Software engineering processes are a challenging domain for the application of workflow engines due to their high dynamicity, often evolutionary nature, abstract process models, and the informational and environmental dependencies of their activities. In order to offer automated and relevant process guidance to software developers, the operational-level guidance must be capable of situational adaptation as processes evolve. A declarative workflow modeling approach driven by semantic technology is described that contextually constructs workflows on-the-fly from candidate activities. Thus, automated process guidance in dynamic environments is facilitated while retaining correctness properties, simplifying modeling, and fostering reuse.
{"title":"Semantically-Driven Workflow Generation Using Declarative Modeling for Processes in Software Engineering","authors":"Gregor Grambow, R. Oberhauser, M. Reichert","doi":"10.1109/EDOCW.2011.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOCW.2011.54","url":null,"abstract":"Software engineering processes are a challenging domain for the application of workflow engines due to their high dynamicity, often evolutionary nature, abstract process models, and the informational and environmental dependencies of their activities. In order to offer automated and relevant process guidance to software developers, the operational-level guidance must be capable of situational adaptation as processes evolve. A declarative workflow modeling approach driven by semantic technology is described that contextually constructs workflows on-the-fly from candidate activities. Thus, automated process guidance in dynamic environments is facilitated while retaining correctness properties, simplifying modeling, and fostering reuse.","PeriodicalId":351015,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 15th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops","volume":"264 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134161949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many business processes cannot be easily measured due to their non-deterministic or qualitative nature. So, to fit in common performance measurement systems (PMS), artificial and simplifying measures are used that are complicated and costly to create and evaluate. Using a literature review, this paper documents the dominance of PMS that rely on KPIs and a lack of those that also incorporate non-numeric, generic indicators that better address qualitative problems. Considering the need for better transparency and comparability of business processes as well as visibility of process performance, the final necessity of deployment for are fined PMS using additional indirect indicators is derived. It would be able to assess hidden performance problems and to reveal additional improvement possibilities.
{"title":"On the Restriction to Numeric Indicators in Performance Measurement Systems","authors":"Tim Pidun, Carsten Felden","doi":"10.1109/EDOCW.2011.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOCW.2011.16","url":null,"abstract":"Many business processes cannot be easily measured due to their non-deterministic or qualitative nature. So, to fit in common performance measurement systems (PMS), artificial and simplifying measures are used that are complicated and costly to create and evaluate. Using a literature review, this paper documents the dominance of PMS that rely on KPIs and a lack of those that also incorporate non-numeric, generic indicators that better address qualitative problems. Considering the need for better transparency and comparability of business processes as well as visibility of process performance, the final necessity of deployment for are fined PMS using additional indirect indicators is derived. It would be able to assess hidden performance problems and to reveal additional improvement possibilities.","PeriodicalId":351015,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 15th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121644096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Bucchiarone, A. Marconi, M. Pistore, Adina Sirbu
Run-time adaptability is a key feature of dynamic business environments, where the processes need to be constantly refined and restructured to deal with exceptional situations and changing requirements. The execution of such a system results in a set of adapted process variants instantiated on the same process model but dynamically restructured to handle specific contexts. Process evolution exploits the information on process variants to identify the best performing recurring adaptations and adopt them as general solutions in the process model. However, process variants are strictly related to specific execution contexts and cannot be adopted as general solutions. We propose a framework supporting context-aware evolution of business processes based on process instance execution and adaptation history. Instead of looking for recurring adaptations, we propose to look for recurring adaptation needs (i.e., process instances with the same context constraint violation and system configuration). Based on the analysis of adapted instances, we automatically construct and rank corrective evolution variants which can handle the problematic context. At the same time, we try to identify preventive evolution variants by constructing process variants which can prevent the adaptation need. We demonstrate the benefits of our approach using a car logistics scenario.
{"title":"A Context-Aware Framework for Business Processes Evolution","authors":"A. Bucchiarone, A. Marconi, M. Pistore, Adina Sirbu","doi":"10.1109/EDOCW.2011.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOCW.2011.47","url":null,"abstract":"Run-time adaptability is a key feature of dynamic business environments, where the processes need to be constantly refined and restructured to deal with exceptional situations and changing requirements. The execution of such a system results in a set of adapted process variants instantiated on the same process model but dynamically restructured to handle specific contexts. Process evolution exploits the information on process variants to identify the best performing recurring adaptations and adopt them as general solutions in the process model. However, process variants are strictly related to specific execution contexts and cannot be adopted as general solutions. We propose a framework supporting context-aware evolution of business processes based on process instance execution and adaptation history. Instead of looking for recurring adaptations, we propose to look for recurring adaptation needs (i.e., process instances with the same context constraint violation and system configuration). Based on the analysis of adapted instances, we automatically construct and rank corrective evolution variants which can handle the problematic context. At the same time, we try to identify preventive evolution variants by constructing process variants which can prevent the adaptation need. We demonstrate the benefits of our approach using a car logistics scenario.","PeriodicalId":351015,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 15th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122544333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes an approach and accompanying process for the development and use of architecture principles. In doing so, it builds on earlier work in which we defined the concept of architecture principle itself. The approach presented in this paper is based on a combination of experiences gathered from practice, as well as a synthesis of past work and other sources from both academia and industry, including standards such as TOGAF. The approach is practical in the sense that it provides more detail on how to develop architecture principles than offered by other source. Also, it shows the 'magic' involved in how to translate drivers to architecture principles.
{"title":"A Practical Approach to the Formulation and Use of Architecture Principles","authors":"D. Greefhorst, H. Proper","doi":"10.1109/EDOCW.2011.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOCW.2011.18","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an approach and accompanying process for the development and use of architecture principles. In doing so, it builds on earlier work in which we defined the concept of architecture principle itself. The approach presented in this paper is based on a combination of experiences gathered from practice, as well as a synthesis of past work and other sources from both academia and industry, including standards such as TOGAF. The approach is practical in the sense that it provides more detail on how to develop architecture principles than offered by other source. Also, it shows the 'magic' involved in how to translate drivers to architecture principles.","PeriodicalId":351015,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 15th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129276597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Advances in Quality of Service Management (AQuSerM) workshop is a satellite event of the IEEE International EDOC Conference (EDOC 2011). The AQuSerM workshop was established as a forum for presenting advances in QoS-oriented techniques and tools for managing enterprise architectures, encompassing approaches to monitoring, diagnostics, runtime analysis and prediction and adaptation. Modeldriven approaches are a special focus of the workshop.
{"title":"Message from the AQuSerM 2011 Chairs","authors":"I. Poernomo, Guijun Wang","doi":"10.1109/EDOCW.2011.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOCW.2011.67","url":null,"abstract":"The Advances in Quality of Service Management (AQuSerM) workshop is a satellite event of the IEEE International EDOC Conference (EDOC 2011). The AQuSerM workshop was established as a forum for presenting advances in QoS-oriented techniques and tools for managing enterprise architectures, encompassing approaches to monitoring, diagnostics, runtime analysis and prediction and adaptation. Modeldriven approaches are a special focus of the workshop.","PeriodicalId":351015,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 15th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126127934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yiyun Shen, Markus Miettinen, Pirjo Moen, L. Kutvonen
Emergence of business networking and social networking increases the exchange of sensitive information and creation of behaviour traces in the network. However, the current computing and communication solutions do not provide sufficient conceptual, architectural or technical facilities to preserve privacy while collaborating in the network. This paper enhances definition on privacy-related concepts to become sufficient for open service ecosystems, and finally introduces a privacy-preservation architecture with emphasis on usability, sustainability against threats, and reasonable cost of establishment and utilisation. As this architecture introduces new categories of tools for privacy preservation, it is significant also as a roadmap or maturity model.
{"title":"Privacy Preservation Approach in Service Ecosystems","authors":"Yiyun Shen, Markus Miettinen, Pirjo Moen, L. Kutvonen","doi":"10.1109/EDOCW.2011.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOCW.2011.59","url":null,"abstract":"Emergence of business networking and social networking increases the exchange of sensitive information and creation of behaviour traces in the network. However, the current computing and communication solutions do not provide sufficient conceptual, architectural or technical facilities to preserve privacy while collaborating in the network. This paper enhances definition on privacy-related concepts to become sufficient for open service ecosystems, and finally introduces a privacy-preservation architecture with emphasis on usability, sustainability against threats, and reasonable cost of establishment and utilisation. As this architecture introduces new categories of tools for privacy preservation, it is significant also as a roadmap or maturity model.","PeriodicalId":351015,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 15th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126170640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Governments all over the world have started eGovernment programmes. Enterprise architecture (EA) work has emerged as a solution to make a better eGovernment. We investigated the role of EA in the Finnish eGovernment programme called the National Project for IT in Social Services (Tikesos). This study reports what kind of role EA has played in group decisions made by the executive group of Tikesos project. Further, it highlights what has been the main emphasis of the Tikesos project. The research approach is qualitative. We analyzed contents and identified themes from the records of the Tikesos executive group. We found out that EA has not guided the group decisions made by the Tikesos executive group although it has been featured in the plans of the project. Further, we identified three themes: buck-passing, instability in decision making and role of EA.
{"title":"Does Enterprise Architecture Form the Ground for Group Decisions in eGovernment Programme? Qualitative Study of the Finnish National Project for IT in Social Services","authors":"M. Saarelainen, Virpi Hotti","doi":"10.1109/EDOCW.2011.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOCW.2011.26","url":null,"abstract":"Governments all over the world have started eGovernment programmes. Enterprise architecture (EA) work has emerged as a solution to make a better eGovernment. We investigated the role of EA in the Finnish eGovernment programme called the National Project for IT in Social Services (Tikesos). This study reports what kind of role EA has played in group decisions made by the executive group of Tikesos project. Further, it highlights what has been the main emphasis of the Tikesos project. The research approach is qualitative. We analyzed contents and identified themes from the records of the Tikesos executive group. We found out that EA has not guided the group decisions made by the Tikesos executive group although it has been featured in the plans of the project. Further, we identified three themes: buck-passing, instability in decision making and role of EA.","PeriodicalId":351015,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 15th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130478164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matthias Farwick, B. Agreiter, R. Breu, Steffen Ryll, Karsten Voges, Inge Hanschke
Creating and maintaining an enterprise architecture model that is both up-to-date and accurate is a difficult task due to the size and complexity of the models and the dispersed nature of EA information in organizations. In current EA maintenance processes, the models are maintained manually with only little automation, which is a time consuming task. Literature from research and practice has identified this challenge, but only few scientific publications actually address the issue of EA model maintenance and its automation. In our research effort on Living Models, we are working towards solutions for a closer connection between EA models and what they represent in the real world. In this article we present (semi-)automated processes for maintaining enterprise architecture models by gathering information from both human input and technical interfaces and discuss implementation issues for realizing the processes in practice. This work is one of the first steps in the direction of minimizing manual work for EAM by automation and increasing EA data quality attributes such as consistency and actuality.
{"title":"Automation Processes for Enterprise Architecture Management","authors":"Matthias Farwick, B. Agreiter, R. Breu, Steffen Ryll, Karsten Voges, Inge Hanschke","doi":"10.1109/EDOCW.2011.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOCW.2011.19","url":null,"abstract":"Creating and maintaining an enterprise architecture model that is both up-to-date and accurate is a difficult task due to the size and complexity of the models and the dispersed nature of EA information in organizations. In current EA maintenance processes, the models are maintained manually with only little automation, which is a time consuming task. Literature from research and practice has identified this challenge, but only few scientific publications actually address the issue of EA model maintenance and its automation. In our research effort on Living Models, we are working towards solutions for a closer connection between EA models and what they represent in the real world. In this article we present (semi-)automated processes for maintaining enterprise architecture models by gathering information from both human input and technical interfaces and discuss implementation issues for realizing the processes in practice. This work is one of the first steps in the direction of minimizing manual work for EAM by automation and increasing EA data quality attributes such as consistency and actuality.","PeriodicalId":351015,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 15th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117133970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katariina Valtonen, Sirpa Mäntynen, M. Leppänen, M. Pulkkinen
Local governments cover multiple service sectors and are typically organized into diversified, deeply hierarchical organizations. Public services offered are tangible, mostly non-IT-critical, and heavily dependent on human resources. Information management is mainly manual in strategy and management processes. In this case study of a large Finnish local government organization, enterprise architecture (EA) is proposed as a tool for improving the coherency of the local government and its alignment to IT and other resources. We ask, what kind of EA descriptions local government agencies need for coherency management, and how to organize them. We apply action design research principles at the Kouvola City concern by adapting the Finnish Government EA Grid there. The business architecture is unfolded to evaluate the target state for a planned change. The results give new insights into transformation of the local government towards new public management related operation models, government-IT alignment, and further development of EA description tools and repositories for public administration use.
{"title":"Enterprise Architecture Descriptions for Enhancing Local Government Transformation and Coherency Management: Case Study","authors":"Katariina Valtonen, Sirpa Mäntynen, M. Leppänen, M. Pulkkinen","doi":"10.1109/EDOCW.2011.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOCW.2011.39","url":null,"abstract":"Local governments cover multiple service sectors and are typically organized into diversified, deeply hierarchical organizations. Public services offered are tangible, mostly non-IT-critical, and heavily dependent on human resources. Information management is mainly manual in strategy and management processes. In this case study of a large Finnish local government organization, enterprise architecture (EA) is proposed as a tool for improving the coherency of the local government and its alignment to IT and other resources. We ask, what kind of EA descriptions local government agencies need for coherency management, and how to organize them. We apply action design research principles at the Kouvola City concern by adapting the Finnish Government EA Grid there. The business architecture is unfolded to evaluate the target state for a planned change. The results give new insights into transformation of the local government towards new public management related operation models, government-IT alignment, and further development of EA description tools and repositories for public administration use.","PeriodicalId":351015,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 15th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops","volume":"44 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120922557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Correct measurement and evaluation of service processes is still an enormous challenge for companies. Especially the need for interaction between customer and supplier during the production of a service makes it difficult to measure and evaluate services. In this context soft factors (like friendliness and competence of the employees) play an important role. The measurement and evaluation of soft factors is very challenging. Soft factors cannot be measured by using objective measuring equipment (like the measurement of throughput time with the aid of a stop watch). Soft factors rather have to be measured and evaluated by people. Here people function as subjective measuring equipments. The use of Liker scales is the common way to measure and evaluate soft factors. But Likert scales do not sufficiently consider human perception. The current paper presents a conceptual five stage model based on the fuzzy set theory to measure and evaluate the performance of service processes. Fuzzy sets are an extension of classical sets and allow elements to belong gradually to a set. This characteristic of fuzzy sets is used to objectify the measurement and evaluation procedure of service processes.
{"title":"A Conceptual Model Based on the Fuzzy Set Theory to Measure and Evaluate the Performance of Service Processes","authors":"S. Amini, R. Jochem","doi":"10.1109/EDOCW.2011.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDOCW.2011.25","url":null,"abstract":"Correct measurement and evaluation of service processes is still an enormous challenge for companies. Especially the need for interaction between customer and supplier during the production of a service makes it difficult to measure and evaluate services. In this context soft factors (like friendliness and competence of the employees) play an important role. The measurement and evaluation of soft factors is very challenging. Soft factors cannot be measured by using objective measuring equipment (like the measurement of throughput time with the aid of a stop watch). Soft factors rather have to be measured and evaluated by people. Here people function as subjective measuring equipments. The use of Liker scales is the common way to measure and evaluate soft factors. But Likert scales do not sufficiently consider human perception. The current paper presents a conceptual five stage model based on the fuzzy set theory to measure and evaluate the performance of service processes. Fuzzy sets are an extension of classical sets and allow elements to belong gradually to a set. This characteristic of fuzzy sets is used to objectify the measurement and evaluation procedure of service processes.","PeriodicalId":351015,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 15th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference Workshops","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123888731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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