National vital statistics reports : from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System最新文献

Objectives: This report presents complete period life tables for each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia (D.C.) by sex based on age-specific death rates in 2022.

Methods: Data used to prepare the 2022 state-specific life tables include: 2022 final mortality statistics; July 1, 2022, population estimates based on the Blended Base population estimates produced by the U.S. Census Bureau; and 2022 Medicare data for people ages 66-99. The methodology used to estimate the state-specific life tables is the same as that used to estimate the 2022 national life tables, with some modifications.

Results: Among the 50 states and D.C., Hawaii had the highest life expectancy at birth, 80.0 years in 2022, and West Virginia had the lowest, 72.2 years. From 2021 to 2022, life expectancy increased for 48 states and D.C. and decreased for 2 states. In 2022, life expectancy at age 65 ranged from 16.6 years in West Virginia to 20.5 years in Hawaii. Life expectancy at birth was higher for females in all states and D.C. The difference in life expectancy between females and males ranged from 3.6 years in Utah to 6.9 years in New Mexico.

Objectives: This report presents final 2023 data on the 10 leading causes of death in the United States by age group, race and Hispanic origin, and sex. Leading causes of infant, neonatal, and postneonatal death are also presented. This report supplements "Deaths: Final Data for 2023," the National Center for Health Statistics' annual report of final mortality statistics.

Methods: Data in this report are based on information from all death certificates filed in the 50 states and the District of Columbia in 2023. Causes of death classified by the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision are ranked according to the number of deaths. Cause-of-death statistics are based on the underlying cause of death.

Results: In 2023, the ranked order of 7 of the 10 leading causes of death changed from 2022. The 10 leading causes of death in 2023 in ranked order were: Diseases of heart; Malignant neoplasms; Accidents (unintentional injuries); Cerebrovascular diseases; Chronic lower respiratory diseases; Alzheimer disease; Diabetes mellitus; Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis; Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis; and COVID-19. These causes accounted for 70.9% of all deaths occurring in the United States. Rankings are presented by age, race, Hispanic origin, and sex. The 10 leading causes of infant death for 2023 in ranked order were: Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities; Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified; Sudden infant death syndrome; Accidents (unintentional injuries); Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy; Bacterial sepsis of newborn; Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord and membranes; Respiratory distress of newborn; Intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia; and Diseases of the circulatory system.

Objectives: This report presents and compares trends in U.S. births and deaths from 2010 through 2023. Births and deaths are shown by race and Hispanic origin and urbanicity of county of residence.

Methods: Descriptive tabulations of trends in the numbers, rates, and ratios of births and deaths for the United States from 2010 through 2023 are presented and interpreted.

Results: From 2010 through 2023, the number of births for the United States declined by a total of 10%. Births were essentially stable from 2010 through 2016, declined from 2016 through 2019, and then fluctuated from 2019 through 2023. In contrast, the number of deaths generally increased from 2010 through 2023, by a total of 25%. Deaths increased from 2010 through 2019 and fluctuated from 2019 through 2023. The crude birth rate decreased 18% from 2010 through 2023, declining 0.8% per year from 2010 through 2015 and 2.0% per year from 2015 through 2019; the rate then fluctuated from 2019 through 2023. In contrast, the crude death rate increased 15% from 2010 through 2023, rising 1.0% on average from 2010 through 2019, and then fluctuating from 2019 through 2023. The birth-to-death ratio declined from 2010 through 2023, by a total of 28%, with the ratio decreasing 1.6% per year from 2010 through 2014 and 2.8% per year from 2014 through 2019; the ratio then fluctuated from 2019 through 2023. The ratio generally declined for the three largest race and Hispanic-origin groups from 2010 through 2023, fluctuating but increasing from 2019 through 2023. The differences in the ratios among the groups narrowed from 2010 through 2023. The birth-to-death ratio declined for both urban and rural counties from 2010 through 2023, with differences between ratios narrowing.

Objectives: This report presents complete period life tables for the United States by Hispanic origin and race and sex, based on age-specific death rates in 2023.

Methods: Data used to prepare the 2023 life tables are 2023 final mortality statistics; July 1, 2023, population estimates based on the blended base population estimates produced by the U.S. Census Bureau; and 2023 Medicare data for people ages 66-99. The methodology used to estimate the life tables for the Hispanic population remains unchanged from that developed for the publication of life tables by Hispanic origin for data year 2006. The same methodology is used to estimate the life tables for the American Indian and Alaska Native non-Hispanic and Asian non-Hispanic populations. The methodology used to estimate the 2023 life tables for all other groups was first implemented with data year 2008.

Results: In 2023, the overall expectation of life at birth was 78.4 years, increasing 0.9 year from 77.5 years in 2022. Between 2022 and 2023, life expectancy at birth increased by 1.0 year for males (from 74.8 to 75.8) and by 0.9 year for females (80.2 to 81.1). Between 2022 and 2023, life expectancy increased by 2.3 years for the American Indian and Alaska Native non-Hispanic population (67.8 to 70.1), by 1.3 years for the Hispanic population (80.0 to 81.3), by 1.2 years for the Black non-Hispanic population (72.8 to 74.0), by 0.9 year or the White non-Hispanic population (77.5 to 78.4), and by 0.8 year for the Asian non-Hispanic population (84.4 to 85.2).

Objectives: This report presents 2023 fetal mortality data by maternal race and Hispanic origin, age, tobacco use during pregnancy, and state of residence, as well as by plurality, sex, gestational age, birthweight, and selected causes of death. Trends in fetal mortality are also examined.

Methods: Descriptive tabulations of data are presented and interpreted for all fetal deaths reported for the United States for 2023 with a stated or presumed period of gestation of 20 weeks or more. Cause-of-fetal-death data only are restricted to residents of the 38 states and District of Columbia where cause of death was based on the 2003 fetal death report revision for the full year and less than 50% of deaths were attributed to Fetal death of unspecified cause (P95).

Results: A total of 20,005 fetal deaths at 20 weeks of gestation or more were reported in the United States in 2023. The 2023 U.S. fetal mortality rate was 5.53 fetal deaths at 20 weeks of gestation or more per 1,000 live births and fetal deaths, not significantly different from the rate of 5.48 in 2022. The fetal mortality rate in 2023 for deaths occurring at 20-27 weeks of gestation was 2.89, a 4% increase from 2022 (2.79). For deaths occurring at 28 weeks of gestation or more, the rate in 2023 (2.66) was not significantly different from 2022 (2.71). In 2023, the fetal mortality rate was highest for Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander non-Hispanic (10.18) and Black non-Hispanic (9.95) women and lowest for Asian non-Hispanic women (4.14). Fetal mortality rates were highest for females younger than 15 and age 40 and older, for women who smoked during pregnancy, and for women with multiple gestation pregnancies. Five selected causes accounted for 89.9% of fetal deaths in the 38-state and District of Columbia reporting area.

Objectives: This report presents recent trends in the mean (average) age of mothers when they gave birth in the United States from 2016 to 2023. It updates previous analyses by examining trends in mean maternal age by birth order and presents trends and differences in mean age at first birth across race and Hispanic origin and urbanicity.

Methods: Data are from the National Vital Statistics System, comprising all birth records in the United States for 2016-2023. Mean maternal age was calculated for first, second, and third and higher-order births (the number of live births born to a woman during her lifetime). Trends over time and differences by mother's race and Hispanic origin and urbanicity are described.

Results: The mean age of mothers at first birth increased 0.9 year, from 26.6 in 2016 to 27.5 in 2023. Similar increases were observed for higher-order births, with mean age at birth rising by 1.0 year for second births and 0.9 year for third and higher-order births. All racial and ethnic groups saw an increase in mean age at first birth of 0.4-1.4 years. Mean maternal age at first birth rose across all levels of urbanicity, from large metropolitan counties to rural counties, by 0.7-0.9 year. In 2023, mothers in large metropolitan counties had the highest mean age at first birth (28.5), while those in noncore counties had the lowest (24.8).

Objectives: This report presents final 2023 infant mortality statistics by age at death, maternal race and Hispanic origin, maternal age, gestational age, leading causes of death, and maternal state of residence. Trends in infant mortality are also examined.

Methods: Descriptive tabulations of data are presented and interpreted for infant deaths and infant mortality rates using the 2023 period linked birth/infant death file. The linked birth/infant death file is based on birth and death certificates registered in all 50 states and the District of Columbia.

Results: A total of 20,162 infant deaths were reported in the United States in 2023, down 2% from 2022. The U.S. infant mortality rate was 5.61 infant deaths per 1,000 live births, unchanged from the rate in 2022. Changes in the neonatal mortality rate from 3.59 in 2022 to 3.65 in 2023, and in the postneonatal mortality rate from 2.02 to 1.96, were not significant. Changes in mortality rates for infants by maternal race and Hispanic-origin group were not significant; among Hispanic-origin subgroups, rates increased for infants of Mexican women in 2023 compared with 2022. Infants of Black non-Hispanic women had the highest mortality rate (10.93) in 2023, followed by infants of American Indian and Alaska Native non-Hispanic (9.20) and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander non-Hispanic (8.21), Hispanic (5.03), White non-Hispanic (4.48), and Asian non-Hispanic (3.44) women. The mortality rate decreased from 2022 to 2023 for infants born at 41 weeks of gestation (1.73 to 1.46) but were essentially unchanged for other gestational age categories. The five leading causes of infant death in 2023 were the same as in 2022. Infant mortality rates by state for 2023 ranged from a low of 2.93 in New Hampshire to a high of 8.94 in Mississippi.

Objectives: This report presents final 2022 data on U.S. deaths, death rates, life expectancy, infant and maternal mortality, and trends by selected characteristics such as age, sex, Hispanic origin and race, state of residence, and cause of death.

Methods: Information reported on death certificates is presented in descriptive tabulations. The original records are filed in state registration offices. Statistical information is compiled in a national database through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program of the National Center for Health Statistics. Causes of death are processed according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision . Beginning in 2018, all states and the District of Columbia were using the 2003 revised certificate of death for the entire year, which includes the 1997 Office of Management and Budget revised standards for race. Data based on these revised standards are not completely comparable to previous years.

Results: In 2022, a total of 3,279,857 deaths were reported in the United States. The age-adjusted death rate was 798.8 deaths per 100,000 U.S. standard population, a decrease of 9.2% from the 2021 rate. Life expectancy at birth was 77.5 years, an increase of 1.1 years from 2021. Age-specific death rates decreased from 2021 to 2022 for age groups 15-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, 75-84, and 85 and older and increased for age groups 1-4 and 5-14. In 2022, the 10 leading causes of death remained the same as in 2021, although four causes changed rank. Heart disease remained the top leading cause, followed by cancer. The infant mortality rate, 5.60 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2022, increased 2.9% from the rate in 2021 (5.44).

Conclusions: In 2022, the age-adjusted death rate decreased and life expectancy at birth increased for the total, male, and female populations, primarily due to the decrease in deaths from COVID-19.

Background and objectives: Beginning with the 2023 data year, the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) will use a different, expanded measure of perinatal mortality for standard publications. This measure, Definition III, includes fetal deaths at 20 weeks of gestation or more and infant deaths younger than 7 days. Definition III replaces Definition I (fetal deaths at 28 weeks of gestation or more and infant deaths younger than 7 days), which has been used in NCHS reports since the 1980s. This change is being made due to the implementation of national reporting of all fetal deaths at 20 weeks of gestation or more as of 2014, allowing for the use of Definition III, which more fully represents the perinatal events most likely to be affected by similar factors. This report describes the reason for this change and compares trends in perinatal mortality rates based on Definition I and Definition III from 2014 to 2022 and differences in the two measures by maternal race and Hispanic origin, age, and state of residence for 2022.

Methods: Data for perinatal mortality are derived from NCHS's National Vital Statistics System's fetal death, birth, and period linked birth/infant death files. Perinatal mortality rates for Definition III are compared with those for Definition I.

Results: In 2022, Definition III comprised 91.4% of perinatal deaths (fetal deaths at 20 weeks of gestation or more and infant deaths younger than 28 days) compared with 60.7% of perinatal deaths captured by Definition I. The perinatal mortality rate for Definition III was about 50% higher than that for Definition I (8.27 and 5.51, respectively, in 2022). Trends in perinatal mortality were similar for both measures during 2014-2022; rates were stable from 2014 through 2016 and then declined from 2016 through 2022. For 2022, patterns by maternal race and Hispanic origin and age were also similar, but more variation in patterns was observed by state.

Background and objectives: Beginning with the 2023 data year, the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) will use a different, expanded measure of perinatal mortality for standard publications. This measure, Definition III, includes fetal deaths at 20 weeks of gestation or more and infant deaths younger than 7 days. Definition III replaces Definition I (fetal deaths at 28 weeks of gestation or more and infant deaths younger than 7 days), which has been used in NCHS reports since the 1980s. This change is being made due to the implementation of national reporting of all fetal deaths at 20 weeks of gestation or more as of 2014, allowing for the use of Definition III, which more fully represents the perinatal events most likely to be affected by similar factors. This report describes the reason for this change and compares trends in perinatal mortality rates based on Definition I and Definition III from 2014 to 2022 and differences in the two measures by maternal race and Hispanic origin, age, and state of residence for 2022.

Methods: Data for perinatal mortality are derived from NCHS's National Vital Statistics System's fetal death, birth, and period linked birth/infant death files. Perinatal mortality rates for Definition III are compared with those for Definition I.

Results: In 2022, Definition III comprised 91.4% of perinatal deaths (fetal deaths at 20 weeks of gestation or more and infant deaths younger than 28 days) compared with 60.7% of perinatal deaths captured by Definition I. The perinatal mortality rate for Definition III was about 50% higher than that for Definition I (8.27 and 5.51, respectively, in 2022). Trends in perinatal mortality were similar for both measures during 2014-2022; rates were stable from 2014 through 2016 and then declined from 2016 through 2022. For 2022, patterns by maternal race and Hispanic origin and age were also similar, but more variation in patterns was observed by state.