Olayinka Oridupa, Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale, Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi, Naomi Oghenefega Danjuma, Ayobami Deborah Obisesan, Tolulope Ademola Olakojo, Adebowale Bernard Saba
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of mortality in the world today with hypertension being the major clinical presentation of these diseases. This study assessed the anti-hypertensive effects of Lagenaria breviflora whole fruit and Xanthsoma sagittifolium corms in experimentally inudced hypertensive Wistar rats. The ability of the plants to ameliorate oxidative damage accompanying hypertension was evaluated using changes in oxidative stress markers as well as monitoring of cardiovascular parameters. Hypertension was induced by intraperitoneal injection of DOCA salt twice weekly and daily inclusion of NaCl (1%) in drinking water. Methanol extracts of L.breviflora or X. sagittifolium was administered to hypertensive rats for 35 days and the outcome was compared to hypertensive rats administred with lisinopril or hydrochlorothiazide and a group of normotensive rats (control). Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures were determined on day 34 and blood sample collected on day 35. The rats were thereafter humanely sacrificed, and organs were harvested. This study showed that the extracts lowered blood pressure, free protein thiols but increased toal protein, gluthathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, glutathione S-transferase, catalase and nitric oxide in the heart, kidney and liver compared to untreated hypertensive rats. However, malondialdehyde levels and hydrogen peroxide activities were reduced. L. breviflora fruit and X. sagittifloium corm exhibited antihypertensive properties and ameliorate oxidative damage associated with hypertension by enhancing the antioxidant defense sysyem and inhibiting generation of free radicals.
{"title":"Antioxidant activity enhancement and oxidative damage inhibition by Lagenaria breviflora fruit and Xanthosoma sagittifolium corm in hypertensive Wistar rats","authors":"Olayinka Oridupa, Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale, Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi, Naomi Oghenefega Danjuma, Ayobami Deborah Obisesan, Tolulope Ademola Olakojo, Adebowale Bernard Saba","doi":"10.54548/njps.v38i1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54548/njps.v38i1.14","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of mortality in the world today with hypertension being the major clinical presentation of these diseases. This study assessed the anti-hypertensive effects of Lagenaria breviflora whole fruit and Xanthsoma sagittifolium corms in experimentally inudced hypertensive Wistar rats. The ability of the plants to ameliorate oxidative damage accompanying hypertension was evaluated using changes in oxidative stress markers as well as monitoring of cardiovascular parameters. Hypertension was induced by intraperitoneal injection of DOCA salt twice weekly and daily inclusion of NaCl (1%) in drinking water. Methanol extracts of L.breviflora or X. sagittifolium was administered to hypertensive rats for 35 days and the outcome was compared to hypertensive rats administred with lisinopril or hydrochlorothiazide and a group of normotensive rats (control). Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures were determined on day 34 and blood sample collected on day 35. The rats were thereafter humanely sacrificed, and organs were harvested. This study showed that the extracts lowered blood pressure, free protein thiols but increased toal protein, gluthathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, glutathione S-transferase, catalase and nitric oxide in the heart, kidney and liver compared to untreated hypertensive rats. However, malondialdehyde levels and hydrogen peroxide activities were reduced. L. breviflora fruit and X. sagittifloium corm exhibited antihypertensive properties and ameliorate oxidative damage associated with hypertension by enhancing the antioxidant defense sysyem and inhibiting generation of free radicals.","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136368758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Proceedings of the 40th Scientific conference of the Physiological Society of Nigeria hosted by the Department of Physiology, College of medicine, Uiversity of Ibadan. Ibadan, Nigeria
伊巴丹大学医学院生理学系主办的尼日利亚生理学会第 40 届科学会议论文集。尼日利亚伊巴丹
{"title":"ABSTRACTS OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE XLth ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF NIGERIA : 7-11 February, 2023, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria","authors":"Admin Admin","doi":"10.54548/njps.v38i1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54548/njps.v38i1.17","url":null,"abstract":"Proceedings of the 40th Scientific conference of the Physiological Society of Nigeria hosted by the Department of Physiology, College of medicine, Uiversity of Ibadan. Ibadan, Nigeria","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mfoniso Udonkang, Nse Umoh, Ofonime Ogba, Glory Bebia, David Onwineng, BLESSING ANKU, Naomi Ernest
The Coronavirus-19 transmitted through physical contact, droplets, and fomites caused severe respiratory disease resulting in high mortality worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic caused innumerable hardships, panic, and restrictions of movement which negatively affected the assessment of healthcare services like breast cancer diagnosis in many countries. The results from the histopathological diagnosis of breast tumours have been routinely employed for the treatment and management of these diseases. This study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the histopathological diagnosis of breast tumours in Calabar. A retrospective study of the newly diagnosed breast tumours recorded in the Histopathology Laboratory register during the COVID-19 and the post-COVID-19 recovery from January 2020-February 2021 was compared with cases diagnosed before the pandemic from January 2018 to February 2019. Descriptive and inferential statistics and the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) were used for data analysis. New breast tumours diagnosed based on month showed low rates of 2.4% and 1.2% during the first and second waves of the pandemic respectively. The diagnosed cases increased to 11.8% and 8.2% after the first and second waves of the virus respectively. There was a significantly strong negative correlation between the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures with breast tumour diagnosis (r=-0.919, p=0.001). More benign tumours of 56(58.3%) cases with a mean age of 25.3±11.1 years were recorded before the pandemic and were statistically significant (F=64.260, p=0.004). More malignant cases of 48(57.1%) with a mean age of 47.5±11.7 years were recorded during the pandemic. The diagnosis of malignant tumours was statistically significant between both periods (F=183.550, p=0.001). The ANN model predicted a 25% reduction in breast tumour diagnosis during the pandemic. There was a 100% impact of the pandemic on tumour type, the nature of specimen, and mean age of subjects. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the assessment of healthcare services as a smaller number of women were diagnosed with breast tumours during the period. This may have caused delays and late presentation leading to the diagnosis of more malignant tumours. There is a need to put adequate measures to encourage the assessment of diagnostic services during pandemics as delays may lead to an increase in morbidity and mortality
{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Histopathological Diagnosis of Breast Tumours in Calabar, Nigeria","authors":"Mfoniso Udonkang, Nse Umoh, Ofonime Ogba, Glory Bebia, David Onwineng, BLESSING ANKU, Naomi Ernest","doi":"10.54548/njps.v38i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54548/njps.v38i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The Coronavirus-19 transmitted through physical contact, droplets, and fomites caused severe respiratory disease resulting in high mortality worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic caused innumerable hardships, panic, and restrictions of movement which negatively affected the assessment of healthcare services like breast cancer diagnosis in many countries. The results from the histopathological diagnosis of breast tumours have been routinely employed for the treatment and management of these diseases. This study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the histopathological diagnosis of breast tumours in Calabar. A retrospective study of the newly diagnosed breast tumours recorded in the Histopathology Laboratory register during the COVID-19 and the post-COVID-19 recovery from January 2020-February 2021 was compared with cases diagnosed before the pandemic from January 2018 to February 2019. Descriptive and inferential statistics and the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) were used for data analysis. New breast tumours diagnosed based on month showed low rates of 2.4% and 1.2% during the first and second waves of the pandemic respectively. The diagnosed cases increased to 11.8% and 8.2% after the first and second waves of the virus respectively. There was a significantly strong negative correlation between the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures with breast tumour diagnosis (r=-0.919, p=0.001). More benign tumours of 56(58.3%) cases with a mean age of 25.3±11.1 years were recorded before the pandemic and were statistically significant (F=64.260, p=0.004). More malignant cases of 48(57.1%) with a mean age of 47.5±11.7 years were recorded during the pandemic. The diagnosis of malignant tumours was statistically significant between both periods (F=183.550, p=0.001). The ANN model predicted a 25% reduction in breast tumour diagnosis during the pandemic. There was a 100% impact of the pandemic on tumour type, the nature of specimen, and mean age of subjects. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the assessment of healthcare services as a smaller number of women were diagnosed with breast tumours during the period. This may have caused delays and late presentation leading to the diagnosis of more malignant tumours. There is a need to put adequate measures to encourage the assessment of diagnostic services during pandemics as delays may lead to an increase in morbidity and mortality","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136368620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) has been known to cause neurodegeneration, due to its ability to trigger excitotoxicity, and the hippocampus is one of the most affected regions. Therefore, Phoenix dactylifera (P. dactylifera) and polyphenols was employed in this study to mitigate on the deleterious effect of monosodium glutamate on the dentate gyrus of Wistar rats. Forty-eight male Wistar rats weighing between 120-150g was used for the study. The Wistar rats were grouped into eight, (n=6). Groups 1-8 received 1.6mL/kg normal saline, 4000mgkg monosodium glutamate for 7-days, 4000mgkg monosodium glutamate for 7-days and 100mgkg caffeic-acid for 14-days concurrently, 4000mgkg monosodium glutamate for 7-days and 100mgkg Phoenix dactylifera for 14-days concurrently, 4000mgkg monosodium glutamate for 7-days and 100mgkg luteolin for 14-days concurrently, 100mgkg. caffeic-acid for 14-days followed by 4000mgkg monosodium glutamate for 7-days, 100mgkg Phoenix dactylifera for 14-days followed by 4000mgkg monosodium glutamate for 7-days and 100mgkg luteolin for 14-days followed by 4000mgkg monosodium glutamate for 7-days respectively. After the treatments, the rats underwent behavioural tests, and subsequently, the brain tissues were processed for histological and biochemical analyses. The activities of P. dactylifera and polyphenols ameliorated the deleterious effect of monosodium glutamate, through increased spontaneous alternation of the experimental animals, dominant matured granule cells of the dentate gyrus and modulated the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde in the of male Wistar rats. Therefore, this study revealed that P. dactylifera and polyphenols ameliorated monosodium glutamate toxicity in the dentate gyrus of Wistar rats.
{"title":"Phoenix dactylifera and polyphenols ameliorated monosodium glutamate toxicity in the dentate gyrus of Wistar rats","authors":"Ruqayyah Ibiyeye, Fatimo Sulaimon, Aminu Imam, Misturah Adana, Akeem Okesina, Moyosore Ajao","doi":"10.54548/njps.v38i1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54548/njps.v38i1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Monosodium glutamate (MSG) has been known to cause neurodegeneration, due to its ability to trigger excitotoxicity, and the hippocampus is one of the most affected regions. Therefore, Phoenix dactylifera (P. dactylifera) and polyphenols was employed in this study to mitigate on the deleterious effect of monosodium glutamate on the dentate gyrus of Wistar rats. Forty-eight male Wistar rats weighing between 120-150g was used for the study. The Wistar rats were grouped into eight, (n=6). Groups 1-8 received 1.6mL/kg normal saline, 4000mgkg monosodium glutamate for 7-days, 4000mgkg monosodium glutamate for 7-days and 100mgkg caffeic-acid for 14-days concurrently, 4000mgkg monosodium glutamate for 7-days and 100mgkg Phoenix dactylifera for 14-days concurrently, 4000mgkg monosodium glutamate for 7-days and 100mgkg luteolin for 14-days concurrently, 100mgkg. caffeic-acid for 14-days followed by 4000mgkg monosodium glutamate for 7-days, 100mgkg Phoenix dactylifera for 14-days followed by 4000mgkg monosodium glutamate for 7-days and 100mgkg luteolin for 14-days followed by 4000mgkg monosodium glutamate for 7-days respectively. After the treatments, the rats underwent behavioural tests, and subsequently, the brain tissues were processed for histological and biochemical analyses. The activities of P. dactylifera and polyphenols ameliorated the deleterious effect of monosodium glutamate, through increased spontaneous alternation of the experimental animals, dominant matured granule cells of the dentate gyrus and modulated the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde in the of male Wistar rats. Therefore, this study revealed that P. dactylifera and polyphenols ameliorated monosodium glutamate toxicity in the dentate gyrus of Wistar rats.","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"363 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136368893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eunice Ogunwole, Jane Essien Ebong, Lazarus Abraham Audu
Changing dietary compositions have contributed to the growing epidemic of metabolic diseases with serious impacts on several aspects of health, including reproductive health. Saccharum officinarum juice has a natural sweetness that makes the general populace relinquish its use as a sweet course and well-known raw material for the production of refined sugar. Studies have reported adverse effects of this juice on male reproductive functions, but there is a paucity of information on females. This study investigated the effects of fresh Saccharum officinarum juice on the reproductive functions of female Wistar rats. A sugarcane press juicer was used to extract Saccharum officinarum juice. Twenty female Wistar rats (180-200 g) grouped into four (n = 5) received 1.0 mL/kg/day distilled water (control), and 1.0, 3.2, and 10.0 mL/kg/day of fresh Saccharum officinarum juice once daily for 21 days by gavage. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and estrogen levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA). The estrous cycle was assessed using the Marcondes principle and histology of the ovary and uterus were assessed by microscopy. Data were analyzed using the Analysis of variance at a significance of p < 0.05. Saccharum officinarum juice caused an increase in the body weight and serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. It altered the estrous cycle by increasing the frequency of occurrence of the proestrus phase but reduced that of the metestrus phase. The juice altered the cytoarchitecture of the ovaries via vacuolations and cysts within the ovarian stroma, while the uterine section showed distorted endometrial lining and glands. Saccharum officinarum juice inflamed the ovaries and distorted the estrous cycle and uterine endometrial lining. Saccharum officinarum juice consumption may possess deleterious effects on the reproductive functions of female Wistar rats.
Keywords: Saccharum officinarum juice, Ovary, Uterus, Estrous cycle, Infertility.
{"title":"Detrimental Effects of Saccharum officinarum Juice on Reproductive Functions of Female Wistar Rats","authors":"Eunice Ogunwole, Jane Essien Ebong, Lazarus Abraham Audu","doi":"10.54548/njps.v38i1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54548/njps.v38i1.15","url":null,"abstract":"Changing dietary compositions have contributed to the growing epidemic of metabolic diseases with serious impacts on several aspects of health, including reproductive health. Saccharum officinarum juice has a natural sweetness that makes the general populace relinquish its use as a sweet course and well-known raw material for the production of refined sugar. Studies have reported adverse effects of this juice on male reproductive functions, but there is a paucity of information on females. This study investigated the effects of fresh Saccharum officinarum juice on the reproductive functions of female Wistar rats. A sugarcane press juicer was used to extract Saccharum officinarum juice. Twenty female Wistar rats (180-200 g) grouped into four (n = 5) received 1.0 mL/kg/day distilled water (control), and 1.0, 3.2, and 10.0 mL/kg/day of fresh Saccharum officinarum juice once daily for 21 days by gavage. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and estrogen levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELIZA). The estrous cycle was assessed using the Marcondes principle and histology of the ovary and uterus were assessed by microscopy. Data were analyzed using the Analysis of variance at a significance of p < 0.05. Saccharum officinarum juice caused an increase in the body weight and serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. It altered the estrous cycle by increasing the frequency of occurrence of the proestrus phase but reduced that of the metestrus phase. The juice altered the cytoarchitecture of the ovaries via vacuolations and cysts within the ovarian stroma, while the uterine section showed distorted endometrial lining and glands. Saccharum officinarum juice inflamed the ovaries and distorted the estrous cycle and uterine endometrial lining. Saccharum officinarum juice consumption may possess deleterious effects on the reproductive functions of female Wistar rats.
 
 Keywords: Saccharum officinarum juice, Ovary, Uterus, Estrous cycle, Infertility.","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136368621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) is currently the main stay in the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease. This treatment regimen typically combines three or more antiretroviral drugs and like most drug combinations or polypharmacy, has side effects including those on reproductive function which could place HIV patients on HAART under double risk in terms of reproductive function. Part of tissue damage following HAART administration is blamed on oxidative stress. We therefore sought to explore effects of Omega 3 and Selenium, two common antioxidants on HAART-induced male reproductive impairment in a non-HIV animal model. Sixteen male adult Wistar rats weighing 120g to 250g used for the study were grouped into 4 groups of four rats each (control, HAART-only, HAART + Omega 3 and HAART + Selenium groups). Duration of daily administration was six weeks. Results showed no significant changes in pH of epidydimal semen among the groups. Sperm count and viability were significantly reduced in HAART-only compared with control (p<0.05) but increased in HAART + Omega 3 and HAART + Selenium groups compared with HAART-only group (p< 0.05). Sperm motility was significantly reduced in HAART-only compared with control group (p< 0.05). A significantly higher percentage of total sperm defects was observed in HAART-only group compared with control (p <0.05) but significantly lower in the HAART + Selenium compared with HAART-only groups (p<0.05). Serum testosterone was significantly reduced in HAART-only compared with control groups (p<0.05) but significantly increased in HAART + Omega 3 and HAART + Selenium groups compared with HAART- only group (p<0.05). Serum concentration of luteinizing and follicle stimulating hormones were not significantly different among the groups. Testicular concentration of malondialdehyde was significantly increased in HAART-only compared with control (p<0.05) but significantly reduced in HAART + Omega 3 and HAART + Selenium groups compared with HAART-only group (p<0.05 in each). Testicular glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly reduced in HAART-only and HAART + Selenium groups compared with control (p< 0.05), but significantly higher in HAART + Omega 3 and HAART + Selenium compared with HAART-only groups (p<0.05 each). Testicular superoxide dismutase activity was significantly lower in the HAART-only and HAART + Selenium compared with control (p<0.05) but significantly higher in HAART + Omega 3 and HAART + Selenium compared with HAART-only groups (p<0.05 each). Level of tumour necrosis factor – alpha in testes was significantly higher in HAART-only (p<0.05) but lower in the HAART + Selenium (p<0.05) groups compared with control. Tumor necrosis factor–alpha was however significantly reduced in HAART + Omega 3 and HAART + Selenium groups compared with HAART-only (p<0.05 each) groups. Interleukin-6 levels were significantly increased in all HAART-administered groups compared with control (p<0.05 eac
{"title":"Selenium and Omega-3 Fatty Acids Ameliorate Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART)-induced Reproductive Impairment in Male Wistar Rats","authors":"Ekpe Aribo","doi":"10.54548/njps.v38i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54548/njps.v38i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) is currently the main stay in the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease. This treatment regimen typically combines three or more antiretroviral drugs and like most drug combinations or polypharmacy, has side effects including those on reproductive function which could place HIV patients on HAART under double risk in terms of reproductive function. Part of tissue damage following HAART administration is blamed on oxidative stress. We therefore sought to explore effects of Omega 3 and Selenium, two common antioxidants on HAART-induced male reproductive impairment in a non-HIV animal model. Sixteen male adult Wistar rats weighing 120g to 250g used for the study were grouped into 4 groups of four rats each (control, HAART-only, HAART + Omega 3 and HAART + Selenium groups). Duration of daily administration was six weeks. Results showed no significant changes in pH of epidydimal semen among the groups. Sperm count and viability were significantly reduced in HAART-only compared with control (p<0.05) but increased in HAART + Omega 3 and HAART + Selenium groups compared with HAART-only group (p< 0.05). Sperm motility was significantly reduced in HAART-only compared with control group (p< 0.05). A significantly higher percentage of total sperm defects was observed in HAART-only group compared with control (p <0.05) but significantly lower in the HAART + Selenium compared with HAART-only groups (p<0.05). Serum testosterone was significantly reduced in HAART-only compared with control groups (p<0.05) but significantly increased in HAART + Omega 3 and HAART + Selenium groups compared with HAART- only group (p<0.05). Serum concentration of luteinizing and follicle stimulating hormones were not significantly different among the groups. Testicular concentration of malondialdehyde was significantly increased in HAART-only compared with control (p<0.05) but significantly reduced in HAART + Omega 3 and HAART + Selenium groups compared with HAART-only group (p<0.05 in each). Testicular glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly reduced in HAART-only and HAART + Selenium groups compared with control (p< 0.05), but significantly higher in HAART + Omega 3 and HAART + Selenium compared with HAART-only groups (p<0.05 each). Testicular superoxide dismutase activity was significantly lower in the HAART-only and HAART + Selenium compared with control (p<0.05) but significantly higher in HAART + Omega 3 and HAART + Selenium compared with HAART-only groups (p<0.05 each). Level of tumour necrosis factor – alpha in testes was significantly higher in HAART-only (p<0.05) but lower in the HAART + Selenium (p<0.05) groups compared with control. Tumor necrosis factor–alpha was however significantly reduced in HAART + Omega 3 and HAART + Selenium groups compared with HAART-only (p<0.05 each) groups. Interleukin-6 levels were significantly increased in all HAART-administered groups compared with control (p<0.05 eac","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136368757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined the potential effects of Mucuna pruriens (MP) seed powder on the disruptions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis caused by the carbamazepine (CBZ) treatment in male Wistar rats. A total of 35 male Wistar rats were randomized into 5 groups (n=7). The animal in group 1 received normal saline (0.2 ml) orally, while groups 2-5 received carbamazepine (CBZ) 25 mg/kg per oral. Groups 1, and 2 were fed with standard rats’ chow, while groups 3-5 rats were supplied with a diet containing MP seed powder at 2.25 g, 1.5 g, and 0.75 g respectively. The serum level of male reproductive hormones, estradiol, seminal profiles, and histoarchitecture of the hypothalamus, pituitary, and testis was delineated. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the result. There was a marked decrease in the testicular weight, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone concentration, and normal sperm cells in the CBZ, and CBZ + MP (2.25 mg/kg) treatment groups. There was a marked increase in the testicular tissue lipid peroxidation in the CBZ, and CBZ + MP (g) treated rats in addition to various morphological alterations in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and testis. These anomalies were receded in the CBZ + MP (1.5 g), and CBZ + MP (0.75 g) treatment groups. Consumption of MP (1.5 g, and 0.75 g) may alleviate the injurious effects of CBZ treatment on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular functions.
{"title":"Mucuna pruriens seed repeals the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis disruption following carbamazepine treatment in male Wistar rats","authors":"Opeyemi Osuntokun, Gbola Olayiwola, Taiwo Adekemi Abayomi, Alimat Toyin Lawal, Opeyemi Samson Adeleke, Abiodun Oladele Ayoka","doi":"10.54548/njps.v38i1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54548/njps.v38i1.16","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the potential effects of Mucuna pruriens (MP) seed powder on the disruptions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis caused by the carbamazepine (CBZ) treatment in male Wistar rats. A total of 35 male Wistar rats were randomized into 5 groups (n=7). The animal in group 1 received normal saline (0.2 ml) orally, while groups 2-5 received carbamazepine (CBZ) 25 mg/kg per oral. Groups 1, and 2 were fed with standard rats’ chow, while groups 3-5 rats were supplied with a diet containing MP seed powder at 2.25 g, 1.5 g, and 0.75 g respectively. The serum level of male reproductive hormones, estradiol, seminal profiles, and histoarchitecture of the hypothalamus, pituitary, and testis was delineated. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the result. There was a marked decrease in the testicular weight, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone concentration, and normal sperm cells in the CBZ, and CBZ + MP (2.25 mg/kg) treatment groups. There was a marked increase in the testicular tissue lipid peroxidation in the CBZ, and CBZ + MP (g) treated rats in addition to various morphological alterations in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and testis. These anomalies were receded in the CBZ + MP (1.5 g), and CBZ + MP (0.75 g) treatment groups. Consumption of MP (1.5 g, and 0.75 g) may alleviate the injurious effects of CBZ treatment on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular functions.","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136368766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel Efanga, O.A. Akintomide, A.T. Udofia, O.A. Okon, H.C. Okpara
Human placental lactogen (HPL) is a pregnancy-related hormone produced by the placenta. The overall functions of serum HPL impacts the developing fetus and placenta. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal serum concentration of HPL and sonographic fetal growth parameters in pregnancy induced hypertension as a marker of placental function. This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted over a 9-month period in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria that involved 100 women with pregnancy induced hypertension. An obstetric ultrasound scan was done on all the subjects and their blood was collected for HPL evaluation using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data. Maternal serum HPL had a significant positive correlation with PLA (P=0.000), estimated gestational age (P=0.000), estimated fetal weight (P=0.000) and amniotic fluid index AFI (P=0.000) and a significant negative correlation with proteinuria (P=0.047), fetal heart rate (P=0.032) and HC/AC (P=0.000). It is concluded that maternal serum HPL concentration increases as pregnancy advances and causes a significant increase in placental thickness, fetal weight and amniotic fluid volume, however, its reduction is significantly associated with the onset of pre-eclampsia, fetal distress and asymmetrical intra-uterine growth restriction. Thus, the evaluation of maternal serum HPL concentration is a reliable marker of placental function in the second half of pregnancy
人胎盘乳原(HPL)是由胎盘产生的一种与妊娠相关的激素。血清HPL的整体功能影响发育中的胎儿和胎盘。本研究的目的是确定妊娠高血压孕妇血清HPL浓度与超声胎儿生长参数之间的关系，作为胎盘功能的标志。这项前瞻性横断面研究在尼日利亚卡拉巴尔卡拉巴尔大学教学医院进行了为期9个月的研究，涉及100名妊娠高血压妇女。对所有受试者进行产科超声扫描，并采集血液，采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)进行HPL评估。采用SPSS version 20对数据进行分析。产妇血清HPL与PLA (P=0.000)、估计胎龄(P=0.000)、估计胎重(P=0.000)、羊水指数AFI (P=0.000)呈显著正相关，与蛋白尿(P=0.047)、胎心率(P=0.032)、HC/AC (P=0.000)呈显著负相关。综上所述，随着妊娠的进展，母体血清HPL浓度升高，导致胎盘厚度、胎儿体重和羊水体积显著增加，但其降低与先兆子痫、胎儿窘迫和不对称宫内生长受限的发生显著相关。因此，评估母体血清HPL浓度是妊娠后半期胎盘功能的可靠标志
{"title":"Serum Human Placental Lactogen Assays in Ultrasound Evaluated Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension: A Marker of Placental Function in Pregnancy","authors":"Samuel Efanga, O.A. Akintomide, A.T. Udofia, O.A. Okon, H.C. Okpara","doi":"10.54548/njps.v38i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54548/njps.v38i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Human placental lactogen (HPL) is a pregnancy-related hormone produced by the placenta. The overall functions of serum HPL impacts the developing fetus and placenta. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between maternal serum concentration of HPL and sonographic fetal growth parameters in pregnancy induced hypertension as a marker of placental function. This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted over a 9-month period in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria that involved 100 women with pregnancy induced hypertension. An obstetric ultrasound scan was done on all the subjects and their blood was collected for HPL evaluation using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data. Maternal serum HPL had a significant positive correlation with PLA (P=0.000), estimated gestational age (P=0.000), estimated fetal weight (P=0.000) and amniotic fluid index AFI (P=0.000) and a significant negative correlation with proteinuria (P=0.047), fetal heart rate (P=0.032) and HC/AC (P=0.000). It is concluded that maternal serum HPL concentration increases as pregnancy advances and causes a significant increase in placental thickness, fetal weight and amniotic fluid volume, however, its reduction is significantly associated with the onset of pre-eclampsia, fetal distress and asymmetrical intra-uterine growth restriction. Thus, the evaluation of maternal serum HPL concentration is a reliable marker of placental function in the second half of pregnancy","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136368892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disorder that involves inflammation. This study was carried out to examine the anti-inflammatory effect of the methanol extract of Brideliaferrugineastem barkinAcetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis inmaleWistarrats. Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 4 animals each, colitis was thereafter induced by intrarectal administration of4% (v/v)Aceticacidin all except group 1, which received distilled water. For post-colitis induction treatment group 2 received distilled water, groups 3, 4 and 5 were orally administeredthe extract at doses of 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg, respectively while group 6 received sulfasalazine 500mg/kg orally.Post colitis induction, treatment lasted for 7 days and at the end of the experiment, colon samples were collected for estimation of antioxidant, inflammatory and histological parameters. Molecular docking study was also carried out to gain more insights about the promising anti-inflammatory compounds earlier identified in the extract.Results revealed that the extract significantly (p<0.05) attenuated the increased MDA, nitrite,TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Activities of SOD, CAT, MPO and GSH levelswere also, significantly (p<0.05) increased. Furthermore, molecular docking study revealed that α-amyrin may have contributed significantly to the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract because of its remarkable binding affinity for IL-6, iNOS, IL1-β,TNF-α and COX-2 relative to prednisolone and celecoxib. This study suggests that the extract attenuated acetic acid-induced colitis via antioxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
.
{"title":"Morphological, Biochemical and Molecular Docking Evaluation of the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Methanolic Extract of Bridelia ferruginea stem bark on Acetic acid-induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats","authors":"Omolaso Blessing Oluwagbamila, Adeoti Adeniran, Kayode Adeniran, Alfred Abioye, Esther Nathaniel-Ukwa","doi":"10.54548/njps.v38i1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54548/njps.v38i1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disorder that involves inflammation. This study was carried out to examine the anti-inflammatory effect of the methanol extract of Brideliaferrugineastem barkinAcetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis inmaleWistarrats. Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 4 animals each, colitis was thereafter induced by intrarectal administration of4% (v/v)Aceticacidin all except group 1, which received distilled water. For post-colitis induction treatment group 2 received distilled water, groups 3, 4 and 5 were orally administeredthe extract at doses of 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg, respectively while group 6 received sulfasalazine 500mg/kg orally.Post colitis induction, treatment lasted for 7 days and at the end of the experiment, colon samples were collected for estimation of antioxidant, inflammatory and histological parameters. Molecular docking study was also carried out to gain more insights about the promising anti-inflammatory compounds earlier identified in the extract.Results revealed that the extract significantly (p<0.05) attenuated the increased MDA, nitrite,TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Activities of SOD, CAT, MPO and GSH levelswere also, significantly (p<0.05) increased. Furthermore, molecular docking study revealed that α-amyrin may have contributed significantly to the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract because of its remarkable binding affinity for IL-6, iNOS, IL1-β,TNF-α and COX-2 relative to prednisolone and celecoxib. This study suggests that the extract attenuated acetic acid-induced colitis via antioxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
 .","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136368889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. C. Akinmoladun, Bidemi Sikirat Jiddah Kazeem, Morenikejimi Bello, M. Tolulope Olaleye
The neuro-pharmacological effect of Eucalyptus globulus ethanol leaf extract in fructose-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was evaluated in this study. The phytochemical analysis of the extract was carried out using HPLC-DAD. Diabetes was induced in rats with 10% fructose in drinking water and a single intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). Diabetic animals were orally treated with 100-400 mg/kg of the extract for 21 days with glibenclamide as the reference drug. Blood and brain tissue were processed for the determination of serum electrolyte levels, hematological indices, and biochemical estimations. Ergosterol, pinitol, catechin, quercetin, robinetinidol, and other polyphenols were identified in the extract. Diabetic animals showed decreased serum potassium and sodium ion levels and decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells and lymphocytes but increased neutrophils. The brains of animals in the untreated diabetic group with increased blood glucose level showed oxidative stress (increased level of MDA and myeloperoxidase but decreased level of reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase) and disturbed neurochemistry (increased level of acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase but decreased level of Na+K+ATPase, tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine). Administration of the Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract remarkably ameliorated the observed hyperglycemia, electrolyte, and hematological imbalances in animals. In addition, the administration of the extract attenuated the brain redox imbalance, and neurochemical disturbances in the rats. These results show that Eucalyptus globulus leaves contain antioxidant and neurotransmitter modulating phytochemicals with the potential to be developed as therapeutic agents for the management of diabetic cerebrovascular problems and related complications.
{"title":"Effect of standardized Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract on brain oxidative stress and aberrant neurochemistry of fructose-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","authors":"A. C. Akinmoladun, Bidemi Sikirat Jiddah Kazeem, Morenikejimi Bello, M. Tolulope Olaleye","doi":"10.54548/njps.v38i1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54548/njps.v38i1.10","url":null,"abstract":"The neuro-pharmacological effect of Eucalyptus globulus ethanol leaf extract in fructose-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was evaluated in this study. The phytochemical analysis of the extract was carried out using HPLC-DAD. Diabetes was induced in rats with 10% fructose in drinking water and a single intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). Diabetic animals were orally treated with 100-400 mg/kg of the extract for 21 days with glibenclamide as the reference drug. Blood and brain tissue were processed for the determination of serum electrolyte levels, hematological indices, and biochemical estimations. Ergosterol, pinitol, catechin, quercetin, robinetinidol, and other polyphenols were identified in the extract. Diabetic animals showed decreased serum potassium and sodium ion levels and decreased hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells and lymphocytes but increased neutrophils. The brains of animals in the untreated diabetic group with increased blood glucose level showed oxidative stress (increased level of MDA and myeloperoxidase but decreased level of reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase) and disturbed neurochemistry (increased level of acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase but decreased level of Na+K+ATPase, tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine). Administration of the Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract remarkably ameliorated the observed hyperglycemia, electrolyte, and hematological imbalances in animals. In addition, the administration of the extract attenuated the brain redox imbalance, and neurochemical disturbances in the rats. These results show that Eucalyptus globulus leaves contain antioxidant and neurotransmitter modulating phytochemicals with the potential to be developed as therapeutic agents for the management of diabetic cerebrovascular problems and related complications.","PeriodicalId":35043,"journal":{"name":"Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136368891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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