Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJPP.2017.10001701
Nicholas O. Alozie
The notion that policy orientation is gendered has important implications for both policy research and practical policymaking. If men and women differ in their policy orientation, policy action will equally differ depending on which group controls the levers of community politics/policy agenda. However, a substantial question still looms: are gender cleavages in policy orientation inevitable, or, do things change markedly according to locality? This research uses national probability sample data from Afghanistan to examine the extent to which locality shapes gender cleavages in policy orientation. The results posit that locality matters in two significant ways. First, it crystallises women's group interests. Secondly, it promotes policy 'convergence', to the extent that men and women living and operating in the same social space will tend to react to policy similarly. However, such a broad outlook does not preclude gender polarisation on policy matters. Women will align with their group interest even when that interest is at odds with their community's trajectory.
{"title":"The gender gap in policy orientation: how relevant is locality?","authors":"Nicholas O. Alozie","doi":"10.1504/IJPP.2017.10001701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2017.10001701","url":null,"abstract":"The notion that policy orientation is gendered has important implications for both policy research and practical policymaking. If men and women differ in their policy orientation, policy action will equally differ depending on which group controls the levers of community politics/policy agenda. However, a substantial question still looms: are gender cleavages in policy orientation inevitable, or, do things change markedly according to locality? This research uses national probability sample data from Afghanistan to examine the extent to which locality shapes gender cleavages in policy orientation. The results posit that locality matters in two significant ways. First, it crystallises women's group interests. Secondly, it promotes policy 'convergence', to the extent that men and women living and operating in the same social space will tend to react to policy similarly. However, such a broad outlook does not preclude gender polarisation on policy matters. Women will align with their group interest even when that interest is at odds with their community's trajectory.","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66662640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJPP.2017.10001706
L. L. Nawa, M. Sirayi, Modimowabarwa Kanyane
In this article, we examine the extent to which South Africa responds to recent major paradigm shifts in international relations. We record that the country's readmission to the international cultural relations arena after the collapse of apartheid in 1994 has brought about new challenges for it to tackle. Two of these are: how to project a new image of a united society with diverse cultures in harmonious co-existence different from that of the past; and how to shift from a previous government-centric diplomacy to a new public-participatory alternative. We support the prompt drafting of a cultural diplomacy policy initiated by law makers in order to mediate the afore-mentioned opposites. The study followed qualitative methodological approaches to arrive at the arguments and conclusions made.
{"title":"Cultural diplomacy in post-apartheid South Africa's international relations: cosmetic or genuine change?","authors":"L. L. Nawa, M. Sirayi, Modimowabarwa Kanyane","doi":"10.1504/IJPP.2017.10001706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2017.10001706","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we examine the extent to which South Africa responds to recent major paradigm shifts in international relations. We record that the country's readmission to the international cultural relations arena after the collapse of apartheid in 1994 has brought about new challenges for it to tackle. Two of these are: how to project a new image of a united society with diverse cultures in harmonious co-existence different from that of the past; and how to shift from a previous government-centric diplomacy to a new public-participatory alternative. We support the prompt drafting of a cultural diplomacy policy initiated by law makers in order to mediate the afore-mentioned opposites. The study followed qualitative methodological approaches to arrive at the arguments and conclusions made.","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":"13 1","pages":"117-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66662680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJPP.2017.081050
D. Burke
The notion that Canada is the steward of the fragile Arctic environment is a part of the fabric of the Canadian narrative about the country's relationship with the Arctic region. In light of political, legal and environmental changes impacting Arctic politics, this paper argues that it is important to examine the circumstances which led to the creation and success of Canada's stewardship role and its implications for Canadian and international shipping in the Arctic region before any changes are made to the governance of the region through unilateral legislation changes or new international agreements. This paper explores the origins of Canada's image as the steward of the Arctic environment which started with the 1970 Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act legislation and addresses the central research questions of how did Canada's role as the steward of the Arctic environment begin and evolve, and how important is the Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act for international acceptance of Canada's stewardship role and maritime jurisdiction in the Arctic region?
{"title":"Leading by example: Canada and its Arctic stewardship role","authors":"D. Burke","doi":"10.1504/IJPP.2017.081050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2017.081050","url":null,"abstract":"The notion that Canada is the steward of the fragile Arctic environment is a part of the fabric of the Canadian narrative about the country's relationship with the Arctic region. In light of political, legal and environmental changes impacting Arctic politics, this paper argues that it is important to examine the circumstances which led to the creation and success of Canada's stewardship role and its implications for Canadian and international shipping in the Arctic region before any changes are made to the governance of the region through unilateral legislation changes or new international agreements. This paper explores the origins of Canada's image as the steward of the Arctic environment which started with the 1970 Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act legislation and addresses the central research questions of how did Canada's role as the steward of the Arctic environment begin and evolve, and how important is the Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act for international acceptance of Canada's stewardship role and maritime jurisdiction in the Arctic region?","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":"13 1","pages":"36-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJPP.2017.081050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66662212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJPP.2017.10001696
Jeffrey Overall
Using the Frankfurt School of Critical Theory and organisational theory as the theoretical foundation, I show how excessive taxation creates disincentives for individuals to reach their full economic potential. According to findings from the extant literature and, also, a case example from the Canadian economy, high taxation is shown not only to cause a decline in entrepreneurial activity, but also to lead to the perpetuation of the marginalisation of the economically disadvantaged. It further results in an unfair distribution of wealth from the high-income households to the low- and middle-income earners. To address this sociological predicament, total equality for all members of society is argued to be achievable through free-market capitalism. Future directions are suggested and recommendations for practice are discussed.
{"title":"Practice what you preach: the failure of the welfare state and the discovery of total equality through capitalism","authors":"Jeffrey Overall","doi":"10.1504/IJPP.2017.10001696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2017.10001696","url":null,"abstract":"Using the Frankfurt School of Critical Theory and organisational theory as the theoretical foundation, I show how excessive taxation creates disincentives for individuals to reach their full economic potential. According to findings from the extant literature and, also, a case example from the Canadian economy, high taxation is shown not only to cause a decline in entrepreneurial activity, but also to lead to the perpetuation of the marginalisation of the economically disadvantaged. It further results in an unfair distribution of wealth from the high-income households to the low- and middle-income earners. To address this sociological predicament, total equality for all members of society is argued to be achievable through free-market capitalism. Future directions are suggested and recommendations for practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":"22 1","pages":"69-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66662297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJPP.2017.10008750
D. M. López
This paper estimates the extent to which an exogenous change in income affects income tax revenues. We focus on the case of Spain over the period 2003-2008, as the income tax experienced a substantial reform in 2007. Using both an analytical method and a numerical simulation, we find a significant increase in aggregate income tax elasticities from 1.4 for 2003-2006 to around 1.8 for 2007-2008. The sensitivity of results to the presence of housing tax credits, non-equiproportional variations in income, changes in income inequality and fiscal drag is also considered. Finally, some policy implications are drawn.
{"title":"How does fiscal reform affect the elasticity of income tax revenues? The case of Spain, 2003-2008","authors":"D. M. López","doi":"10.1504/IJPP.2017.10008750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2017.10008750","url":null,"abstract":"This paper estimates the extent to which an exogenous change in income affects income tax revenues. We focus on the case of Spain over the period 2003-2008, as the income tax experienced a substantial reform in 2007. Using both an analytical method and a numerical simulation, we find a significant increase in aggregate income tax elasticities from 1.4 for 2003-2006 to around 1.8 for 2007-2008. The sensitivity of results to the presence of housing tax credits, non-equiproportional variations in income, changes in income inequality and fiscal drag is also considered. Finally, some policy implications are drawn.","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":"13 1","pages":"337-357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66662696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-17DOI: 10.1504/IJPP.2016.10000598
A. Ouedraogo, M. Tosun, Serdar Yilmaz
In this paper we examine the cyclicality of public investment in African countries using panel data for the 1996-2012 period. In addition to an overall analysis of the African continent, we also examine public investment in country sub-groups such as the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Economic Community of Central African States (EECAS), the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC), the Intergovernmental Authority on Development in Eastern Africa (IGAD), and the South African Development Community (SADEC). We use contiguity and distance-based spatial weighting in analysing spatial spillovers from economic shocks on public investment spending. While our results confirm procyclicality in public investment, the degree of procyclicality varies significantly across the country groups. Procyclicality becomes less significant when spatial spillovers are considered for WAEMU, ECOWAS, CEMAC, and IGAD countries but it becomes stronger for ECCAS, and particularly SADEC countries.
{"title":"Cyclicality of public investment in Africa","authors":"A. Ouedraogo, M. Tosun, Serdar Yilmaz","doi":"10.1504/IJPP.2016.10000598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2016.10000598","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we examine the cyclicality of public investment in African countries using panel data for the 1996-2012 period. In addition to an overall analysis of the African continent, we also examine public investment in country sub-groups such as the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Economic Community of Central African States (EECAS), the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC), the Intergovernmental Authority on Development in Eastern Africa (IGAD), and the South African Development Community (SADEC). We use contiguity and distance-based spatial weighting in analysing spatial spillovers from economic shocks on public investment spending. While our results confirm procyclicality in public investment, the degree of procyclicality varies significantly across the country groups. Procyclicality becomes less significant when spatial spillovers are considered for WAEMU, ECOWAS, CEMAC, and IGAD countries but it becomes stronger for ECCAS, and particularly SADEC countries.","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":"12 1","pages":"378-405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66662651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-17DOI: 10.1504/IJPP.2016.10000529
P. Kovač, Nina Tomaževič, Anamarija Leben, Aleksander Aristovnik
Good administration has evolved in administrative theory and practice differently but within the concept of good governance, incorporating efficient and democratic authority with simultaneous implementation of public interest and guaranteed rights of defence to parties in administrative matters. In view of the above, a theoretical analysis of good administration in relation to good governance was conducted in 2015, with special research on the Slovene practices in various types of administrative agencies. Findings of the analysis based on views of heads of administrative units and regional financial and police offices, compared to statistical data, prove that Slovene administration consider good administration more as a compliance to formal requirements instead of proactive support of a party and public benefit. Hence, policy makers should consider in future public administration reforms the fact that value-based rather than purely structural and normative changes are needed.
{"title":"Reforming public administration in Slovenia: between theory and practice of good governance and good administration","authors":"P. Kovač, Nina Tomaževič, Anamarija Leben, Aleksander Aristovnik","doi":"10.1504/IJPP.2016.10000529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2016.10000529","url":null,"abstract":"Good administration has evolved in administrative theory and practice differently but within the concept of good governance, incorporating efficient and democratic authority with simultaneous implementation of public interest and guaranteed rights of defence to parties in administrative matters. In view of the above, a theoretical analysis of good administration in relation to good governance was conducted in 2015, with special research on the Slovene practices in various types of administrative agencies. Findings of the analysis based on views of heads of administrative units and regional financial and police offices, compared to statistical data, prove that Slovene administration consider good administration more as a compliance to formal requirements instead of proactive support of a party and public benefit. Hence, policy makers should consider in future public administration reforms the fact that value-based rather than purely structural and normative changes are needed.","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":"12 1","pages":"130-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66662350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-17DOI: 10.1504/IJPP.2016.10000561
D. Abdullahi, Y. Baba, A. Musa
Governments across the globe are facing multiple problems due to ineffective institutions. Citizens have lost hope in their government, as a result of poor service delivery to the masses which raise question of innovation for public institutions growth and development. Previous studies touched on the role of public institution in development process without emphasis on making them innovative. Thus, this paper focuses on public service innovation. Most of the problems of public organisations are associated with lack of innovation. The paper also touches on the reasons why public institutions are less innovative compared to the private counterparts as well as characteristic of some successful public service institutions. The data were collected through mixed methodology. Primary data were sourced through qualitative and quantitative methods, 100 questionnaires were distributed to the respondents and interviews were conducted with key bureaucrats of some public institutions. To validate the data, the study also gathered secondary sources such as newspapers, magazines, text books as well as journals. The findings show that there is significance relationship between bureaucracy, collaboration, government intervention, digital public service and innovation. Recommendations were provided on how to achieve innovation in public service delivery.
{"title":"Building innovative public institution","authors":"D. Abdullahi, Y. Baba, A. Musa","doi":"10.1504/IJPP.2016.10000561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2016.10000561","url":null,"abstract":"Governments across the globe are facing multiple problems due to ineffective institutions. Citizens have lost hope in their government, as a result of poor service delivery to the masses which raise question of innovation for public institutions growth and development. Previous studies touched on the role of public institution in development process without emphasis on making them innovative. Thus, this paper focuses on public service innovation. Most of the problems of public organisations are associated with lack of innovation. The paper also touches on the reasons why public institutions are less innovative compared to the private counterparts as well as characteristic of some successful public service institutions. The data were collected through mixed methodology. Primary data were sourced through qualitative and quantitative methods, 100 questionnaires were distributed to the respondents and interviews were conducted with key bureaucrats of some public institutions. To validate the data, the study also gathered secondary sources such as newspapers, magazines, text books as well as journals. The findings show that there is significance relationship between bureaucracy, collaboration, government intervention, digital public service and innovation. Recommendations were provided on how to achieve innovation in public service delivery.","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":"12 1","pages":"276-296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66662612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-17DOI: 10.1504/IJPP.2016.079765
T. Jovanović, Maja Klun
Regulatory impact assessment (RIA) is a fundamental tool for assessing the effects of regulations. It is applied as a procedure for the inspection and measurement of the likely benefits, costs and effects of a new or existing legal regime. It should support the policy-making process by contributing valuable empirical data in the context of a broader decision-making framework and thus enable decision makers to study the consequences of any regulatory policy options. The paper analyses the developmental stage of RIA procedures for tax policy in Slovenia while the literature shows that it is used more on declaratory level. On the basis of quantitative and qualitative ex-post economic analysis of the tax instrument (thin-capitalisation), the paper proves that the procedure is not sophisticated enough to facilitate efficient and effective regulation in terms of economic and legal elements.
{"title":"Post assessment of the Slovenian tax legislation within RIA as tool of the tax policy","authors":"T. Jovanović, Maja Klun","doi":"10.1504/IJPP.2016.079765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2016.079765","url":null,"abstract":"Regulatory impact assessment (RIA) is a fundamental tool for assessing the effects of regulations. It is applied as a procedure for the inspection and measurement of the likely benefits, costs and effects of a new or existing legal regime. It should support the policy-making process by contributing valuable empirical data in the context of a broader decision-making framework and thus enable decision makers to study the consequences of any regulatory policy options. The paper analyses the developmental stage of RIA procedures for tax policy in Slovenia while the literature shows that it is used more on declaratory level. On the basis of quantitative and qualitative ex-post economic analysis of the tax instrument (thin-capitalisation), the paper proves that the procedure is not sophisticated enough to facilitate efficient and effective regulation in terms of economic and legal elements.","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":"12 1","pages":"168-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJPP.2016.079765","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66661757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-17DOI: 10.1504/IJPP.2016.10000524
Mirko Pečarič, Tatjana Kozjek
Standards of proof and their application in law have been studied for centuries, but the legal profession still uses them primarily in relation to such indeterminate legal notions as common sense and intuition, while failing to develop new methods for a more objective assessment of these standards. This paper strives to cast a new light upon these standards by exploiting two methods developed in psychology and mathematics. Through the visual presentation of these two methods it becomes clear that every decision has four possible outcomes according to different cues and weights that could change in the face of new evidence. There is a difference between the intuitive use of standards of proof and their use in conjunction with the application of some developed mathematical or statistical methods. This gap could be filled with Bayes theorem that describes the probability of an event, based on conditions that might be (or might not be) related to that event.
{"title":"From rational to more rational standards of proof","authors":"Mirko Pečarič, Tatjana Kozjek","doi":"10.1504/IJPP.2016.10000524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2016.10000524","url":null,"abstract":"Standards of proof and their application in law have been studied for centuries, but the legal profession still uses them primarily in relation to such indeterminate legal notions as common sense and intuition, while failing to develop new methods for a more objective assessment of these standards. This paper strives to cast a new light upon these standards by exploiting two methods developed in psychology and mathematics. Through the visual presentation of these two methods it becomes clear that every decision has four possible outcomes according to different cues and weights that could change in the face of new evidence. There is a difference between the intuitive use of standards of proof and their use in conjunction with the application of some developed mathematical or statistical methods. This gap could be filled with Bayes theorem that describes the probability of an event, based on conditions that might be (or might not be) related to that event.","PeriodicalId":35027,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Public Policy","volume":"12 1","pages":"115-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66662335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：