Pub Date : 2019-10-11DOI: 10.1504/IJPP.2019.103026
Martin E. Purcell
This article generates new insights into what contributes to the effective enactment of public participation policy. It critiques the implementation of recent public participation policy in the UK, focusing on new local governance spaces created in England by Labour governments (1997-2010), and arrangements subsequently enacted under the Coalition and Conservative governments (2010-2017). It reports on a study conducted in 22 local authority areas in one English region, exploring public participation practices in Local Strategic Partnerships, and again seven years after the policy was rescinded. Power and agency feature in the analysis, which demonstrates how the intended impacts of public participation policy is diluted by complex context-specific organisational, cultural and professional factors. The article presents evidence of citizens' continuing enthusiasm to shape and influence policy, through formal structures and non-traditional processes, and argues that public participation policy during 'austerity' should accommodate the potential for progressive outcomes to emerge from both approaches.
{"title":"Beyond Referendums and Austerity: Public Participation Policy Enactment in new UK Governance Spaces","authors":"Martin E. Purcell","doi":"10.1504/IJPP.2019.103026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2019.103026","url":null,"abstract":"This article generates new insights into what contributes to the effective enactment of public participation policy. It critiques the implementation of recent public participation policy in the UK, focusing on new local governance spaces created in England by Labour governments (1997-2010), and arrangements subsequently enacted under the Coalition and Conservative governments (2010-2017). It reports on a study conducted in 22 local authority areas in one English region, exploring public participation practices in Local Strategic Partnerships, and again seven years after the policy was rescinded. Power and agency feature in the analysis, which demonstrates how the intended impacts of public participation policy is diluted by complex context-specific organisational, cultural and professional factors. The article presents evidence of citizens' continuing enthusiasm to shape and influence policy, through formal structures and non-traditional processes, and argues that public participation policy during 'austerity' should accommodate the potential for progressive outcomes to emerge from both approaches.","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJPP.2019.103026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47800477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-11DOI: 10.1504/ijpp.2019.103011
J. Philip, Devi Soumyaja
Policies and best practices are suggested based on the viewpoints of transgender employees, human resources managers in charge of diversity and inclusion, and activists who work for the welfare of transgender people. Fifteen people were interviewed in depth and their responses were analysed to obtain insights into transgender employees' perception of well-being in the workplace, which will help organisations to develop appropriate human resource policies to protect the rights of their transgender employees in the workplace.
{"title":"Workplace diversity and inclusion: policies and best practices for organisations employing transgender people in India","authors":"J. Philip, Devi Soumyaja","doi":"10.1504/ijpp.2019.103011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijpp.2019.103011","url":null,"abstract":"Policies and best practices are suggested based on the viewpoints of transgender employees, human resources managers in charge of diversity and inclusion, and activists who work for the welfare of transgender people. Fifteen people were interviewed in depth and their responses were analysed to obtain insights into transgender employees' perception of well-being in the workplace, which will help organisations to develop appropriate human resource policies to protect the rights of their transgender employees in the workplace.","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/ijpp.2019.103011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45103031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-11DOI: 10.1504/ijpp.2019.103035
S. Gnangnon
This paper investigates the impact of developing countries' structural economic vulnerability (EVI) on their public revenue performance. Relying on a sample of 126 countries over the period 1996-2013, the empirical analysis suggests that EVI exerts a negative and significant impact on total public revenue. However, this negative impact reflects differentiated impact of the EVI's components (namely, the degree of exposure to shocks and the size and frequency of the shocks) on public revenue performance: exposure to shocks influences positively public revenue, while the size and frequency of shocks exerts a negative and significant impact on public revenue. These results apply also to LDCs. In this context, governments in developing countries and the international community should cooperate to mitigate developing countries' structural economic vulnerability. This would help increase their public revenue performance, which is needed to address development challenges, and reduce in the long-run, their dependence on international development assistance.
{"title":"Structural economic vulnerability and public revenue performance","authors":"S. Gnangnon","doi":"10.1504/ijpp.2019.103035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijpp.2019.103035","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the impact of developing countries' structural economic vulnerability (EVI) on their public revenue performance. Relying on a sample of 126 countries over the period 1996-2013, the empirical analysis suggests that EVI exerts a negative and significant impact on total public revenue. However, this negative impact reflects differentiated impact of the EVI's components (namely, the degree of exposure to shocks and the size and frequency of the shocks) on public revenue performance: exposure to shocks influences positively public revenue, while the size and frequency of shocks exerts a negative and significant impact on public revenue. These results apply also to LDCs. In this context, governments in developing countries and the international community should cooperate to mitigate developing countries' structural economic vulnerability. This would help increase their public revenue performance, which is needed to address development challenges, and reduce in the long-run, their dependence on international development assistance.","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/ijpp.2019.103035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49619404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-11DOI: 10.1504/ijpp.2019.103039
O. Farooque, Sarod Khandaker
The purpose of this study is to investigate the interactions between foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and national governance indicators on international data. It also examines the impact of international financial reporting standards (IFRS) and the legal systems of sample countries on national governance and FDI. Building on extant literature and applying both OLS and 2SLS approaches on a sample of 173 countries, the empirical evidence confirms two-way interdependence between national governance and FDI in determining each other, which remains valid after controlling for per capita income, regional and country status groups of sample countries. In addition, IFRS and the type of legal system find a significant impact on national governance, but not on FDI. These findings of the study are valuable for individual governments, policy makers and international donor organisations to strengthen national governance indicators in order to attract FDI and improve the accountability and transparency of macro-economic measures.
{"title":"National governance and foreign direct investment interactions: international evidence","authors":"O. Farooque, Sarod Khandaker","doi":"10.1504/ijpp.2019.103039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijpp.2019.103039","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to investigate the interactions between foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and national governance indicators on international data. It also examines the impact of international financial reporting standards (IFRS) and the legal systems of sample countries on national governance and FDI. Building on extant literature and applying both OLS and 2SLS approaches on a sample of 173 countries, the empirical evidence confirms two-way interdependence between national governance and FDI in determining each other, which remains valid after controlling for per capita income, regional and country status groups of sample countries. In addition, IFRS and the type of legal system find a significant impact on national governance, but not on FDI. These findings of the study are valuable for individual governments, policy makers and international donor organisations to strengthen national governance indicators in order to attract FDI and improve the accountability and transparency of macro-economic measures.","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/ijpp.2019.103039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42670135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-11DOI: 10.1504/ijpp.2019.103017
E. A. Purwanto, Agus Pramusinto, S. Margono
This paper discusses the impact of the implementation of Minimum Service Standard (MSS) policy on the quality of basic services district/city governments deliver to their citizenry in Indonesia. One of the expectations of the decentralisation policy, which got underway in 1999 was to contribute to the improvement of the quality of public services. The issuing of Indonesian Government Regulation (GR) No. 65/2005, which outlined guidelines on setting and implementing MSS for all sectoral ministries was very much in line with that process. Study results obtained from a survey of the local government officials attest to the reality that most local governments are yet to implement the 15 MSS set by the 15 sectoral ministries. Some of the factors that have hampered the implementation of MSS include lack of clarity on substance of MSS policy (unclear concept of basic services and MSS; variety of approaches used in various sectoral ministries, such as input, process, output and outcome), and constraints that implementing organisations face (insufficient budget allocation and human resource capacity, unclear functional assignments, and lack of integration of MSS in local government development plans).
{"title":"Ensuring the quality of basic service delivery in decentralised local governments through the Minimum Service Standard policy: how does it work","authors":"E. A. Purwanto, Agus Pramusinto, S. Margono","doi":"10.1504/ijpp.2019.103017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijpp.2019.103017","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the impact of the implementation of Minimum Service Standard (MSS) policy on the quality of basic services district/city governments deliver to their citizenry in Indonesia. One of the expectations of the decentralisation policy, which got underway in 1999 was to contribute to the improvement of the quality of public services. The issuing of Indonesian Government Regulation (GR) No. 65/2005, which outlined guidelines on setting and implementing MSS for all sectoral ministries was very much in line with that process. Study results obtained from a survey of the local government officials attest to the reality that most local governments are yet to implement the 15 MSS set by the 15 sectoral ministries. Some of the factors that have hampered the implementation of MSS include lack of clarity on substance of MSS policy (unclear concept of basic services and MSS; variety of approaches used in various sectoral ministries, such as input, process, output and outcome), and constraints that implementing organisations face (insufficient budget allocation and human resource capacity, unclear functional assignments, and lack of integration of MSS in local government development plans).","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/ijpp.2019.103017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44316223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-29DOI: 10.1504/IJPP.2019.099056
L. Haagh
In this paper I argue public state ownership - the extent the public 'owns' the state through mechanisms of inclusivity and exclusivity in governing - can help explain divergent public policy and human development outcomes across varieties of capitalist state. An upshot is to question the neutralist premise of the varieties of capitalism (VOC) literature that different systems are equally effective. I maintain more attention ought to be paid to background factors that explain how public sector traditions that are more responsive to collective interests in human development-protective institutions generate conditions for policy coherence. I argue modalities of human development - or human economy - generate constraints on governing which entail that human development-sensitive institutions and policies are more effective. Examining contemporary punitive welfare-to-work regimes, I argue variation in public state ownership explains a more directly punitive orientation in Britain, and a more contained and 'educative' design and implementation, in Denmark.
{"title":"Public state ownership within varieties of capitalism: regulatory foundations for welfare and freedom","authors":"L. Haagh","doi":"10.1504/IJPP.2019.099056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2019.099056","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper I argue public state ownership - the extent the public 'owns' the state through mechanisms of inclusivity and exclusivity in governing - can help explain divergent public policy and human development outcomes across varieties of capitalist state. An upshot is to question the neutralist premise of the varieties of capitalism (VOC) literature that different systems are equally effective. I maintain more attention ought to be paid to background factors that explain how public sector traditions that are more responsive to collective interests in human development-protective institutions generate conditions for policy coherence. I argue modalities of human development - or human economy - generate constraints on governing which entail that human development-sensitive institutions and policies are more effective. Examining contemporary punitive welfare-to-work regimes, I argue variation in public state ownership explains a more directly punitive orientation in Britain, and a more contained and 'educative' design and implementation, in Denmark.","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJPP.2019.099056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49504627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-29DOI: 10.1504/IJPP.2019.099049
J. Guinan
The radical 'Meidner Plan' for wage-earner funds in Sweden in the mid-seventies was one of the most promising roads not taken by the European left in the second half of the twentieth century. Had it been implemented in full, it could have marked a major shift within social democracy from income redistribution to asset redistribution, thereby setting course for an inexorable transition to economic democracy through the gradual socialisation of all major industry. Today, the genesis and fate of the wage-earner funds can provide a valuable historical perspective on the challenges of democratising wealth, while the core components of Meidner's innovative proposal - the share levy and collective ownership of capital - are once again up for reconsideration and recovery in the programme of the Jeremy Corbyn-led British Labour Party, given yawning inequality and a widespread and growing sense of the need for a very different pattern of political economy.
{"title":"Socialising capital: looking back on the Meidner plan","authors":"J. Guinan","doi":"10.1504/IJPP.2019.099049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2019.099049","url":null,"abstract":"The radical 'Meidner Plan' for wage-earner funds in Sweden in the mid-seventies was one of the most promising roads not taken by the European left in the second half of the twentieth century. Had it been implemented in full, it could have marked a major shift within social democracy from income redistribution to asset redistribution, thereby setting course for an inexorable transition to economic democracy through the gradual socialisation of all major industry. Today, the genesis and fate of the wage-earner funds can provide a valuable historical perspective on the challenges of democratising wealth, while the core components of Meidner's innovative proposal - the share levy and collective ownership of capital - are once again up for reconsideration and recovery in the programme of the Jeremy Corbyn-led British Labour Party, given yawning inequality and a widespread and growing sense of the need for a very different pattern of political economy.","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJPP.2019.099049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41752926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-29DOI: 10.1504/IJPP.2019.099052
M. O'Neill, S. White
James Meade argued that public ownership of productive assets should have a central role in a 'liberal socialist' economy. While somewhat sceptical of the state seeking to run specific firms or industries, Meade argued that the state should own a significant share of a society's productive assets, using the return on the assets to promote a more equal distribution of income (e.g., through payment of a universal social dividend). This paper traces the development of Meade's thinking around this citizens' trust concept; explores its influence in UK policy discussions; and makes the case for the continuing relevance of the proposal in response to contemporary economic developments.
{"title":"James Meade, public ownership, and the idea of a citizens' trust","authors":"M. O'Neill, S. White","doi":"10.1504/IJPP.2019.099052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2019.099052","url":null,"abstract":"James Meade argued that public ownership of productive assets should have a central role in a 'liberal socialist' economy. While somewhat sceptical of the state seeking to run specific firms or industries, Meade argued that the state should own a significant share of a society's productive assets, using the return on the assets to promote a more equal distribution of income (e.g., through payment of a universal social dividend). This paper traces the development of Meade's thinking around this citizens' trust concept; explores its influence in UK policy discussions; and makes the case for the continuing relevance of the proposal in response to contemporary economic developments.","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJPP.2019.099052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42221235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-29DOI: 10.1504/IJPP.2019.099050
D. Helm
Unbridled depletion of renewable and non-renewable resources is a direct threat to both the natural capital inherited by future generations and to economic growth. If depreciation of renewable natural capital has breached critical thresholds and if there is a strong intergenerational equity argument in favour of spreading the benefits from depletion of non-renewable over current and future generations, how do we ensure that intergenerational transfers are made? This paper looks to existing structures such as sovereign wealth funds and trusts as a framework for protecting assets and proposes the establishment of an economically efficient natural capital fund, which would receive the economic rents from the depletion of non-renewable resources, plus compensation for damage caused to existing renewable. The paper also considers how such a fund can be protected in terms of its legal structure, governance and, crucially, its ownership of the natural capital assets it seeks to conserve.
{"title":"The ownership and funding of natural capital: the case for trusts and a public natural capital fund","authors":"D. Helm","doi":"10.1504/IJPP.2019.099050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2019.099050","url":null,"abstract":"Unbridled depletion of renewable and non-renewable resources is a direct threat to both the natural capital inherited by future generations and to economic growth. If depreciation of renewable natural capital has breached critical thresholds and if there is a strong intergenerational equity argument in favour of spreading the benefits from depletion of non-renewable over current and future generations, how do we ensure that intergenerational transfers are made? This paper looks to existing structures such as sovereign wealth funds and trusts as a framework for protecting assets and proposes the establishment of an economically efficient natural capital fund, which would receive the economic rents from the depletion of non-renewable resources, plus compensation for damage caused to existing renewable. The paper also considers how such a fund can be protected in terms of its legal structure, governance and, crucially, its ownership of the natural capital assets it seeks to conserve.","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJPP.2019.099050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66663156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-29DOI: 10.1504/IJPP.2019.099060
Andrew Purves
The question of public as opposed to private ownership is often cast as ideological or one of economic efficiency. Here, the question will be asked as to whether there are particular assets which should remain in public ownership due to the nature in which their value is created. Viewed in this way, the same public assets can in turn be used to deliver public revenue in a way that does not deter their use - as the revenue arises from economic rent. Examples from Hong Kong and Singapore are used to illustrate their effectiveness in delivering social as well as economic benefits.
{"title":"Models of fair public ownership: lessons from Singapore and Hong Kong","authors":"Andrew Purves","doi":"10.1504/IJPP.2019.099060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2019.099060","url":null,"abstract":"The question of public as opposed to private ownership is often cast as ideological or one of economic efficiency. Here, the question will be asked as to whether there are particular assets which should remain in public ownership due to the nature in which their value is created. Viewed in this way, the same public assets can in turn be used to deliver public revenue in a way that does not deter their use - as the revenue arises from economic rent. Examples from Hong Kong and Singapore are used to illustrate their effectiveness in delivering social as well as economic benefits.","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJPP.2019.099060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48909769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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