Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i9-108810
Rakshitha V., J. Suresh, C. N. Reddy, Channappa Gireesh
Early seedling vigour, a key trait in rice cultivation, significantly impacts plant establishment, growth and yield. The study applies path analysis to assess various rice traits and their direct and indirect contributions to early seedling vigour aiming to enhance breeding strategies for resilient rice varieties. A total of 168 rice genotypes from the 3K rice panel were evaluated for early seedling vigour traits under laboratory conditions. Key traits measured included germination percentage, seedling length, shoot length, root length, total fresh weight and total dry weight at 7 days after keeping for germination. Correlation studies showed germination percentage, seedling length, shoot length, root length, total fresh weight and total dry weight traits had significantly positive relationships with seedling vigour indices I and II. Path coefficient analysis identified positive direct effect on seedling vigour index I was exerted by germination percentage, seedling length, root length, shoot length and total dry weight and negative direct effect by total fresh weight. In case of Seedling vigour index II, positive direct effect was exerted via germination percentage, shoot length and total dry weight and negative direct effect via seedling length, root length and total fresh weight. Path results highlighted that, total dry weight as the most crucial trait with the highest positive effects on seedling vigour index II. Our findings indicate that selecting for these traits can effectively improve early seedling vigour in rice hybrids, aiding in the development of superior rice varieties for direct seeded condition.
早苗活力是水稻栽培中的一个关键性状，对植株的建立、生长和产量有显著影响。本研究运用路径分析评估了水稻的各种性状及其对早苗活力的直接和间接贡献，旨在加强抗逆性水稻品种的育种策略。在实验室条件下，对 3K 水稻面板中的 168 个水稻基因型进行了早苗活力性状评估。测量的主要性状包括发芽率、苗长、芽长、根长、发芽后 7 天的总鲜重和总干重。相关研究表明，发芽率、苗长、芽长、根长、总鲜重和总干重与幼苗活力指数 I 和 II 呈显著正相关。路径系数分析表明，发芽率、苗长、根长、芽长和总干重对幼苗活力指数 I 有正向直接影响，而总鲜重对幼苗活力指数 I 有负向直接影响。对于幼苗活力指数 II，发芽率、芽长和总干重产生正的直接效应，苗长、根长和总鲜重产生负的直接效应。路径结果表明，总干重是最关键的性状，对幼苗活力指数 II 的正效应最高。我们的研究结果表明，选择这些性状可以有效提高水稻杂交种的早期幼苗活力，有助于培育直播条件下的优良水稻品种。
{"title":"Character Association and Path Coefficient Analysis for Early Seedling Vigour Traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Rakshitha V., J. Suresh, C. N. Reddy, Channappa Gireesh","doi":"10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i9-108810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i9-108810","url":null,"abstract":"Early seedling vigour, a key trait in rice cultivation, significantly impacts plant establishment, growth and yield. The study applies path analysis to assess various rice traits and their direct and indirect contributions to early seedling vigour aiming to enhance breeding strategies for resilient rice varieties. A total of 168 rice genotypes from the 3K rice panel were evaluated for early seedling vigour traits under laboratory conditions. Key traits measured included germination percentage, seedling length, shoot length, root length, total fresh weight and total dry weight at 7 days after keeping for germination. Correlation studies showed germination percentage, seedling length, shoot length, root length, total fresh weight and total dry weight traits had significantly positive relationships with seedling vigour indices I and II. Path coefficient analysis identified positive direct effect on seedling vigour index I was exerted by germination percentage, seedling length, root length, shoot length and total dry weight and negative direct effect by total fresh weight. In case of Seedling vigour index II, positive direct effect was exerted via germination percentage, shoot length and total dry weight and negative direct effect via seedling length, root length and total fresh weight. Path results highlighted that, total dry weight as the most crucial trait with the highest positive effects on seedling vigour index II. Our findings indicate that selecting for these traits can effectively improve early seedling vigour in rice hybrids, aiding in the development of superior rice varieties for direct seeded condition.","PeriodicalId":34999,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141925576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i9-108788
D. Ramakrishna, C. Pavani, V. Spoorthi, P. Nirosha, D. S. Bai, T. Shasthree
In the present study, we have examined the responses of different Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains for the hairy root production and evaluated the concentration of bioactive compound Cucurbitacin E in hairy roots and normal in vitro root cultures. Leaf explants were more suitable for production of hairy roots through A. rhizogenes. This protocol facilitates mass production of bioactive compounds from medicinal plant roots. Hairy root cultures of C. colocynthis were established after infecting cotyledon, leaf, stem and callus segments with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains-A4, Ar532, ARqua1 and R1000 were cultured on Murashige and Skoog phytohormone-free media. Among all the Agrobacterium- strains used, R1000 induced hairy roots more effectively with a frequency of transformation of 80.1% in leaf explants. Addition of 150 μM acetosyringone to the co-cultivation medium resulted in a two-fold induction of root hairs from leaf explants infected with strain R1000, followed by 20 min and three days of co-cultivation also demonstrated to increase the percentage of infection. Cefotaxime at a concentration of 300 mg/L was found to be optimum for the hairy root production without any damage to explants and control the growth of bacterial culture.
{"title":"Effect of Different Agrobacterium rhizogenes Strains on In-vitro Hairy Root Induction for Cucurbitacin E Production in Citrullus colocynthis","authors":"D. Ramakrishna, C. Pavani, V. Spoorthi, P. Nirosha, D. S. Bai, T. Shasthree","doi":"10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i9-108788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i9-108788","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, we have examined the responses of different Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains for the hairy root production and evaluated the concentration of bioactive compound Cucurbitacin E in hairy roots and normal in vitro root cultures. Leaf explants were more suitable for production of hairy roots through A. rhizogenes. This protocol facilitates mass production of bioactive compounds from medicinal plant roots. Hairy root cultures of C. colocynthis were established after infecting cotyledon, leaf, stem and callus segments with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains-A4, Ar532, ARqua1 and R1000 were cultured on Murashige and Skoog phytohormone-free media. Among all the Agrobacterium- strains used, R1000 induced hairy roots more effectively with a frequency of transformation of 80.1% in leaf explants. Addition of 150 μM acetosyringone to the co-cultivation medium resulted in a two-fold induction of root hairs from leaf explants infected with strain R1000, followed by 20 min and three days of co-cultivation also demonstrated to increase the percentage of infection. Cefotaxime at a concentration of 300 mg/L was found to be optimum for the hairy root production without any damage to explants and control the growth of bacterial culture.","PeriodicalId":34999,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141802294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-19DOI: 10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i9-108783
Shibsankar Das
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) usually controls the gene by binding to complementary sites of 3’ untranslated region of its target genes. Numerous criteria-based and machine learning approaches are available in the literature to predict miRNA–mRNA interactions, but most of them struggle with either high false positive or false negative rates and also don’t show good validation with experimentally validated positive and negative examples. Here we present microTarget, a new computational approach for identifying miRNA target genes which are based on complementarity score, thermodynamic duplex stability and also independent of conservation of target sites in related genomes. In this article, we validated our algorithm using positive and negative data from the literature in various human tissues, and our method outperformed existing computational methods such as miRanda, RNA22, and PITA. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) and Matthew's correlation coefficient (MCC) were calculated using experimentally validated data, and they reveal that microTarget greatly improves miRNA target prediction compared to the three algorithms employed individually. Additionally, an F-score analysis demonstrated that microTarget greatly enhances the relevance of the other techniques. Thus, microTarget is a useful tool for biologists looking for miRNA targets and integrating them into biological contexts.
{"title":"Micro Target: MicroRNA Target Prediction and Validation with Experimentally Positive and Negative Examples","authors":"Shibsankar Das","doi":"10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i9-108783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i9-108783","url":null,"abstract":"MicroRNAs (miRNAs) usually controls the gene by binding to complementary sites of 3’ untranslated region of its target genes. Numerous criteria-based and machine learning approaches are available in the literature to predict miRNA–mRNA interactions, but most of them struggle with either high false positive or false negative rates and also don’t show good validation with experimentally validated positive and negative examples. Here we present microTarget, a new computational approach for identifying miRNA target genes which are based on complementarity score, thermodynamic duplex stability and also independent of conservation of target sites in related genomes. In this article, we validated our algorithm using positive and negative data from the literature in various human tissues, and our method outperformed existing computational methods such as miRanda, RNA22, and PITA. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) and Matthew's correlation coefficient (MCC) were calculated using experimentally validated data, and they reveal that microTarget greatly improves miRNA target prediction compared to the three algorithms employed individually. Additionally, an F-score analysis demonstrated that microTarget greatly enhances the relevance of the other techniques. Thus, microTarget is a useful tool for biologists looking for miRNA targets and integrating them into biological contexts.","PeriodicalId":34999,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology","volume":" 985","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i9-108758
Vijesh Kumar I P, Divya P. Syamaladevi, S. T. E.
Black pepper, often referred to as “Black Gold” is primarily a culinary spice and is commonly used in traditional medicine. A large and diverse black pepper germplasm is available in and around the centre of origin, the tropical evergreen forests of the Western Ghats in India. As the full bearing age in black pepper is 6-7 years, the time and effort required to bring about a tangible trait improvement through conventional breeding is huge and it often takes decades for the development of a new variety. Needless to say, combining different traits like biotic and abiotic stress tolerance with industry-acceptable yield and quality traits, thus becomes a daunting task and a distant dream. Biotechnological interventions in plant breeding have proven their potential to facilitate speedy crop improvement. The present review provides a fair account of biotechnology research that happened in black pepper in recent times. It underlines the scope of biotechnological tools as ways and means to produce high-yielding, superior-quality and stress-resilient varieties. This article focuses on the studies in gene expression and regulation in black pepper during different stages of crop and environmental stimuli. Molecular insights from such studies are expected to contribute considerably to increase crop resilience and productivity.
{"title":"‘Spicing up’ with Biotechnology: Trends and Developments in Black Pepper (Piper nigrum) Research","authors":"Vijesh Kumar I P, Divya P. Syamaladevi, S. T. E.","doi":"10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i9-108758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i9-108758","url":null,"abstract":"Black pepper, often referred to as “Black Gold” is primarily a culinary spice and is commonly used in traditional medicine. A large and diverse black pepper germplasm is available in and around the centre of origin, the tropical evergreen forests of the Western Ghats in India. As the full bearing age in black pepper is 6-7 years, the time and effort required to bring about a tangible trait improvement through conventional breeding is huge and it often takes decades for the development of a new variety. Needless to say, combining different traits like biotic and abiotic stress tolerance with industry-acceptable yield and quality traits, thus becomes a daunting task and a distant dream. Biotechnological interventions in plant breeding have proven their potential to facilitate speedy crop improvement. The present review provides a fair account of biotechnology research that happened in black pepper in recent times. It underlines the scope of biotechnological tools as ways and means to produce high-yielding, superior-quality and stress-resilient varieties. This article focuses on the studies in gene expression and regulation in black pepper during different stages of crop and environmental stimuli. Molecular insights from such studies are expected to contribute considerably to increase crop resilience and productivity.","PeriodicalId":34999,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology","volume":" 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141677707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Present experiment was conducted during the rabi season at the, Department of vegetable science, Chandrashekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. The experiment was carried out under in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The experiment encompassed seven treatments including a control: T1 - Nitrogen 00 kg/ha, T2 - Nitrogen 50 kg/ha, T3 - Nitrogen 100 kg/ha, T4 - Nitrogen 150 kg/ha, T5 - Nitrogen 200 kg/ha, T6 - Nitrogen 250 kg/ha, and T7 - Nitrogen 300 kg/ha, each replicated three times. Various growth characteristics were evaluated, including plant Emergence (%), plant height (cm) at 25, 50, and 75 days after planting, the number of shoots per plant at 75 days after planting, the number of compound leaves per plant at 75 days after planting, the number of tubers of different grades, Total tuber yield, and tuber dry matter content. The results demonstrated that applying nitrogen at a rate of 200 kg/ha (T5) significantly increases the plant emergence (%) viz. 96.61, tuber number of different grades viz. 320 ( 0-25 g), 402 (25-75 g), 297 (>75 g) and total tuber yield viz. 71.49 ( kg/plot) and 372.34 (q/ha), while applying nitrogen at a rate of 300 kg/ha (T7) significantly increases the plant height (cm) at different days DAP viz. 23.28 (25 DAP), 52.32 (50 DAP), 63.93 (75 DAP), No. of shoots and leaves viz. 5.92 and 37.91 at 75 DAP respectively, Fresh and dry haulm yield (kg/plot) viz. 34.46 and 4.89 respectively, while Tuber dry matter content (%) viz. 18.74 was found highest in the contol i.e. T1 having no nitrogen application.
{"title":"Impact of Standardizing Macro-Nutrient (Nitrogen) Requirement in Newly Released Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) var. Kufri Neelkanth","authors":"Mandeep Kumar Diwakar, Rajiv, R.B. Singh, D.P. Singh, Anurag Yadav, Shashikant Maurya, Nirankar, Chandrashekhar Singh, Vikas Pratap Singh","doi":"10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i7-88733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i7-88733","url":null,"abstract":"Present experiment was conducted during the rabi season at the, Department of vegetable science, Chandrashekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur. The experiment was carried out under in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The experiment encompassed seven treatments including a control: T1 - Nitrogen 00 kg/ha, T2 - Nitrogen 50 kg/ha, T3 - Nitrogen 100 kg/ha, T4 - Nitrogen 150 kg/ha, T5 - Nitrogen 200 kg/ha, T6 - Nitrogen 250 kg/ha, and T7 - Nitrogen 300 kg/ha, each replicated three times. Various growth characteristics were evaluated, including plant Emergence (%), plant height (cm) at 25, 50, and 75 days after planting, the number of shoots per plant at 75 days after planting, the number of compound leaves per plant at 75 days after planting, the number of tubers of different grades, Total tuber yield, and tuber dry matter content. The results demonstrated that applying nitrogen at a rate of 200 kg/ha (T5) significantly increases the plant emergence (%) viz. 96.61, tuber number of different grades viz. 320 ( 0-25 g), 402 (25-75 g), 297 (>75 g) and total tuber yield viz. 71.49 ( kg/plot) and 372.34 (q/ha), while applying nitrogen at a rate of 300 kg/ha (T7) significantly increases the plant height (cm) at different days DAP viz. 23.28 (25 DAP), 52.32 (50 DAP), 63.93 (75 DAP), No. of shoots and leaves viz. 5.92 and 37.91 at 75 DAP respectively, Fresh and dry haulm yield (kg/plot) viz. 34.46 and 4.89 respectively, while Tuber dry matter content (%) viz. 18.74 was found highest in the contol i.e. T1 having no nitrogen application.","PeriodicalId":34999,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology","volume":"71 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141348181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i7-88731
Arpit Choubey, R. P. Joshi, Shruti Paliwal
Kodo millet is well- known for its low glycemic index, high nutritional content (iron, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus), resistance to drought and reliable sources of protein. Kodo millet is naturally a gluten-free crop. Kodo millet is not only a healthy and adoptable crop, but it also contributes to sustainable agriculture and food security in drought-affected regions. Present study was carry out to know the extent of genetic variability and estimation of correlation and path coefficient. This field experiment was conducted in randomized block design with three replications during Kharif 2020 at experimental area of small millet project, instructional farm, Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics JNKVV, College of Agriculture Rewa (M.P). The data was recorded for 14 quantitative characters of 30 kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) genotypes to estimate the genetic variability, phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variance, correlation and path coefficient. The analysis of variance demonstrate that genotypes differ significantly for all the characters included in the study. The coefficients of variation at phenotypic (PCV) and (GCV) levels was observed in harvest index, biological yield per plant and number of tillers per plant. High heritability accompanied with high genetic advance as percentage of mean were recorded for number of tillers per plant, flag leaf length, harvest index, biological yield per plant, peduncle length, flag leaf width, length of longest raceme, thumb raceme length and grain yield per plant. Correlation analysis revealed that grain yield had a strong positive and highly significant association with biological yield per plant followed by flag leaf length, harvest index, flag leaf width, plant height, 1000 grain weight and peduncle length. Path coefficient analysis at phenotypic level revealed the harvest index have the greatest positive direct effect on grain yield per plant followed by biological yield per plant, flag leaf length, 1000 grain weight, day to maturity, number of tillers per plant, plant height, flag leaf width, length of inflorescence and peduncle length whereas, negative direct effects on grain yield per plant was contributed by days to 50% flowering, thumb raceme length and length of longest raceme. Genotypes RPS900, RPS921, RPS828, RPS963, RPS693, KMV565 and KMV559 have been verified as high-yielding varieties, hence these genotypes might be utilized for future breeding programs in Kodo millet.
{"title":"Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient of Yield Components and Other Agronomic of Kodo Millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.)","authors":"Arpit Choubey, R. P. Joshi, Shruti Paliwal","doi":"10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i7-88731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i7-88731","url":null,"abstract":"Kodo millet is well- known for its low glycemic index, high nutritional content (iron, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus), resistance to drought and reliable sources of protein. Kodo millet is naturally a gluten-free crop. Kodo millet is not only a healthy and adoptable crop, but it also contributes to sustainable agriculture and food security in drought-affected regions. Present study was carry out to know the extent of genetic variability and estimation of correlation and path coefficient. This field experiment was conducted in randomized block design with three replications during Kharif 2020 at experimental area of small millet project, instructional farm, Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics JNKVV, College of Agriculture Rewa (M.P). The data was recorded for 14 quantitative characters of 30 kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) genotypes to estimate the genetic variability, phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variance, correlation and path coefficient. The analysis of variance demonstrate that genotypes differ significantly for all the characters included in the study. The coefficients of variation at phenotypic (PCV) and (GCV) levels was observed in harvest index, biological yield per plant and number of tillers per plant. High heritability accompanied with high genetic advance as percentage of mean were recorded for number of tillers per plant, flag leaf length, harvest index, biological yield per plant, peduncle length, flag leaf width, length of longest raceme, thumb raceme length and grain yield per plant. Correlation analysis revealed that grain yield had a strong positive and highly significant association with biological yield per plant followed by flag leaf length, harvest index, flag leaf width, plant height, 1000 grain weight and peduncle length. Path coefficient analysis at phenotypic level revealed the harvest index have the greatest positive direct effect on grain yield per plant followed by biological yield per plant, flag leaf length, 1000 grain weight, day to maturity, number of tillers per plant, plant height, flag leaf width, length of inflorescence and peduncle length whereas, negative direct effects on grain yield per plant was contributed by days to 50% flowering, thumb raceme length and length of longest raceme. Genotypes RPS900, RPS921, RPS828, RPS963, RPS693, KMV565 and KMV559 have been verified as high-yielding varieties, hence these genotypes might be utilized for future breeding programs in Kodo millet.","PeriodicalId":34999,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology","volume":"22 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141353568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i7-88729
Smit Patel, Deshraj Gurjar
Speed breeding has emerged as a transformative approach to expedite crop improvement by optimizing environmental conditions to achieve rapid generation turnover. This technique manipulates factors such as photoperiod, temperature, light intensity, and nutrition to hasten plant growth and reproduction cycles. Through the production of 4-6 generations per year, compared to 1-2 generations in traditional breeding, speed breeding unlocks the potential for rapid development of crop varieties with enhanced yield potential, biotic and abiotic stress resilience, improved nutritional quality, and climate adaptation. The key principles involve tailoring photoperiods, controlling temperatures, employing specialized lighting, creating controlled environments, and formulating targeted nutrition. Speed breeding has diverse applications across cereals, legumes, vegetables, and other crops, enabling accelerated introgression of desirable traits, efficient hybrid breeding, and integration with contemporary genomics technologies. The primary advantages of speed breeding include rapid genetic gain, year-round breeding, precision phenotyping and selection, flexibility across diverse species, and seamless integration with molecular tools. However, challenges such as infrastructure costs, protocol optimization needs, genetic diversity implications, phenotyping data management, and accessibility constraints, particularly in developing countries, require attention. Future prospects encompass the integration of advanced genomics techniques, next-generation phenotyping, sustainable approaches, global consortiums for collaboration, capacity building initiatives, and responsible governance frameworks. Realizing the immense potential of speed breeding through collaborative efforts, cutting-edge innovations, and participatory approaches can contribute significantly to global food and nutritional security in the face of climate change.
{"title":"Speed Breeding: A Transformative Approach to Accelerate Crop Improvement","authors":"Smit Patel, Deshraj Gurjar","doi":"10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i7-88729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i7-88729","url":null,"abstract":"Speed breeding has emerged as a transformative approach to expedite crop improvement by optimizing environmental conditions to achieve rapid generation turnover. This technique manipulates factors such as photoperiod, temperature, light intensity, and nutrition to hasten plant growth and reproduction cycles. Through the production of 4-6 generations per year, compared to 1-2 generations in traditional breeding, speed breeding unlocks the potential for rapid development of crop varieties with enhanced yield potential, biotic and abiotic stress resilience, improved nutritional quality, and climate adaptation. The key principles involve tailoring photoperiods, controlling temperatures, employing specialized lighting, creating controlled environments, and formulating targeted nutrition. Speed breeding has diverse applications across cereals, legumes, vegetables, and other crops, enabling accelerated introgression of desirable traits, efficient hybrid breeding, and integration with contemporary genomics technologies. The primary advantages of speed breeding include rapid genetic gain, year-round breeding, precision phenotyping and selection, flexibility across diverse species, and seamless integration with molecular tools. However, challenges such as infrastructure costs, protocol optimization needs, genetic diversity implications, phenotyping data management, and accessibility constraints, particularly in developing countries, require attention. Future prospects encompass the integration of advanced genomics techniques, next-generation phenotyping, sustainable approaches, global consortiums for collaboration, capacity building initiatives, and responsible governance frameworks. Realizing the immense potential of speed breeding through collaborative efforts, cutting-edge innovations, and participatory approaches can contribute significantly to global food and nutritional security in the face of climate change.","PeriodicalId":34999,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology","volume":"123 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141360693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i7-88719
Shruti Paliwal, M. K. Tripathi, S. Tiwari, Niraj Tripathi, P. N. Tiwari, R. S. Sikarwar
In present investigation, disease scoring and SSR-based molecular analysis of 92 linseed genotypes was performed against Alternaria blight resistant line (s) identification. Total 20 markers were used for the study out of which only seven markers showed polymorphism between the resistant and non-resistant lines. A total of 24 alleles were identified with an average of 3.4 alleles per locus for polymorphic SSR markers. The Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) values varied between 0.530-0.662 (Lu_899 to LuC_8166563_1) with an average of 0.60. The primer which showed highest PIC values was LuC_8166563_1 while the lowest was observed for the primer Lu_899. The major allele frequency varied between 0.32 (LUSc_270_01, LU_934, LuC_8166563_1) to 0.54 (Lu_899) with a mean value of 0.40. Population structure analysis revealed that 29 genotypes were assigned to group1 (G1), 33 genotypes to G2 and 30 genotypes were assigned to admixture group G3. The relationship between groups derived from STRUCTURE explained that G1 and G2 comprised of distinct types. The present investigation has helped in differentiating the genotype based on their resistance for the disease. Six genotypes viz., LMS-2015-42, LMS-2014-20, IC0498675, IC0498724, IC0498761 and IC0424878 were identified as highly resistant. While genotypes including IC0525920, IC0498538, IC0498768, IC0526514, IC0305053, IC0385383, and IC0499156 were considered as resistance. Twenty-one were found to be moderately resistant to disease while forty-two moderately susceptible and sixteen susceptible.
{"title":"Screening of Alternaria Blight Resistant Linseed (Linum usitatissimum) Genotypes Based on Disease Indexing and Gene Specific SSR Markers","authors":"Shruti Paliwal, M. K. Tripathi, S. Tiwari, Niraj Tripathi, P. N. Tiwari, R. S. Sikarwar","doi":"10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i7-88719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i7-88719","url":null,"abstract":"In present investigation, disease scoring and SSR-based molecular analysis of 92 linseed genotypes was performed against Alternaria blight resistant line (s) identification. Total 20 markers were used for the study out of which only seven markers showed polymorphism between the resistant and non-resistant lines. A total of 24 alleles were identified with an average of 3.4 alleles per locus for polymorphic SSR markers. The Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) values varied between 0.530-0.662 (Lu_899 to LuC_8166563_1) with an average of 0.60. The primer which showed highest PIC values was LuC_8166563_1 while the lowest was observed for the primer Lu_899. The major allele frequency varied between 0.32 (LUSc_270_01, LU_934, LuC_8166563_1) to 0.54 (Lu_899) with a mean value of 0.40. Population structure analysis revealed that 29 genotypes were assigned to group1 (G1), 33 genotypes to G2 and 30 genotypes were assigned to admixture group G3. The relationship between groups derived from STRUCTURE explained that G1 and G2 comprised of distinct types. The present investigation has helped in differentiating the genotype based on their resistance for the disease. Six genotypes viz., LMS-2015-42, LMS-2014-20, IC0498675, IC0498724, IC0498761 and IC0424878 were identified as highly resistant. While genotypes including IC0525920, IC0498538, IC0498768, IC0526514, IC0305053, IC0385383, and IC0499156 were considered as resistance. Twenty-one were found to be moderately resistant to disease while forty-two moderately susceptible and sixteen susceptible.","PeriodicalId":34999,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology","volume":"285 S1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141386676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study aimed to assess the genetic variability of yield and yield-related traits while examining the direct and indirect effects of trait interactions. Conducted at a research farm in Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, the experiment involved fourteen parents and their BC1F1 crosses, analyzed using a randomized block design (RBD). Significant differences were observed among the varieties for most traits, indicating a broad range of mean values and diversity. Both phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variance (PCV and GCV) were generally low, with biological yield showing the highest values (26.57 for GCV and 40.48 for PCV). PCV values were slightly higher than GCV values. Traits such as seed per spike, biological yield, flag leaf breadth, days of heading, and days of maturity exhibited relatively high heritability. Notably, grain yield showed high heritability and genetic progress, making it a favourable selection indicator. Several traits, including days of anthesis, days of maturity, and spike length, demonstrated significant positive correlations with yield while also showing significant negative correlations with grain filling period and biological yield. Conversely, these traits showed highly non-significant positive correlations with harvest index, plant height, thousand seeds weight, and chlorophyll content and highly non-significant negative correlations with tiller number and seeds per spike.
{"title":"Unraveling Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Analysis for Yield and Its Components in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)","authors":"Sajal Saha, Rahul Kumar, Deepa Bhadana, Pravesh Kumar","doi":"10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i7-88716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i7-88716","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to assess the genetic variability of yield and yield-related traits while examining the direct and indirect effects of trait interactions. Conducted at a research farm in Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India, the experiment involved fourteen parents and their BC1F1 crosses, analyzed using a randomized block design (RBD). Significant differences were observed among the varieties for most traits, indicating a broad range of mean values and diversity. Both phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variance (PCV and GCV) were generally low, with biological yield showing the highest values (26.57 for GCV and 40.48 for PCV). PCV values were slightly higher than GCV values. Traits such as seed per spike, biological yield, flag leaf breadth, days of heading, and days of maturity exhibited relatively high heritability. Notably, grain yield showed high heritability and genetic progress, making it a favourable selection indicator. Several traits, including days of anthesis, days of maturity, and spike length, demonstrated significant positive correlations with yield while also showing significant negative correlations with grain filling period and biological yield. Conversely, these traits showed highly non-significant positive correlations with harvest index, plant height, thousand seeds weight, and chlorophyll content and highly non-significant negative correlations with tiller number and seeds per spike.","PeriodicalId":34999,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology","volume":"54 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141269896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i5-68702
Shruti Paliwal, M. K. Tripathi, R. S. Sikarwar
Flax, or Linum usitatissimum, is a multipurpose crop that may be produced in a variety of climates for use in industry, feed, fibre, and food. It is crucial to characterize and assess an array of genotypes to comprehend the potential of linseed in agriculture. The present investigation focused on agro-morphological characteristics to identify the best germplasm that may be utilized as future donors for linseed breeding. The goal of this study was to find the best germplasm to be used as future donors for linseed breeding by focusing on agro-morphological traits. In the current study, an expanded design was used to test 92 genotypes in total, both alien and native, throughout the course of two seasons, Rabi 2022-23 and Rabi 2023-24. The ninety-two genotypes were found to be organized into seven primary clusters by cluster analysis. Cluster I consist of twenty-four genotypes. Whereas cluster II and cluster III each encompass one genotype i.e., IC394118 and IC0599415 respectively. While cluster IV consists of seventeen genotypes, cluster V contain thirty-one genotypes. Cluster VI consist of seven genotypes. Whereas cluster VII which is the last cluster included eleven genotypes. A broad variation of genetic diversity was found using cluster analysis. The findings of this study open the door for focused breeding initiatives and environmentally friendly farming methods by offering insightful information about the genetic diversity and phenotypic variability of linseed.
亚麻（Linum usitatissimum）是一种多用途作物，可在各种气候条件下生产，用于工业、饲料、纤维和食品。要了解亚麻籽在农业中的潜力，对一系列基因型进行特征描述和评估至关重要。本调查侧重于农业形态特征，以确定可用作亚麻籽育种未来供体的最佳种质。本研究的目标是通过关注农业形态特征，找到可用作亚麻籽育种未来供体的最佳种质。本研究采用扩展设计，在 2022-23 年 Rabi 和 2023-24 年 Rabi 两个季节中测试了总共 92 个基因型，其中既有外来基因型，也有本地基因型。通过聚类分析发现，这 92 个基因型被分为七个主要群组。聚类 I 包括 24 个基因型。聚类 II 和聚类 III 各包含一个基因型，即 IC394118 和 IC0599415。第 IV 组有 17 个基因型，第 V 组有 31 个基因型。第 VI 组有 7 个基因型。最后一个聚类 VII 包含 11 个基因型。通过聚类分析发现了遗传多样性的广泛差异。这项研究的结果为有针对性的育种措施和环境友好型耕作方法打开了大门，提供了有关亚麻籽遗传多样性和表型变异的深刻信息。
{"title":"Elucidating Diversity of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum) Germplasms by Applying DUS Guideline to Examine Morphological Features","authors":"Shruti Paliwal, M. K. Tripathi, R. S. Sikarwar","doi":"10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i5-68702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56557/pcbmb/2024/v25i5-68702","url":null,"abstract":"Flax, or Linum usitatissimum, is a multipurpose crop that may be produced in a variety of climates for use in industry, feed, fibre, and food. It is crucial to characterize and assess an array of genotypes to comprehend the potential of linseed in agriculture. The present investigation focused on agro-morphological characteristics to identify the best germplasm that may be utilized as future donors for linseed breeding. The goal of this study was to find the best germplasm to be used as future donors for linseed breeding by focusing on agro-morphological traits. In the current study, an expanded design was used to test 92 genotypes in total, both alien and native, throughout the course of two seasons, Rabi 2022-23 and Rabi 2023-24. The ninety-two genotypes were found to be organized into seven primary clusters by cluster analysis. Cluster I consist of twenty-four genotypes. Whereas cluster II and cluster III each encompass one genotype i.e., IC394118 and IC0599415 respectively. While cluster IV consists of seventeen genotypes, cluster V contain thirty-one genotypes. Cluster VI consist of seven genotypes. Whereas cluster VII which is the last cluster included eleven genotypes. A broad variation of genetic diversity was found using cluster analysis. The findings of this study open the door for focused breeding initiatives and environmentally friendly farming methods by offering insightful information about the genetic diversity and phenotypic variability of linseed.","PeriodicalId":34999,"journal":{"name":"Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141127221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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