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Land Change in Tirthan Valley: The Case of Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area 提尔坦山谷的土地变化:以喜马拉雅国家公园保护区为例
Q4 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2023-09-02 DOI: 10.31901/24566608.2023/83.1-3.3355
Mohammad Irfan
Humans are dominant agent of landscape change. Off lately, anthropogenic induced changes have visibly degraded environment around the world putting a serious question over the sustainability of both natural and man-made ecosystems. The sustainability of the ecosystems has found to be directly linked to changes in LULC. The present study aims to analyse long-term land use change in the Tirthan Valley of Himachal Pradesh; the region is a part of protected area collectively known as GHNPCA. With the help of multi-temporal satellite images of LANDSAT, this study reconstructs the trajectory of land changes over a period of five decades. The data shows an increase in forest cover (7.29%), rocky/barren land (45.35%), agriculture/horticulture land (28.94%) and settlement/ built-up (190.48%) while decrease in pasture/open land (29.97%), snow cover (56.14%) and river/water body (54.52%). The results have shown significant land changes in post protected area status.
人类是景观变化的主要推动者。最近,人为引发的变化明显恶化了世界各地的环境,这对自然和人造生态系统的可持续性提出了严重的问题。生态系统的可持续性已被发现与LULC的变化直接相关。本研究旨在分析喜马偕尔邦提尔坦山谷的长期土地利用变化;该地区是保护区的一部分,统称为GHNPCA。借助LANDSAT的多时相卫星图像,本研究重建了50年来陆地变化的轨迹。数据显示,森林覆盖率(7.29%)、岩石/荒地(45.35%)、农业/园艺用地(28.94%)和定居/建成区(190.48%)增加,而牧场/开阔地(29.97%)、积雪覆盖率(56.14%)和河流/水体(54.52%)减少。结果显示,保护区后的土地状况发生了显著变化。
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引用次数: 0
Perceptions of Smallholder Farmers on Climate Change in the uMkhanyakude District of KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa 南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省uMkhanyakude地区小农对气候变化的看法
Q4 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2022-10-03 DOI: 10.31901/24566608.2022/80.1-3.3335
M. Maziya
This study assesses smallholder farmers’ perceptions on climate change using a sample of 400 farmers in the uMkhanyakude district of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Using descriptive statistics, farmers perceived that rainfall had decreased during the study period while temperatures had increased. Principal component analysis (PCA) further revealed that farmers’ perceptions could be grouped into: a) natural disasters; b) institutional support; c) decrease in crop yields and loss of assets; d) changes in temperature and rainfall and e) extension on climate change and poor livestock production. In light of these findings, the study recommends that agricultural support for groupings of farmer’s perceptions be provided to help farmers cope with the negative effects of climate change.
这项研究利用南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省uMkhanyakude地区400名农民的样本,评估了小农对气候变化的看法。使用描述性统计,农民认为在研究期间降雨量减少,而温度升高。主成分分析(PCA)进一步揭示了农民的认知可分为:a)自然灾害;B)机构支持;C)作物产量下降和资产损失;D)温度和降雨的变化和e)气候变化和牲畜生产不良的延伸。鉴于这些发现,该研究建议为农民的看法分组提供农业支持,以帮助农民应对气候变化的负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
A Cross-sectional Study on the Prevalence of Obesity in Three Endogamous Populations of Andhra Pradesh 安得拉邦三个内婚人群肥胖患病率的横断面研究
Q4 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2022-09-15 DOI: 10.31901/24566608.2022/80.1-3.3344
P. Venkatramana
To investigate and compare the prevalence of different types of obesity, the researchers recruited the Reddy, Golla, and Madiga caste populations of Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh. Three hundred participants were included from each caste in this cross-sectional study. The researchers found a significantly higher prevalence of obesity (general, abdominal, and combined obesity) in women than in men (p<0.05). Golla showed a significantly higher prevalence of overweight than the Reddy population (p<0.01). Both Reddy and Golla caste populations showed significantly higher percentages of general, abdominal, combined, and isolated abdominal obesity than the Madiga caste population (p<0.01). Reddy showed higher odds of developing general, combined, and isolated general obesity than Golla whereas Golla had higher odds of developing abdominal and isolated abdominal obesity and overweight than the Reddy population (p<0.01). Predictors of different measures of obesity were found to vary in caste populations.
为了调查和比较不同类型肥胖的流行程度,研究人员招募了安得拉邦Chittoor地区的Reddy、Golla和Madiga种姓人群。在这项横断面研究中,来自每个种姓的300名参与者。研究人员发现,女性肥胖(一般肥胖、腹部肥胖和合并肥胖)的患病率明显高于男性(p<0.05)。戈拉族的超重率显著高于雷迪族(p<0.01)。Reddy和Golla种姓人群的一般、腹部、合并和孤立腹部肥胖比例均显著高于Madiga种姓人群(p<0.01)。Reddy人群发生全身性、合并性和单纯性肥胖的几率高于Golla人群,而Golla人群发生腹部、单纯性肥胖和超重的几率高于Reddy人群(p<0.01)。研究发现,不同肥胖指标的预测因子在不同种姓人群中存在差异。
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引用次数: 0
Parent Perception on Government Rural School Functioning AtUpper Primary Level during the COVID-19 Pandemic 新冠肺炎大流行期间家长对政府农村学校在小学高年级运作的看法
Q4 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.31901/24566608.2022/80.1-3.3349
P. Ponnusamy
The school’s academic atmosphere reflects its physical and psychological features that are more dynamic in nature and that generate the necessary preconditions for teaching and learning. Students, teachers, nonteaching staff, parents, and other community members can all contribute to improving a school’s academic culture by expressing their ideas and opinions about it.The study’s key goal is to find out how parents feel about function of government rural schools at the upper primary level using survey method of research. The Parent Perception Scale on School Functioning was administered to 140 randomly selected rural parents,whose children were pursuing studies at rural upper primary schools, in the Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu, India, to obtain the necessary data. The study’s main finding shows that majority of parent opined that the functional status of government rural upper primary schools was at moderate level.
学校的学术氛围反映了学校的生理和心理特征,这些特征在本质上更具动态性,并为教与学创造了必要的先决条件。学生、教师、非教学人员、家长和其他社区成员都可以通过表达他们的想法和意见来为改善学校的学术文化做出贡献。本研究的主要目的是采用调查研究的方法,了解家长对公立农村小学高年级学校功能的看法。在印度泰米尔纳德邦Dindigul地区,对140名随机选择的农村家长实施了家长对学校功能的感知量表,以获得必要的数据,这些家长的孩子正在农村小学高年级学习。本研究的主要发现是,大多数家长认为官办农村小学的功能状况处于中等水平。
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引用次数: 0
Perceptions of Teachers and Learners towards the Effects of Absenteeism on Learner Academic Performance in Selected Rural Secondary Schools in Eastern Cape, South Africa 南非东开普省部分农村中学教师和学习者对旷课对学习成绩影响的认知
Q4 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.31901/24566608.2022/78.1-3.3338
Msindwana Phumla Nomatolo
This paper investigates the views of teachers and learners on how teacher and learner absenteeism affects the academic performance of learners in rural secondary schools in the Eastern Cape. The researchers were prompted by observation that it is not uncommon for teachers and learners to be absent from school. Authors argue that teacher and learner absenteeism can have a negative effect on the academic performance of learners. A qualitative research approach with a case study research design was used. Face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Interviews were guided through an interview schedule. 16 participants from four schools were conveniently selected. The following participants were purposefully selected and interviewed per school, that is, principal, a head of department, a post level 1 teacher and a learner per school. The main findings revealed that there are no effective strategies to curb teacher and learner absenteeism. To regulate learner absenteeism, the South African Schools Act should be clearer on the responsibilities of learners regarding their absence from school.
本文调查了东开普省农村中学教师和学生对教师和学生缺勤如何影响学生学习成绩的看法。研究人员发现,教师和学生缺课并不罕见。作者认为,教师和学习者的缺勤会对学习者的学习成绩产生负面影响。采用了案例研究设计的定性研究方法。采用面对面的半结构化访谈来收集数据。面试是按照面试时间表进行的。来自四所学校的16名参与者被方便地选中。以下参与者是有目的地按学校选择和面试的,即每所学校的校长、系主任、一级教师和一名学习者。主要研究结果表明,没有有效的策略来遏制教师和学习者的旷课现象。为了规范学生旷课,《南非学校法》应更明确地规定学生在旷课方面的责任。
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引用次数: 0
Significance of Non-Timber Forest Produces with a Special Reference to Banana Plant in the Animistic Religious Practices: A Micro Study on the Karbis in Karbi Anglong, Assam 非木材森林生产的意义——特别是香蕉植物在Animistic宗教实践中的意义——阿萨姆邦Karbi Anglong Karbis的微观研究
Q4 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.31901/24566608.2022/79.1-3.3343
Somenath Bhattacharjee
Every culture irrespective of its simplicity and complexity has its own concept of religious belief and practices. The Karbis are the early settlers of Karbi Anglong district, Assam. Most of them are animistic regarding their religious belief and practices in daily livelihood. The present study examined the use of minor forest products in religious practices of the Karbis. It discussed the significance of NTFPs, with a special reference to the banana plant, as used in a number of their rituals. The data were collected through empirical fieldwork by applying appropriate anthropological research methods. It has been found that different forest resources are immensely important in the cultural and religious practices of the studied people. In this regard, different NTFPs and banana plants are inseparable in such rituals and cultural traditions.
每一种文化,无论其简单与复杂,都有自己的宗教信仰和实践概念。Karbis是阿萨姆邦Karbi Anglong地区的早期定居者。他们中的大多数人对自己的宗教信仰和日常生活实践持万物有灵论。本研究调查了卡尔比斯人在宗教活动中使用少量森林产品的情况。它讨论了NTFP的意义,特别提到了香蕉植物,在他们的一些仪式中使用。这些数据是通过应用适当的人类学研究方法进行实证实地调查收集的。研究发现,不同的森林资源在被研究者的文化和宗教实践中非常重要。在这方面,不同的NTFP和香蕉植物在这些仪式和文化传统中是不可分割的。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Housing Location on Older Persons’ Perceptions of Safety, Privacy and Psychosocial Wellbeing in Alexander, North of Johannesburg 约翰内斯堡北部亚历山大市住房位置对老年人安全、隐私和心理社会幸福感的影响
Q4 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.31901/24566608.2022/78.1-3.3339
Mziwandile Sobantu
In their old age, senior citizens require adequate housing that promotes their wellbeing, and this study seeks to examine the impact of housing location on older adults’ safety, security and psychosocial wellbeing. This qualitative study utilised semi-structured interviews to collect data from nine older persons residing in Alexander, North of Johannesburg in South Africa. Data were transcribed and analysed based on emergent themes. Among other factors, the study found out that housing quality and the level of crime in their neighbourhood determine the wellbeing of older persons. While participants who lived with their grandchildren felt safer, some expressed a lower sense of privacy due to overcrowding. One participant who lived alone but in formal housing expressed a higher sense of safety and security. As most older persons were direct victims of colonial and apartheid exclusion, thoughtful integrated social policies are imperative in leveraging their housing needs and overall wellbeing.
在老年,老年人需要足够的住房来促进他们的福祉,本研究旨在研究住房位置对老年人的安全、保障和心理社会健康的影响。本定性研究采用半结构化访谈,收集了居住在南非约翰内斯堡北部亚历山大的9名老年人的数据。根据突发主题对数据进行转录和分析。除其他因素外,该研究还发现,住房质量和社区犯罪水平决定了老年人的福祉。虽然与孙辈一起生活的参与者感到更安全,但由于过度拥挤,一些人表示隐私感较低。一名独居但住在正式住房的参与者表达了更高的安全感。由于大多数老年人是殖民主义和种族隔离排斥的直接受害者,在利用他们的住房需求和整体福利方面,必须采取深思熟虑的综合社会政策。
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引用次数: 0
Motivation Reinforcement Strategies to Improve Teachers’ Performance in High Schools: A Perspective of Amathole East District of South African 提高高中教师绩效的动机强化策略——以南非东区业余学校为例
Q4 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.31901/24566608.2022/79.1-3.3341
Godfrey Mutesasira
Teacher job-related stress, high turnover, poor educational quality, and a lack of interest in work have all resulted from the rising prevalence of low teacher motivation for work. The goal of this research is to look at incentive reinforcement tactics for teachers to increase their performance. This study took a qualitative approach and used a case study research methodology. Focus group and one-on-one interviews were used to collect data from participants, while purposive and convenient sampling techniques were employed to select ten participants. These entailed eight teachers from two schools and two district education officials. Data were analysed through thematic and comparative analyses. Many strategies to improve motivation and teacher performance emerged from data, were analysed, and presented. The study recommended school leaders to address factors leading to demotivation of teachers. A further recommendation was making use of content knowledge and professional development to deal with teacher content gap.
教师工作压力大、人员流动率高、教育质量差以及对工作缺乏兴趣,这些都是教师工作积极性低的普遍性造成的。本研究的目的是探讨教师提高绩效的激励强化策略。本研究采用了定性方法,并采用了案例研究的方法。焦点小组和一对一访谈用于收集参与者的数据,而有目的和方便的抽样技术用于选择10名参与者。其中包括来自两所学校的八名教师和两名地区教育官员。通过专题分析和比较分析对数据进行了分析。从数据中得出了许多提高动机和教师表现的策略,并对其进行了分析和提出。该研究建议学校领导解决导致教师士气低落的因素。另一项建议是利用内容知识和专业发展来解决教师的内容差距。
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引用次数: 0
A Review Study of the Concept of Mental Health 心理健康概念研究述评
Q4 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.31901/24566608.2022/79.1-3.3340
J. John-Langba
ABSTRACT Mental health as a concept is used widely without attempts to specify its idiosyncratic meaning. The objective of the review was to systematically examine existing research to answer the question: What is mental health? The data and method included academic databases, websites, and archives. A search was conducted for strings describing “mental health OR “mental illness” OR “mental disorder” OR “psychosocial wellbeing” OR “psychosocial functioning” and the resulting literature reviewed for the definition, description or explanation of the concept mental health. The review found that the definition of mental health in the relevant literature varies from theoretical prescriptions to descriptive and simple phrases that viewed mental health through the lens of the medical and psychosocial models of health and disease. The lack of consensus on the definition of mental health in the extant literature, makes understanding the concept of mental health very challenging. Recommendations for a standardised definition of mental health that would inform policy and legislation are proposed.
摘要心理健康作为一个概念被广泛使用,却没有试图具体说明其特殊含义。该综述的目的是系统地检查现有的研究,以回答以下问题:什么是心理健康?数据和方法包括学术数据库、网站和档案。搜索描述“心理健康”、“精神疾病”、“心理障碍”、“社会心理健康”或“心理社会功能”的字符串,并对由此产生的文献进行审查,以确定心理健康概念的定义、描述或解释。审查发现,相关文献中对心理健康的定义各不相同,从理论处方到从健康和疾病的医学和心理社会模型视角看待心理健康的描述性和简单短语。现存文献中对心理健康的定义缺乏共识,这使得理解心理健康的概念非常具有挑战性。建议对心理健康进行标准化定义,为政策和立法提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
Rural Transformation and the Changing Ecology of Tribal Domain: A Study among the Tribes in Assam, India 乡村转型与部落域生态变迁:以印度阿萨姆邦部落为例
Q4 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2022-06-15 DOI: 10.31901/24566608.2022/79.1-3.3342
C. Sonowal
Rural transformation (RT) has been a relatively new approach to rural development. It talks about the multidimensional development of the rural population in the desired direction. Being a welfare state, the Government of India has strategised the transformation of rural societies as a new development strategy. However, studies reveal that tribal societies exhibit reluctance and incompetency in accepting and coping with the change process. Pieces of evidence also reveal that the development projects and industrialisation, in most cases, do not result in the desired change in tribal societies. The paper examines the positive and negative impact of the Petrochemical Complex on the tribal people in the Dibrugarh district of Assam, India. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observation among the project affected tribes. The findings indicate that the tribal people have not benefited as expected from industrialisation. Rather, many have lost their means of survival, and substantial aspects of their traditional culture have been affected. No planned effort is visible toward rural transformation in the study area.
农村转型是一种相对较新的农村发展方式。论述了农村人口在理想方向上的多维度发展。作为一个福利国家,印度政府将农村社会转型作为一项新的发展战略。然而,研究表明,部落社会在接受和应对变化过程中表现出不情愿和无能。一些证据也表明,在大多数情况下,发展项目和工业化并没有给部落社会带来预期的变化。本文考察了石油化工综合体对印度阿萨姆邦迪布鲁格尔地区部落人民的积极和消极影响。通过对受项目影响的部落进行深入访谈和观察来收集数据。研究结果表明,部落居民并没有像预期的那样从工业化中受益。相反,许多人失去了生存手段,他们的传统文化的许多方面受到了影响。在研究区域,没有计划的努力可以看到农村转型。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Human Ecology
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