reclaiming compacted Chernozemic and Solonetzic soils with hardpan B horizons may be possible through subsoiling operations to loosen the soil to depth, e.g. ~0.30 m. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of subsoiling on soil physical properties and plant yield in wheel traffic compacted and non-compacted Chernozemic and Solonetzic soils in southern Saskatchewan Canada. Subsoiling increased air permeability in the compacted Chernozemic soil from 4.5x10-7 m sec-1 to 2.9x10-6 m sec-1. In the compacted Solonetzic soil, subsoiling significantly decreased soil cone index to 1579 kPa compared to 2376 kPa in the non-subsoiled treatment. Crop yields (hard red spring wheat, dry peas) in the two years following the treatment were similar among tillage and compaction treatments in the Chernozemic soil. However, subsoiling of the compacted Solonetzic soil resulted in a seed yield increase of canola of ~ 1000 kg ha-1 in the first year of study and no treatment effect in the second year when wheat was grown. Overall, subsoiling of the compacted soils tended to improve soil physical properties, especially in the Solonetzic soils.","PeriodicalId":34955,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Biosystems Engineering / Le Genie des biosystems au Canada","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48981780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.7451/cbe.2021.63.2.33
Peng Li, Naiqian Zhang, L. Wagner, Fred Fox, D. Oard, H. Lagae, MIngqiang Han
A vehicle-based laser measurement system was developed to measure the surface microtopography and to generate high-resolution digital elevation models (DEM). The accuracy of the system in microtopography measurement was evaluated in the laboratory by comparing the DEM data generated by this system with that generated by a more accurate, stationary laser profile meter for several surfaces, including an artificial sand-stone-ridged surface. DEM data was created by interpolating the 3D raw data into a regular, square grid using a two-dimensional, distance-weighted interpolation algorithm. The DEMs were compared using an image-matching method to calculate the correlation coefficient. A test to study the effect of ambient light on elevation measurement under indoor and outdoor environments was also conducted. Correlation coefficients greater than 0.935 were achieved between the DEMs measured by the vehicle-based system and the stationary laser profile meter. The correlation coefficients among the four replications of the DEMs measured by the vehicle-based system were greater than 0.988, indicating that the vehicle-based laser system can provide consistent elevation measurements. Correlation coefficients among the DEMs of the sand-stone-ridged surface measured by the vehicle-based system at different times of the day and under different indoor fluorescent lighting conditions were all above 0.982. Correlation coefficients among DEMs taken at different times of the day and under different outdoor sunlight conditions were all above 0.971. These results indicated that neither the fluorescent light nor the sunlight had a significant effect on the measurements obtained by the vehicle-based laser system. The system provided consistent elevation measurements under both indoor and outdoor lighting conditions.
{"title":"A Vehicle-Based Laser System for High-Resolution DEM Development – Performance in Micro-topography Measurement.","authors":"Peng Li, Naiqian Zhang, L. Wagner, Fred Fox, D. Oard, H. Lagae, MIngqiang Han","doi":"10.7451/cbe.2021.63.2.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7451/cbe.2021.63.2.33","url":null,"abstract":"A vehicle-based laser measurement system was developed to measure the surface microtopography and to generate high-resolution digital elevation models (DEM). The accuracy of the system in microtopography measurement was evaluated in the laboratory by comparing the DEM data generated by this system with that generated by a more accurate, stationary laser profile meter for several surfaces, including an artificial sand-stone-ridged surface. DEM data was created by interpolating the 3D raw data into a regular, square grid using a two-dimensional, distance-weighted interpolation algorithm. The DEMs were compared using an image-matching method to calculate the correlation coefficient. A test to study the effect of ambient light on elevation measurement under indoor and outdoor environments was also conducted. Correlation coefficients greater than 0.935 were achieved between the DEMs measured by the vehicle-based system and the stationary laser profile meter. The correlation coefficients among the four replications of the DEMs measured by the vehicle-based system were greater than 0.988, indicating that the vehicle-based laser system can provide consistent elevation measurements. Correlation coefficients among the DEMs of the sand-stone-ridged surface measured by the vehicle-based system at different times of the day and under different indoor fluorescent lighting conditions were all above 0.982. Correlation coefficients among DEMs taken at different times of the day and under different outdoor sunlight conditions were all above 0.971. These results indicated that neither the fluorescent light nor the sunlight had a significant effect on the measurements obtained by the vehicle-based laser system. The system provided consistent elevation measurements under both indoor and outdoor lighting conditions.","PeriodicalId":34955,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Biosystems Engineering / Le Genie des biosystems au Canada","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45253925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.7451/cbe.2021.63.2.41
Daniel Iftime, C. Laguë
Agricultural labour shortages coupled with a required increase in global food production and increasingly stringent sustainable farming legislation are creating a ‘perfect storm’ opportunity for a much greater reliance on electric and autonomous technologies in agriculture. Fuel cell (FC), electric vehicle (EV), and connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV) technologies are being successfully adapted to meet the needs of several on-road and off-road vehicular applications. In this article, we focus on the feasibility of integrating FC, EV, and CAV technologies to power units adapted to the autonomous completion of agricultural field operations. Such small-scale autonomous agricultural power units (AAPU) would be intended for cluster/fleet operations and feature communication capabilities facilitated through a next-generation network infrastructure. These AAPUs would be compatible with a variety of agricultural implements to provide operational versatility and value to a wide range of farming operations. Such FC & EV powered AAPUs could reduce lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural operations by an average of 70% relative to emissions from diesel power units. This article further demonstrates that these autonomous technologies could be leveraged at a cost comparable to current diesel operations in agriculture.
{"title":"Connected and autonomous electric and fuel-cell powered agricultural power units: A feasibility study.","authors":"Daniel Iftime, C. Laguë","doi":"10.7451/cbe.2021.63.2.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7451/cbe.2021.63.2.41","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural labour shortages coupled with a required increase in global food production and increasingly stringent sustainable farming legislation are creating a ‘perfect storm’ opportunity for a much greater reliance on electric and autonomous technologies in agriculture. Fuel cell (FC), electric vehicle (EV), and connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV) technologies are being successfully adapted to meet the needs of several on-road and off-road vehicular applications. In this article, we focus on the feasibility of integrating FC, EV, and CAV technologies to power units adapted to the autonomous completion of agricultural field operations. Such small-scale autonomous agricultural power units (AAPU) would be intended for cluster/fleet operations and feature communication capabilities facilitated through a next-generation network infrastructure. These AAPUs would be compatible with a variety of agricultural implements to provide operational versatility and value to a wide range of farming operations. Such FC & EV powered AAPUs could reduce lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural operations by an average of 70% relative to emissions from diesel power units. This article further demonstrates that these autonomous technologies could be leveraged at a cost comparable to current diesel operations in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":34955,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Biosystems Engineering / Le Genie des biosystems au Canada","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46564402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.7451/cbe.2021.63.9.19
Danny Mann, Jason Morrison
Several authors have previously promoted the transformation of the application-based agricultural engineering discipline into a biology-based biological engineering discipline. A systematic analysis of titles for courses being taught by ASABE-umbrella programs across North America was undertaken to identify curricular differences between biology-based and application-based “bio” engineering disciplines. Based on 44 ASABE-umbrella programs analyzed, the four most commonly used program names were biological engineering (25%), biosystems engineering (20%), biological systems engineering (15.9%) and agricultural engineering (13.6%). Definitions of these four program names were reviewed; biosystems, biological systems and agricultural engineering are typically defined such that they are best described as application-based “bio” engineering disciplines while biological engineering is best described as a biology-based engineering discipline. Based on statistical analysis of the frequency of words in course titles, there was a significant increase in the usage of the word “food” and a lack of the word “project” in the course titles within biological engineering programs. Over half of the unique options were found in biological engineering programs suggesting that they do offer unique course content compared with biosystems, biological systems and agricultural engineering degree programs, however, it is noteworthy that four options appear across all four degrees. It is concluded that there are curricular differences between biology-based and application-based “bio” engineering disciplines, however, the curricular differences are not as substantive as one might conclude from the philosophical discussions in the literature. Alternatively, it may simply not be possible to detect curricular differences solely from an analysis of the course titles
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