Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.11975/J.ISSN.1002-6819.2020.13.007
Wang Changling, He Xiongkui, Zeng Aijun, A. Herbst, Supakorn Wongsuk, Qiao Baiyu, Zhao Cheng, Yuan Shankui, Zhong Ling, V. Overbeck, J. Bonds, Yang Yi, Zhou Guoqiang, Wang Xuan, G. Wanlin
In recent years, low-altitude and low-volume plant protection operations using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sprayer developed rapidly in China with the advantages of high efficiency, labour saving, high safety, high terrain adaptability, high flexibility, water and chemicals saving, and high intelligence. With the UAV application technology in field crops is becoming more and more mature, aerial spraying operations in orchards are promising and in the ascendant, but a high risk of UAV spray drift is appearing due to high working height and fine droplets sprayed in slope orchards, highlighting the necessity of the study on the spray drift characteristics of UAV chemicals application for fruit trees. Therefore, based on previous research, a novel type of measuring method of spray drift for UAV chemicals application in orchard was proposed in this study and an artificial orchard test stand (vineyard) and 3 airborne drift frame collectors were designed and built, and a set of field drift test bench was firstly used to collect aerial spray drift droplets at different downwind distances, together with ground drift collectors and canopy deposition collectors. An airborne drift index (ADX) of UAV’s spray was initially applied for quantitative analysis to compare spray drift characteristics of different models of unmanned aircrafts and variable operation parameters. Fluorescence tracer Pyranine water solution was prepared at the concentration of 0.1% as the spray liquid. Four typical types of plant protection UAV (a single-rotor oil-powered helicopter, a 6-rotor motor drone and two models of 8-rotor motor drones) equipped with conventional hollow cone nozzle ‘TR 80-0067’ and air-induction anti-drift nozzle ‘IDK 120-015’were tested in the artificial vineyard, and results of canopy deposition distribution, ground sediment drift, near-ground drift, and airborne drift were obtained and analysed, and different sampling collectors for spray drift were evaluated and compared. The results showed that: Under the environmental conditions that the nominal crosswind speed was 2.4-3.6 m/s, the temperature was 29.8-34.3 ℃ and relative humidity was 10.7%-30.6%, at the flight height of 1.5 m (3.5 m from the ground) and the speed of 2.0 m/s the air-induction nozzle IDK can significantly reduce the level of downwind spray drift of UAV, optimize the uniformity of deposition distribution and increase the effective utilization rate of chemicals; There was no significant difference in the drift characteristics of the 4 types of unmanned aircraft, and the vortex generated by the combination of the rotor’s downwash airflow and the external wind was an important factor on spray drift; Buffer zone of UAV aerial spraying operation in vineyards should be set at at least 15 m; The lower the canopy deposition rate (P 0), the larger the average average drift rate (AADR) and 90% cumulative drift distancex90% of the field drift test bench (P 0), the greater the ADX value (P 0) all indic
{"title":"Measuring method and experiment on spray drift of chemicals applied by UAV sprayer based on an artificial orchard test bench","authors":"Wang Changling, He Xiongkui, Zeng Aijun, A. Herbst, Supakorn Wongsuk, Qiao Baiyu, Zhao Cheng, Yuan Shankui, Zhong Ling, V. Overbeck, J. Bonds, Yang Yi, Zhou Guoqiang, Wang Xuan, G. Wanlin","doi":"10.11975/J.ISSN.1002-6819.2020.13.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11975/J.ISSN.1002-6819.2020.13.007","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, low-altitude and low-volume plant protection operations using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sprayer developed rapidly in China with the advantages of high efficiency, labour saving, high safety, high terrain adaptability, high flexibility, water and chemicals saving, and high intelligence. With the UAV application technology in field crops is becoming more and more mature, aerial spraying operations in orchards are promising and in the ascendant, but a high risk of UAV spray drift is appearing due to high working height and fine droplets sprayed in slope orchards, highlighting the necessity of the study on the spray drift characteristics of UAV chemicals application for fruit trees. Therefore, based on previous research, a novel type of measuring method of spray drift for UAV chemicals application in orchard was proposed in this study and an artificial orchard test stand (vineyard) and 3 airborne drift frame collectors were designed and built, and a set of field drift test bench was firstly used to collect aerial spray drift droplets at different downwind distances, together with ground drift collectors and canopy deposition collectors. An airborne drift index (ADX) of UAV’s spray was initially applied for quantitative analysis to compare spray drift characteristics of different models of unmanned aircrafts and variable operation parameters. Fluorescence tracer Pyranine water solution was prepared at the concentration of 0.1% as the spray liquid. Four typical types of plant protection UAV (a single-rotor oil-powered helicopter, a 6-rotor motor drone and two models of 8-rotor motor drones) equipped with conventional hollow cone nozzle ‘TR 80-0067’ and air-induction anti-drift nozzle ‘IDK 120-015’were tested in the artificial vineyard, and results of canopy deposition distribution, ground sediment drift, near-ground drift, and airborne drift were obtained and analysed, and different sampling collectors for spray drift were evaluated and compared. The results showed that: Under the environmental conditions that the nominal crosswind speed was 2.4-3.6 m/s, the temperature was 29.8-34.3 ℃ and relative humidity was 10.7%-30.6%, at the flight height of 1.5 m (3.5 m from the ground) and the speed of 2.0 m/s the air-induction nozzle IDK can significantly reduce the level of downwind spray drift of UAV, optimize the uniformity of deposition distribution and increase the effective utilization rate of chemicals; There was no significant difference in the drift characteristics of the 4 types of unmanned aircraft, and the vortex generated by the combination of the rotor’s downwash airflow and the external wind was an important factor on spray drift; Buffer zone of UAV aerial spraying operation in vineyards should be set at at least 15 m; The lower the canopy deposition rate (P 0), the larger the average average drift rate (AADR) and 90% cumulative drift distancex90% of the field drift test bench (P 0), the greater the ADX value (P 0) all indic","PeriodicalId":35075,"journal":{"name":"农业工程学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66395342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.11975/J.ISSN.1002-6819.2019.14.030
H. Liu, L. Qu, Y. Chen, Wennan Zhang, H. Yang, X. Wang, H. Chen
In order to explore the utilization of natural microalgae, the natural Scenedesmus was selected to carry out hydrothermal carbonization experiments, and the characterization of its hydrochars was d ...
为探索天然微藻的利用价值，选取天然的Scenedesmus进行水热炭化实验，并对其水合物进行表征。
{"title":"Physicochemical characteristics and pyrolysis kinetics of hydrothermal carbon from natural Scenedesmus","authors":"H. Liu, L. Qu, Y. Chen, Wennan Zhang, H. Yang, X. Wang, H. Chen","doi":"10.11975/J.ISSN.1002-6819.2019.14.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11975/J.ISSN.1002-6819.2019.14.030","url":null,"abstract":"In order to explore the utilization of natural microalgae, the natural Scenedesmus was selected to carry out hydrothermal carbonization experiments, and the characterization of its hydrochars was d ...","PeriodicalId":35075,"journal":{"name":"农业工程学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66395272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-01DOI: 10.11975/J.ISSN.1002-6819.2017.03.041
T. Feng, Ke Wang, Jinjie Zhou, B. Deepak, Feng Chen, O. Campanella, B. Hamaker, M. Carignano, Haining Zhuang
{"title":"Molecular dynamics simulation of self-assembling process of ternary nanoparticle","authors":"T. Feng, Ke Wang, Jinjie Zhou, B. Deepak, Feng Chen, O. Campanella, B. Hamaker, M. Carignano, Haining Zhuang","doi":"10.11975/J.ISSN.1002-6819.2017.03.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11975/J.ISSN.1002-6819.2017.03.041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35075,"journal":{"name":"农业工程学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46678562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.11975/J.ISSN.1002-6819.2016.17.028
Yongjun Yang, Shaoliang Zhang, Z. Bian, P. Erskine, Xiaoshun Li
A large quantity of land resources have been damaged due to intense human activities and natural disasters, such as mining operation, infrastructure construction, and landslide. The expectation to restore the function of the degraded land is increasingly drawing much attention from both publics and governments. After decades' efforts, there is still a heavy task of land reclamation that needs to be finished in China. Due to the strong regional differentiation, the situation of land reclamation in each province is different from others. In order to reduce the regional differences with a purpose of promoting the land reclamation in China, it is essential to explore the spatial-temporal pattern differentiation and influence mechanism of land reclamation. This paper took 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous districts in China as research area to reveal the spatial pattern of the quantity of land reclamation and its influence factors. The considered factors included the economic, social, technical, institutional and natural conditions. Data were collected from related statistical yearbook, published paper and China national knowledge internet (CNKI). We employed exploratory spatial data analysis to detect the spatial pattern of land reclamation in China. Besides, factor analysis was used to discover the public driving force of land reclamation. Panel data model was used to quantify the influence of different factors on the quantity of land reclamation in different regions. It could be found that: 1) The quantity of land reclamation in China was featured by a weak spatial autocorrelation and three-grade distribution pattern, and it showed a spatial nonstationary process with inter-annual instability from 1999 to 2013. This pattern was partly in accordance with the economic development and affected by some factors such as the distribution of mineral resource and differentiated land reclamation policies; 2) Due to the weak spatial aggregation, only one area with H-H (high-high) clustered reclamation was detected in eastern China (the center was Jiangsu Province), and not any other significant hot area was been found; 3) The 3 public factors mainly affecting land reclamation were mission, drive and support respectively. It can be inferred that the most significant motive force of land reclamation in China is economic driving force, and the second force is mission of land reclamation. This indicates that, to some degree, the insufficient quantity of land reclamation cannot only attribute to the technical problem. Obviously, it is a synthesis problem related to other factors, especially the economy. For eastern China, land reclamation is mainly driven by the pressure of land resource shortage and economic attraction. Central China is also suffering from the pressure of land resource shortage, but its land reclamation is negatively affected by the ongoing mining activity. In western China, there is more mission of land reclamation, but the natural con
{"title":"Spatial-temporal pattern differentiation and influencing mechanism of land reclamation in China","authors":"Yongjun Yang, Shaoliang Zhang, Z. Bian, P. Erskine, Xiaoshun Li","doi":"10.11975/J.ISSN.1002-6819.2016.17.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11975/J.ISSN.1002-6819.2016.17.028","url":null,"abstract":"A large quantity of land resources have been damaged due to intense human activities and natural disasters, such as mining operation, infrastructure construction, and landslide. The expectation to restore the function of the degraded land is increasingly drawing much attention from both publics and governments. After decades' efforts, there is still a heavy task of land reclamation that needs to be finished in China. Due to the strong regional differentiation, the situation of land reclamation in each province is different from others. In order to reduce the regional differences with a purpose of promoting the land reclamation in China, it is essential to explore the spatial-temporal pattern differentiation and influence mechanism of land reclamation. This paper took 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous districts in China as research area to reveal the spatial pattern of the quantity of land reclamation and its influence factors. The considered factors included the economic, social, technical, institutional and natural conditions. Data were collected from related statistical yearbook, published paper and China national knowledge internet (CNKI). We employed exploratory spatial data analysis to detect the spatial pattern of land reclamation in China. Besides, factor analysis was used to discover the public driving force of land reclamation. Panel data model was used to quantify the influence of different factors on the quantity of land reclamation in different regions. It could be found that: 1) The quantity of land reclamation in China was featured by a weak spatial autocorrelation and three-grade distribution pattern, and it showed a spatial nonstationary process with inter-annual instability from 1999 to 2013. This pattern was partly in accordance with the economic development and affected by some factors such as the distribution of mineral resource and differentiated land reclamation policies; 2) Due to the weak spatial aggregation, only one area with H-H (high-high) clustered reclamation was detected in eastern China (the center was Jiangsu Province), and not any other significant hot area was been found; 3) The 3 public factors mainly affecting land reclamation were mission, drive and support respectively. It can be inferred that the most significant motive force of land reclamation in China is economic driving force, and the second force is mission of land reclamation. This indicates that, to some degree, the insufficient quantity of land reclamation cannot only attribute to the technical problem. Obviously, it is a synthesis problem related to other factors, especially the economy. For eastern China, land reclamation is mainly driven by the pressure of land resource shortage and economic attraction. Central China is also suffering from the pressure of land resource shortage, but its land reclamation is negatively affected by the ongoing mining activity. In western China, there is more mission of land reclamation, but the natural con","PeriodicalId":35075,"journal":{"name":"农业工程学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66395704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-01DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.13.035
Zhai Wanli, Liu Shengyong, Guan Zeyun, Wang Pengxiao, Liu Hongfu, Xia Xuning, Tang Yating
{"title":"Development of chain-steam boiler for biomass briquette.","authors":"Zhai Wanli, Liu Shengyong, Guan Zeyun, Wang Pengxiao, Liu Hongfu, Xia Xuning, Tang Yating","doi":"10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.13.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.13.035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35075,"journal":{"name":"农业工程学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66395532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-02-01DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.03.013
Huichun Zhang, G. Dorr, Jiaqiang Zhang, H. Zhou, Jun Yu
With greater environmental awareness, the movement of pesticides within and off of a spray target area is acritical public concern. Ideally, all of the material applied should be deposited within t ...
{"title":"Wind tunnel experiment and regression model for spray drift","authors":"Huichun Zhang, G. Dorr, Jiaqiang Zhang, H. Zhou, Jun Yu","doi":"10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.03.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2015.03.013","url":null,"abstract":"With greater environmental awareness, the movement of pesticides within and off of a spray target area is acritical public concern. Ideally, all of the material applied should be deposited within t ...","PeriodicalId":35075,"journal":{"name":"农业工程学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70160546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.11975/J.ISSN.1002-6819.2015.09.001
Changrong Yan, W. He, E. Liu, Tao Lin, M. Pasquale, Shuang Liu, Qin Liu
{"title":"Concept and estimation of crop safety period of plastic film mulching","authors":"Changrong Yan, W. He, E. Liu, Tao Lin, M. Pasquale, Shuang Liu, Qin Liu","doi":"10.11975/J.ISSN.1002-6819.2015.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11975/J.ISSN.1002-6819.2015.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35075,"journal":{"name":"农业工程学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66394964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.11975/J.ISSN.1002-6819.2015.17.028
Huanjun Liu, Linghua Meng, Xinle Zhang, S. Ustin, Dong-hao Ning, Siyu Sun
{"title":"Estimation model of cotton yield with time series Landsat images","authors":"Huanjun Liu, Linghua Meng, Xinle Zhang, S. Ustin, Dong-hao Ning, Siyu Sun","doi":"10.11975/J.ISSN.1002-6819.2015.17.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11975/J.ISSN.1002-6819.2015.17.028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35075,"journal":{"name":"农业工程学报","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66395131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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