Abstract Military staff performance may be inferior due to several reasons. The purpose of the present survey was to study the impact of stress reactions, personality factors, situation awareness, and maladaptive group dynamics on the quality of the decision-making in Swedish high-level military staffs. Participants were mainly captains and majors, but also lieutenant colonels and colonels took part (n = 256, 61 % response rate). A mainly self-made questionnaire was administered in two staff exercises. Maladaptive group dynamics, stress exposure, lack of situation awareness, and negative stress reactions were the strongest predictors of poor staff performance, while personality had less impact.
{"title":"Examining The Impact of Personality and Situational Factors on Decision Making Among Military Staffs","authors":"C. Wallenius, Charlotte Bäccman, G. Larsson","doi":"10.1515/jms-2016-0193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jms-2016-0193","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Military staff performance may be inferior due to several reasons. The purpose of the present survey was to study the impact of stress reactions, personality factors, situation awareness, and maladaptive group dynamics on the quality of the decision-making in Swedish high-level military staffs. Participants were mainly captains and majors, but also lieutenant colonels and colonels took part (n = 256, 61 % response rate). A mainly self-made questionnaire was administered in two staff exercises. Maladaptive group dynamics, stress exposure, lack of situation awareness, and negative stress reactions were the strongest predictors of poor staff performance, while personality had less impact.","PeriodicalId":35160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Slavic Military Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72434277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Today several nations utilise risk based approaches in military planning. However, the discussion on limitations with the approaches in regard to aspects such as uncertainties, the nature of the threat and risk to civilians is limited. The aim of this work is to identify important challenges when applying risk based approaches to military activity. This article discusses risk based approaches in general and their military applications. Five generic quality requirements on risk analysis are presented from research in risk philosophy. Two military application areas for risk analysis: military intelligence, and risk management in legal assessments are analysed in relation to the presented quality requirements on risk analysis. From the analysis it is clear that risk analysis is an integral part of the decision-making analysis and cannot be separated in time, space or organisationally from the decision-making process in general. Defining the scenario to analyse, including the time span, is a central task in risk analysis and will affect every aspect of the risk estimation. Therefore, the principles for scenario definition must be communicated and continuously updated throughout the organisation. Handling the uncertainties throughout the process is also important, especially if the aim is a resilient military system.
{"title":"An Examination of the Implementation of Risk Based Approaches in Military Operations","authors":"Hans Liwång, Maria Ericson, Martin Bang","doi":"10.1515/jms-2016-0189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jms-2016-0189","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Today several nations utilise risk based approaches in military planning. However, the discussion on limitations with the approaches in regard to aspects such as uncertainties, the nature of the threat and risk to civilians is limited. The aim of this work is to identify important challenges when applying risk based approaches to military activity. This article discusses risk based approaches in general and their military applications. Five generic quality requirements on risk analysis are presented from research in risk philosophy. Two military application areas for risk analysis: military intelligence, and risk management in legal assessments are analysed in relation to the presented quality requirements on risk analysis. From the analysis it is clear that risk analysis is an integral part of the decision-making analysis and cannot be separated in time, space or organisationally from the decision-making process in general. Defining the scenario to analyse, including the time span, is a central task in risk analysis and will affect every aspect of the risk estimation. Therefore, the principles for scenario definition must be communicated and continuously updated throughout the organisation. Handling the uncertainties throughout the process is also important, especially if the aim is a resilient military system.","PeriodicalId":35160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Slavic Military Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73844608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The study assessed whether the six special operations principles (simplicity, security, repetition, speed, purpose, and surprise) proposed by Admiral William McRaven could predict the degree of success among Finnish long range patrols during WWII. Eighty-four missions that included deliberate contact with the enemy were considered. Bootstrapped estimates were obtained from a LISREL path model. The result offers partial support for McRaven’s model. Significant direct and indirect effects of security, purpose and surprise were demonstrated. Limitations imposed by available data, as well as the circumstance that other principles were rarely violated, may explain the absence of further significant effects. It is furthermore suggested that the principles can be divided into “decisive” (security, purpose, and surprise) where negligence has immediate detrimental consequences, and “contextual” (simplicity, repetition, and in part, speed) that are largely case-specific and may need further precision to be analytically viable. The cause for the absence of significant effects would according to this interpretation be that the principles, as they are generally defined, fail to identify contextual circumstances that are crucial for success.
{"title":"Special Operations Principles and Finnish Long Range Patrols during WWII","authors":"Ralf Lillbacka","doi":"10.1515/jms-2016-0191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jms-2016-0191","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study assessed whether the six special operations principles (simplicity, security, repetition, speed, purpose, and surprise) proposed by Admiral William McRaven could predict the degree of success among Finnish long range patrols during WWII. Eighty-four missions that included deliberate contact with the enemy were considered. Bootstrapped estimates were obtained from a LISREL path model. The result offers partial support for McRaven’s model. Significant direct and indirect effects of security, purpose and surprise were demonstrated. Limitations imposed by available data, as well as the circumstance that other principles were rarely violated, may explain the absence of further significant effects. It is furthermore suggested that the principles can be divided into “decisive” (security, purpose, and surprise) where negligence has immediate detrimental consequences, and “contextual” (simplicity, repetition, and in part, speed) that are largely case-specific and may need further precision to be analytically viable. The cause for the absence of significant effects would according to this interpretation be that the principles, as they are generally defined, fail to identify contextual circumstances that are crucial for success.","PeriodicalId":35160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Slavic Military Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88471292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Hämäläinen, Jari Sormunen, Jari Rantapelkonen, J. Nikkarila
Abstract Wargames are important methods for military planning, education and research. Qualitative models have a long tradition in wargaming for improving and practising the military skills as well as enhancing the military planning based on the experiences and understanding of the experts. Quantitative models are included in simulations and technical studies. Traditionally, the relations between the qualitative and quantitative research have been described as opposites. We shall consider both the approaches, their challenges and possibilities, and their combination for producing more exhaustive wargame and for answering to the criticism of wargame as a mainly qualitative method. Our main research question is: How to combine quantitative and qualitative approaches and methods to improve quality of results of military wargames? Our main objective is to clarify and illustrate how qualitative and quantitative methods can be combined through the wargame. We shall emphasize the importance of the model selection at the beginning as it limits and guides the form (not the content) of the obtained results. We shall illustrate a combined wargame within different steps and the modelling themes of the game. Our results and findings should be useful for improving and focusing wargames to answer given research questions.
{"title":"Wargame as a combined method of qualitative and quantitative studies","authors":"J. Hämäläinen, Jari Sormunen, Jari Rantapelkonen, J. Nikkarila","doi":"10.1515/jms-2016-0187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jms-2016-0187","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Wargames are important methods for military planning, education and research. Qualitative models have a long tradition in wargaming for improving and practising the military skills as well as enhancing the military planning based on the experiences and understanding of the experts. Quantitative models are included in simulations and technical studies. Traditionally, the relations between the qualitative and quantitative research have been described as opposites. We shall consider both the approaches, their challenges and possibilities, and their combination for producing more exhaustive wargame and for answering to the criticism of wargame as a mainly qualitative method. Our main research question is: How to combine quantitative and qualitative approaches and methods to improve quality of results of military wargames? Our main objective is to clarify and illustrate how qualitative and quantitative methods can be combined through the wargame. We shall emphasize the importance of the model selection at the beginning as it limits and guides the form (not the content) of the obtained results. We shall illustrate a combined wargame within different steps and the modelling themes of the game. Our results and findings should be useful for improving and focusing wargames to answer given research questions.","PeriodicalId":35160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Slavic Military Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80683490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The purpose of this article is to initiate discussion into the role narratives could play in military studies. Narratology is an old and well-established research paradigm that first emerged as part of the linguistic turn. Yet its potential has not been depleted. It is the study of narratives or stories. There are plenty of topics not yet approached from this perspective especially in the field of military studies. The military academia needs to broaden its scope of research and allow for alternative orientations and theories to be used to address traditional dilemmas, create new research paradigms and enrich the variety of analysis. Critical security studies approach shared topics with military studies by embracing the aesthetic turn that differentiates between the representation and the represented. The argument in this article is that to produce comprehensive information on its research topics military studies would benefit from embracing them as people experience them and not focus on their ontology. The article does not offer a methodological toolbox to the reader but rather an introduction to some classics of narratology and offers a few insights how this type of approach could be used in military history, strategy, operational art or even leadership studies.
{"title":"Narrative approach to the art of war and military studies - Narratology as military science research paradigm","authors":"Jan Hanska","doi":"10.1515/jms-2016-0186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jms-2016-0186","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this article is to initiate discussion into the role narratives could play in military studies. Narratology is an old and well-established research paradigm that first emerged as part of the linguistic turn. Yet its potential has not been depleted. It is the study of narratives or stories. There are plenty of topics not yet approached from this perspective especially in the field of military studies. The military academia needs to broaden its scope of research and allow for alternative orientations and theories to be used to address traditional dilemmas, create new research paradigms and enrich the variety of analysis. Critical security studies approach shared topics with military studies by embracing the aesthetic turn that differentiates between the representation and the represented. The argument in this article is that to produce comprehensive information on its research topics military studies would benefit from embracing them as people experience them and not focus on their ontology. The article does not offer a methodological toolbox to the reader but rather an introduction to some classics of narratology and offers a few insights how this type of approach could be used in military history, strategy, operational art or even leadership studies.","PeriodicalId":35160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Slavic Military Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73148852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The first issue in volume 5 is a special issue on research methods in military science. It originates from a seminar in military science research methods, that was arranged in May 2014 by the Department of Tactics and Operational Art of the Finnish National Defence University. The conference organisers, Professor Jari Rantapelkonen and Ph.D. Juhani Hämäläinen, acted as co-editors in making this special issue. As the conference was held in Finland and its call-for-papers wer in Finnish, the participants turned out to be Finnish, too. This also explains that those three papers that were deemed to be of journal quality in the doubleblind review process and can be read from this issue, were all by Finnish authors. The papers are on narratology as a method by Jan Hanska, on wargaming by Hämäläinen, Sormunen, Rantapelkonen and Nikkarila and on focused interviews by Ulla Anttila. This issue is a special contribution to the methodology discussion in the military sciences, although due to multidisciplinary and multi-method nature of military studies, it does by no means cover completely the methodological choices available in the field.
{"title":"On the journal of military studies","authors":"Juha Lehtonen","doi":"10.1515/JMS-2016-0188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/JMS-2016-0188","url":null,"abstract":"The first issue in volume 5 is a special issue on research methods in military science. It originates from a seminar in military science research methods, that was arranged in May 2014 by the Department of Tactics and Operational Art of the Finnish National Defence University. The conference organisers, Professor Jari Rantapelkonen and Ph.D. Juhani Hämäläinen, acted as co-editors in making this special issue. As the conference was held in Finland and its call-for-papers wer in Finnish, the participants turned out to be Finnish, too. This also explains that those three papers that were deemed to be of journal quality in the doubleblind review process and can be read from this issue, were all by Finnish authors. The papers are on narratology as a method by Jan Hanska, on wargaming by Hämäläinen, Sormunen, Rantapelkonen and Nikkarila and on focused interviews by Ulla Anttila. This issue is a special contribution to the methodology discussion in the military sciences, although due to multidisciplinary and multi-method nature of military studies, it does by no means cover completely the methodological choices available in the field.","PeriodicalId":35160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Slavic Military Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89307879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The growing importance of cyberspace to modern society, and its increasing use as an arena for dispute, is becoming a national security concern for governments and armed forces globally. The special characteristics of cyberspace, such as its asymmetric nature, the lack of attribution, the low cost of entry, the legal ambiguity, and its role as an efficient medium for protest, crime, espionage and military aggression, makes it an attractive domain for nation-states as well as non-state actors in cyber conflict. This paper studies the various non-state actors who coexist in cyberspace, examines their motives and incitements, and analyzes how and when their objectives coincide with those of nation-states. Literature suggests that many nations are currently pursuing cyberwarfare capabilities, oftentimes by leveraging criminal organizations and irregular forces. Employment of such non-state actors as hacktivists, patriot hackers, and cybermilitia in state-on-state cyberspace operations has also proved to be a usable model for conducting cyberattacks. The paper concludes that cyberspace is emerging as a new tool for state power that will likely reshape future warfare. However, due to the lack of concrete cyberwarfare experience, and the limited encounters of legitimate cyberattacks, it is hard to precisely assess future effects, risks and potentials.
{"title":"Non-State Actors in Cyberspace Operations","authors":"J. Sigholm","doi":"10.1515/jms-2016-0184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jms-2016-0184","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The growing importance of cyberspace to modern society, and its increasing use as an arena for dispute, is becoming a national security concern for governments and armed forces globally. The special characteristics of cyberspace, such as its asymmetric nature, the lack of attribution, the low cost of entry, the legal ambiguity, and its role as an efficient medium for protest, crime, espionage and military aggression, makes it an attractive domain for nation-states as well as non-state actors in cyber conflict. This paper studies the various non-state actors who coexist in cyberspace, examines their motives and incitements, and analyzes how and when their objectives coincide with those of nation-states. Literature suggests that many nations are currently pursuing cyberwarfare capabilities, oftentimes by leveraging criminal organizations and irregular forces. Employment of such non-state actors as hacktivists, patriot hackers, and cybermilitia in state-on-state cyberspace operations has also proved to be a usable model for conducting cyberattacks. The paper concludes that cyberspace is emerging as a new tool for state power that will likely reshape future warfare. However, due to the lack of concrete cyberwarfare experience, and the limited encounters of legitimate cyberattacks, it is hard to precisely assess future effects, risks and potentials.","PeriodicalId":35160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Slavic Military Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85512717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.1080/13518046.2013.844543
Ryan C. Hendrickson
{"title":"Declaring War: Congress, the President, and What the Constitution Does not Say by Hallett, Brien","authors":"Ryan C. Hendrickson","doi":"10.1080/13518046.2013.844543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13518046.2013.844543","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Slavic Military Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13518046.2013.844543","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59847569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-10-01DOI: 10.1080/13518046.2013.844554
Mark L. Von Hagen
Most of the attention of historians in writing and teaching about World War I, or even the Eastern Front, has focused on the behavior and performance of the great European powers, so we know a lot about Germany, Russia, and Austria-Hungary, probably in descending order, much less about the Ottoman Empire, but even less about the states, armies, and societies of southeastern Europe. Serbia, among the recently independent states, is probably best known among the group, partly because Serbia’s refusal to accede to Austria-Hungary’s ultimatum after the assassination of Franz Ferdinand and his wife in Sarajevo was the immediate cause of the outbreak of the war, and partly because of more recent wars of Yugoslav succession that have created new audiences for the prehistory of the modern conflicts. Romania, by contrast, has suffered relative neglect, so the volume under review is a welcome contribution to understanding how the non-great powers nonetheless were able to exert much more influence on the outcome of events than is generally understood. Romania started the war in an alliance with the Central Powers, which had been renewed as recently as 1912, but declared its neutrality until August 27, 1916, when it switched sides and declared war on AustriaHungary. Despite what turned out to be quite accurate intelligence about the secret negotiations with the Entente and the military buildup, the German High Command refused to believe that Romania’s Hohenzollern King Ferdinand would betray his dynastic and ethnic ties. Like Bulgaria, which also entered the war late but chose to ally with the Central Powers, Romania’s entry into the war was motivated above all by hopes for postwar territorial gains, above all in Transylvania. Also, like Bulgaria, Romania’s independence as a sovereign state was relatively young, dating to 1881, and Bulgaria entered the war against Russia, which had helped ‘liberate’ it from the Turks in 1878. The Romanian chapter is also important in the history of the postwar peace settlement that rewarded Romania with a state twice its prewar size, but also one full of hostile minorities and embittered neighbors in Bulgaria, Hungary, and the Soviet Union, all of whom wrought their revenge on
{"title":"The Romanian Battlefront in World War I by Torrey, Glenn E","authors":"Mark L. Von Hagen","doi":"10.1080/13518046.2013.844554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13518046.2013.844554","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the attention of historians in writing and teaching about World War I, or even the Eastern Front, has focused on the behavior and performance of the great European powers, so we know a lot about Germany, Russia, and Austria-Hungary, probably in descending order, much less about the Ottoman Empire, but even less about the states, armies, and societies of southeastern Europe. Serbia, among the recently independent states, is probably best known among the group, partly because Serbia’s refusal to accede to Austria-Hungary’s ultimatum after the assassination of Franz Ferdinand and his wife in Sarajevo was the immediate cause of the outbreak of the war, and partly because of more recent wars of Yugoslav succession that have created new audiences for the prehistory of the modern conflicts. Romania, by contrast, has suffered relative neglect, so the volume under review is a welcome contribution to understanding how the non-great powers nonetheless were able to exert much more influence on the outcome of events than is generally understood. Romania started the war in an alliance with the Central Powers, which had been renewed as recently as 1912, but declared its neutrality until August 27, 1916, when it switched sides and declared war on AustriaHungary. Despite what turned out to be quite accurate intelligence about the secret negotiations with the Entente and the military buildup, the German High Command refused to believe that Romania’s Hohenzollern King Ferdinand would betray his dynastic and ethnic ties. Like Bulgaria, which also entered the war late but chose to ally with the Central Powers, Romania’s entry into the war was motivated above all by hopes for postwar territorial gains, above all in Transylvania. Also, like Bulgaria, Romania’s independence as a sovereign state was relatively young, dating to 1881, and Bulgaria entered the war against Russia, which had helped ‘liberate’ it from the Turks in 1878. The Romanian chapter is also important in the history of the postwar peace settlement that rewarded Romania with a state twice its prewar size, but also one full of hostile minorities and embittered neighbors in Bulgaria, Hungary, and the Soviet Union, all of whom wrought their revenge on","PeriodicalId":35160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Slavic Military Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13518046.2013.844554","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59847580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This analysis will assess the effects of the American way of Remote Air Warfare on the decision to wage war and the factors affecting the tactical conduct of war. This will be accomplished by determining how the Remote Air Warfare operational template influences the decision making process at the strategic level, by analyzing the political willingness to wage war, and at the tactical level, by assessing how the distance from the battlefield impacts warfighter’s proneness to use lethal force. This operational template translates the double moral implications of the increasing distance and removal of human risk from the duel. On the other hand, exposes a political maneuver’s expansion of freedom, increasing the propensity to wage war and changing the relationship between state and society. The research was guided by an inductive methodology of prospective nature, which analyses the past to inform present decisions, aiding to formulate future strategic actions. Thus, performing a critical analysis of the ideas underlying the employment of airpower, within an operational template of Remote Air Warfare, will facilitate the development of a comprehensive knowledge about its effects and a more effective adaptation to future war.
{"title":"The American Way of Remote Air Warfare","authors":"J. Vicente","doi":"10.1515/jms-2016-0185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/jms-2016-0185","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This analysis will assess the effects of the American way of Remote Air Warfare on the decision to wage war and the factors affecting the tactical conduct of war. This will be accomplished by determining how the Remote Air Warfare operational template influences the decision making process at the strategic level, by analyzing the political willingness to wage war, and at the tactical level, by assessing how the distance from the battlefield impacts warfighter’s proneness to use lethal force. This operational template translates the double moral implications of the increasing distance and removal of human risk from the duel. On the other hand, exposes a political maneuver’s expansion of freedom, increasing the propensity to wage war and changing the relationship between state and society. The research was guided by an inductive methodology of prospective nature, which analyses the past to inform present decisions, aiding to formulate future strategic actions. Thus, performing a critical analysis of the ideas underlying the employment of airpower, within an operational template of Remote Air Warfare, will facilitate the development of a comprehensive knowledge about its effects and a more effective adaptation to future war.","PeriodicalId":35160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Slavic Military Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78184672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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