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“Out, Damned Spot”: The art and science of forensic restoration “出局,该死的斑点”:法医修复的艺术和科学
Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.1042/bio_2023_141
Jennifer DeBruyn
Forensic restoration focuses on remediation of indoor environments that are contaminated with potentially hazardous biological materials. Some of the more challenging cases are those where someone has died alone and remained undiscovered for some time. Decomposition begins almost immediately after death: blood stops circulating and starts to pool and coagulate, and cells undergo autolysis. Our commensal microbes, critical to health during life, turn against us after death and start consuming us from within. Anaerobic microbial processes produce odorous volatile organic compounds and fluids that seep into the floor. Insects can oviposit in the body, resulting in masses of larvae feeding on the body. When ready to pupate, larvae leave, acting as vectors which can spread contamination around the site. Remediating a home where an unattended death has occurred involves removal of fluid-soaked items and a load reduction to remove soil, followed by a thorough cleaning to remove organic materials and prepare surfaces for disinfection, all while keeping operators safe from potential infectious agents. It’s certainly not a job for everyone, but one couple is trying to bring a higher level of science-based practices and training to the industry.
法医修复侧重于修复被潜在危险生物材料污染的室内环境。一些更具挑战性的案例是那些某人独自死亡并在一段时间内未被发现的案例。人死后几乎立即开始分解:血液停止循环,开始聚集和凝固,细胞进行自溶。我们一生中对健康至关重要的共生微生物,在我们死后转而反对我们,开始从内部消耗我们。厌氧微生物过程产生有气味的挥发性有机化合物和渗透到地板上的液体。昆虫可以在体内产卵,导致大量的幼虫以身体为食。当幼虫准备化蛹时,它们就会离开,成为传播污染的媒介。对发生无人看管死亡的家庭进行补救包括清除液体浸泡的物品和减少负荷以去除土壤,然后进行彻底清洁以去除有机物质并准备表面进行消毒,同时确保操作人员免受潜在传染性病原体的侵害。当然,这不是每个人都适合的工作,但有一对夫妇正试图为这个行业带来更高水平的科学实践和培训。
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引用次数: 0
A beginner’s guide to supervising a PhD researcher 指导博士研究人员的初学者指南
Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1042/bio_2023_140
Kay Guccione, Rhoda Stefanatos
This beginner’s guide to supervision has been created for anyone who supports postgraduate researchers (PGRs) with any aspect of their research or the completion of their degree. The supervision of PGRs is a complex and time-consuming job, with a high degree of responsibility. Good supervision is a key component of PGR success and is vital to the health of our research as a nation as well as the health of our individual researchers. In the recent research literature, supervision has been shown to impact on PhD completion time, retention of students, their success, their perceptions of the value of the PhD, their mental health and well-being and their career choice. In acknowledgement, the UKRI statement of Expectations for Postgraduate Training states that “Research Organisations are expected to provide excellent standards of supervision, management and mentoring…” and the UK’s Quality Assurance Agency states that therefore “Supervisors should be provided with sufficient time, support and opportunities to develop and maintain their supervisory practice”. Noting that “supervisors represent the most important external influence in the learning and development that occurs in students’ training” the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology’s Committee on Education details interpersonal responsibilities of the supervisor that cover the need to work as partners, see the student as a whole person, be aware of power imbalance and develop strategies for the resolution of relationship difficulties, as well as giving academic and career support.
这个初学者的监督指南是为任何支持研究生研究人员(pgr)的研究或完成学位的人创建的。pgr的监督是一项复杂而耗时的工作,具有高度的责任感。良好的监督是PGR成功的关键组成部分,对我们的研究作为一个国家的健康以及我们的研究人员个人的健康至关重要。在最近的研究文献中,监督已被证明会影响博士学位的完成时间,学生的保留,他们的成功,他们对博士学位价值的看法,他们的心理健康和福祉以及他们的职业选择。作为回应,UKRI对研究生培训的期望声明指出“研究机构应该提供卓越的监督、管理和指导标准……”,英国质量保证局也因此声明“应该为主管提供足够的时间、支持和机会来发展和维持他们的监督实践”。国际生物化学和分子生物学联合会教育委员会注意到“导师代表了学生训练中学习和发展中最重要的外部影响”,详细说明了导师的人际责任,包括需要作为合作伙伴工作,将学生视为一个完整的人,意识到权力不平衡并制定解决关系困难的策略。以及给予学术和职业支持。
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引用次数: 0
Death and decomposition 死亡和分解
Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1042/bio_2023_148
Heather Doran
October is the month many cultures reflect on death and the afterlife. As we enter autumn in the northern hemisphere and the nights get longer, we see the emergence of fungi that feed on decaying material in woods and forests. This October issue has feature articles dedicated to some of the physical changes that happen to our bodies after we die. This issue may not be for everyone, but it is an important area of study and research. It isn’t a celebrated topic of conversation, but I have encouraged people for many years to talk more about it – to discuss what you wish to happen with friends and family so if they need to make decisions when you die, they know what your wishes are. This is a darker topic than usual for The Biochemist but there’re still lots of fascinating science to uncover, from the organisms that colonize flesh to the biochemistry of the changes that take place to break biological material down.If this does sound too intense, then we also have our usual news and informative articles from across biochemistry and this issue includes an interview with the Colworth medal winner Dr Thi Hoang Duong (Kelly) Nguyen. Donated in 1963 by Unilever Research Colworth Laboratory, the award is made to an early career scientist who is within 10 years of receiving their highest qualification.We also have a very handy ‘Beginners Guide’ to supervising your first PhD student and some top tips for inclusive and engaging teaching! Behind the scenes, I have been involved in judging the Science Communication Awards for The Biochemical Society, which are always an absolute pleasure to be involved with. The entries are entertaining, informative and often unexpected! I can’t wait until the winners are revealed.As always, please do get in touch with us at The Biochemist. We accept submissions on a number of different article types, and you can see all of our upcoming themes that we have planned through the website.
十月是许多文化反思死亡和来世的月份。当我们进入北半球的秋天,夜晚变长,我们看到以树木和森林中的腐烂物质为食的真菌出现了。这期10月号的专题文章专门介绍了我们死后身体发生的一些生理变化。这个问题可能不适合每个人,但它是一个重要的学习和研究领域。这不是一个著名的话题,但多年来我一直鼓励人们多谈论这个话题——与朋友和家人讨论你希望发生什么,这样如果他们在你死后需要做决定,他们就会知道你的愿望是什么。对于《生物化学家》来说,这是一个比以往更黑暗的话题,但仍有许多迷人的科学有待发现,从寄生在肉体上的有机体到生物物质分解过程中发生的变化的生物化学。如果这听起来太紧张了,那么我们也有来自生物化学领域的常规新闻和翔实的文章,本期包括对科尔沃斯奖章获得者阮氏黄雄(Kelly)博士的采访。该奖项于1963年由联合利华研究科尔沃斯实验室捐赠,颁发给在10年内获得最高资格的早期职业科学家。我们还有一个非常方便的“初学者指南”来指导你的第一个博士生,以及一些包容和吸引人的教学技巧!在幕后,我参与了美国生化学会科学传播奖的评审工作,参与其中总是一件非常愉快的事情。参赛作品是有趣的,信息丰富的,往往是意想不到的!我都等不及要看获奖名单了。一如既往,请通过The Biochemist与我们联系。我们接受许多不同文章类型的提交,您可以通过网站看到我们计划的所有即将到来的主题。
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引用次数: 0
Empowering students with hearing impairment to pursue science careers in Kaduna State, Nigeria 在尼日利亚卡杜纳州,帮助有听力障碍的学生追求科学事业
Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1042/bio_2023_124
Elijah Sunom Umaru, Abdulmajid Ibrahim, Naomi Thomas
The Pharmafluence Education Advancement Network (PEAN) organized a science career outreach program at a special education school in Nigeria, inspiring over 110 hearing-impaired students to pursue science careers. The students participated in hands-on activities, received informative booklets and expressed concerns about educational and employment inequalities. PEAN aims to break barriers, promote inclusivity and empower students with disabilities. This initiative highlights the transformative power of education and the importance of equal opportunities for all individuals.
药物影响教育促进网络(PEAN)在尼日利亚的一所特殊教育学校组织了一个科学职业拓展项目,激励110多名听障学生从事科学职业。学生们参加了实践活动,收到了内容丰富的小册子,并表达了对教育和就业不平等的关注。PEAN旨在打破障碍,促进包容性,并赋予残疾学生权力。这一倡议突出了教育的变革力量和所有人机会平等的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Do you know what happens to you after you die? 你知道你死后会发生什么吗?
Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.1042/bio_2023_135
Gail S. Anderson
When we die, we will decompose and we may be colonized by carrion insects. These insects recycle our bodies back to the earth but, as insects develop at a predictable rate and colonize in a predictable sequence, they can be used to indicate the minimum elapsed time since death, which is extremely important in a homicide investigation. Insects are often the first witnesses to a crime. Knowing the time of death can make or break an alibi and help identify an unknown victim. Carrion insects can also indicate whether the body has been moved or disturbed, has suffered wounds or has been poisoned, and can even be used to identify a victim when no body is found. In living victims, insects may cleanse necrotic wounds and can be used to estimate how long an abused or neglected person or pet has suffered.
当我们死后,我们会腐烂,我们可能会被腐肉昆虫殖民。这些昆虫将我们的尸体回收到地球上,但是,由于昆虫以可预测的速度发育,并按可预测的顺序定居,它们可以用来指示死亡后的最短时间,这在谋杀案调查中是极其重要的。昆虫往往是犯罪的第一个证人。知道死亡时间可以建立或破坏不在场证明,并有助于识别未知的受害者。腐尸昆虫还可以表明尸体是否被移动过或被打扰过,是否受过伤或中毒,甚至可以在没有发现尸体的情况下用来识别受害者。在活着的受害者身上,昆虫可以清洗坏死的伤口,并可以用来估计被虐待或被忽视的人或宠物遭受了多长时间的痛苦。
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引用次数: 0
Sixty years of the Colworth Medal 科尔沃斯勋章60周年纪念
Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1042/bio_2023_145
Lucy Ollett
The Colworth Medal is an esteemed annual award for outstanding research by a young biochemist of any nationality who has carried out the majority of their work in the UK or Republic of Ireland. Donated in 1963 by Unilever Research Colworth Laboratory, the award is made to an early career scientist who is within 10 years of receiving their highest qualification. Interviews with past winners from 1963 to 2013 were previously published throughout 2013. To celebrate the 60th anniversary of the Colworth Medal, interviews with our latest winners have been included in The Biochemist throughout 2023. In this final issue, we will hear from Dr Melina Schuh (2019), Dr Tanmay Bharat (2022) and Professor Stephen Wallace (2023).
科尔沃斯奖章是一项受人尊敬的年度奖项,旨在表彰任何国籍的年轻生物化学家在英国或爱尔兰共和国开展的大部分工作。该奖项于1963年由联合利华研究科尔沃斯实验室捐赠,颁发给在10年内获得最高资格的早期职业科学家。对1963年至2013年往届获奖者的采访此前已在2013年全年发表。为了庆祝科尔沃斯奖章成立60周年,对最新获奖者的采访将在整个2023年被列入《生物化学家》杂志。在最后一期中,我们将听到Melina Schuh博士(2019),Tanmay Bharat博士(2022)和Stephen Wallace教授(2023)的演讲。
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引用次数: 0
The future of lectures: ten top tips for engaging and inclusive teaching 讲座的未来:引人入胜和包容性教学的十大建议
Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1042/bio_2023_144
Emma Yhnell, Nigel J. Francis
Dr Emma Yhnell of Cardiff University is the inaugural winner of the 2024 Teaching Excellence Award – Early Career, recognizing individual excellence, commitment to continuing professional development, commitment to students and colleagues, and sustained and continued impact. Emma advocates championing excellence in teaching and learning and demonstrating that academics can be engaging, creative and enthusing whilst still maintaining academic credibility. Emma wants to use winning this prestigious award to encourage others to be braver and bolder in their teaching and to try out teaching innovations. Whether incorporating a prop, trying some interactive polling or even playing some music, she actively encourages other educators to ‘give it a go’, as it will benefit learners and help you develop as an educator too.
卡迪夫大学的Emma Yhnell博士是2024年教学卓越奖的首届获奖者-早期职业生涯,表彰个人卓越,持续专业发展的承诺,对学生和同事的承诺,以及持续和持续的影响。艾玛倡导倡导卓越的教学和学习,并证明学者可以参与,创造性和热情,同时仍然保持学术信誉。艾玛希望通过赢得这个著名的奖项来鼓励其他人在他们的教学中更加勇敢和大胆,并尝试教学创新。无论是结合道具,尝试一些互动投票,甚至是播放一些音乐,她都积极鼓励其他教育工作者“试一试”,因为这将有利于学习者,也有助于你成为一名教育工作者。
{"title":"The future of lectures: ten top tips for engaging and inclusive teaching","authors":"Emma Yhnell, Nigel J. Francis","doi":"10.1042/bio_2023_144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1042/bio_2023_144","url":null,"abstract":"Dr Emma Yhnell of Cardiff University is the inaugural winner of the 2024 Teaching Excellence Award – Early Career, recognizing individual excellence, commitment to continuing professional development, commitment to students and colleagues, and sustained and continued impact. Emma advocates championing excellence in teaching and learning and demonstrating that academics can be engaging, creative and enthusing whilst still maintaining academic credibility. Emma wants to use winning this prestigious award to encourage others to be braver and bolder in their teaching and to try out teaching innovations. Whether incorporating a prop, trying some interactive polling or even playing some music, she actively encourages other educators to ‘give it a go’, as it will benefit learners and help you develop as an educator too.","PeriodicalId":35334,"journal":{"name":"Biochemist","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136208826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Biochemical Society support in action: experiences from our community 生化学会在行动中的支持:来自我们社区的经验
Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.1042/bio_2023_143
Lucy Ollett
Throughout the year, the Biochemical Society offers a programme of grants for all career stages supporting research, attendance at scientific conferences and the sponsorship of events. So far in 2023, we have awarded over £262,000 towards international conference participation, summer laboratory placements and the organization of independent lectures and diversity-related projects. In this article, we are delighted to share a few insights from our community that highlight the variety of projects and opportunities made possible by our funding. For more information about our funding opportunities and the application process, please visit our website.
全年,生化学会为所有职业阶段提供资助方案,支持研究、参加科学会议和赞助活动。到目前为止,在2023年,我们已经为国际会议参与、夏季实验室实习、独立讲座和多样性相关项目的组织提供了超过262,000英镑的奖励。在这篇文章中,我们很高兴分享一些来自我们社区的见解,这些见解突出了我们资助的各种项目和机会。有关我们的资助机会和申请流程的更多信息,请访问我们的网站。
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引用次数: 0
Unboxing the treasure chest: tinkering proteins beyond the natural repertoire 打开宝箱:修补超出自然功能的蛋白质
Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-09-21 DOI: 10.1042/bio_2023_122
Cosimo Jann, Edward A. Lemke
Proteins are the molecular machineries of life, and engineering them in order to probe and tailor biological function has long remained pure imagination. Cracking the genetic code, the blueprint of proteins, gave the spark to turn precise protein engineering into reality, and even to explore new designer genetic codes. Organisms in all kingdoms of life evolved a highly similar genetic code, which defines how genetic information is translated into proteins. Only a small set of 20 so-called canonical amino acids are used by ribosomes to build proteins. Is the genetic code in this form key to all lives, no matter where in the universe it evolved? Already on Earth we find two powerful exceptions. Selenocysteine represents the 21st canonical amino acid and can even be found in some human proteins. Pyrrolysine is termed the 22nd proteogenic amino acid and has been identified, e.g., in archaeal organisms that grow in anaerobic environments, such as the sludge of a lake or the paunch of a cow. So if one could expand the genetic code even further, proteins could be generated consisting partially or even entirely of artificial amino acid polymers, giving rise to a large diversity of novel natural and unnatural functions. In fact, this future is already present, with genetic code expansion representing a powerful technique which allows to equip proteins with hundreds of non-canonical amino acids, including ones that do not exist in nature. This opens a treasure chest of entirely new protein structures and functionalities. Despite the great potential for biotechnology and medicine, installing a new genetic code, especially in human cells, still bears major challenges. Our laboratory, among others, strives to develop new strategies to expand the genetic code inside of living cells and, at the same time, maintain their native genetic code. Come and join us for this brief journey through the milestones of protein engineering, up to the latest breakthroughs in encoding non-natural chemical properties, and you may get as excited as we are about where protein engineering is heading in the upcoming years.
蛋白质是生命的分子机器,设计它们来探测和调整生物功能一直是纯粹的想象。破解基因密码,也就是蛋白质的蓝图,激发了将精确的蛋白质工程变为现实,甚至探索新的设计基因密码的火花。所有生命体都进化出了高度相似的遗传密码,它定义了遗传信息如何转化为蛋白质。核糖体只使用20种所谓的标准氨基酸中的一小部分来构建蛋白质。这种形式的遗传密码是所有生命的关键吗,不管它是从宇宙的哪个地方进化而来的?在地球上,我们已经发现了两个强有力的例外。硒代半胱氨酸是第21种典型氨基酸,甚至可以在一些人类蛋白质中找到。吡咯赖氨酸被称为第22种蛋白质原氨基酸,已经在厌氧环境中生长的古细菌有机体中被发现,例如湖泊的污泥或牛的肚子。因此,如果可以进一步扩展遗传密码,就可以产生部分甚至全部由人工氨基酸聚合物组成的蛋白质,从而产生大量新颖的自然和非自然功能。事实上,这种未来已经出现了,基因密码扩展代表了一种强大的技术,它可以为蛋白质配备数百种非规范氨基酸,包括自然界中不存在的氨基酸。这打开了一个全新蛋白质结构和功能的宝库。尽管生物技术和医学具有巨大的潜力,但在人类细胞中安装新的遗传密码仍然面临着重大挑战。我们的实验室,除其他外,努力开发新的策略,以扩大活细胞内的遗传密码,同时保持其原有的遗传密码。快来加入我们的简短旅程,通过蛋白质工程的里程碑,直到编码非天然化学性质的最新突破,你可能会像我们一样对蛋白质工程在未来几年的发展方向感到兴奋。
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引用次数: 0
Meeting Reports 会议报告
Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1042/bio_2023_142
Elliott Stollar, Nicola Burgess-Brown, Rivka Isaacson
The 2-day training event discussed strategies to engineer sufficiently pure, homogenous and high-quality recombinant proteins that are critical for subsequent structural and functional studies.The selling point of our training event was to teach delegates the science through truly interactive hands-on activities, where participants learn and discuss protein strategies directly with experts from academia and industry.The quality of the training was amazing. Delegates were enthusiastic and happy to network in person, regularly asking questions and presenting their own research protein challenges. We had over 50 participants, mainly early career researchers (ECRs), who enjoyed networking with our keynote trainers: Dan Rigden (Liverpool, UK), Nicola Burgess-Brown (Oxford, UK) and Magdalena Richter (AstraZeneca, UK). We had nine invited trainers from all over the UK and EU with a good mix of academia and industry. We also had flash poster sessions, which were excellent and acted as a great advertisement for the poster sessions held, leading to prizes being awarded.Most of the science and technology was taught through case studies and a unique ‘choose your own adventure’ activity, where delegates learnt by doing and questioning rather than passively listening to speakers. We have all learned a lot, and this type of training in recombinant proteins certainly opened the horizon for many of the ECRs attending.Since we all enjoyed it so much last year, we are returning to the amazing new future-facing venue, The Spine in Liverpool, on 27–28 November 2023. We are again aiming at ECRs or anyone starting out in making and researching proteins, covering the latest bioinformatics tools for construct design and protein characterization, tips and tricks for improving protein expression, purification, stability and evaluating quality with biophysical techniques. There are options to bring samples for demos on the latest protein instruments and to present posters explaining any particular protein problems people are facing.Find out more about the event and register here.
为期两天的培训活动讨论了设计足够纯净、均质和高质量的重组蛋白的策略,这对后续的结构和功能研究至关重要。我们的培训活动的卖点是通过真正的互动实践活动向代表们传授科学知识,参与者可以直接与学术界和工业界的专家学习和讨论蛋白质策略。培训的质量令人惊叹。代表们热情而愉快地进行了面对面的交流,定期提出问题并介绍了他们自己的蛋白质研究挑战。我们有超过50名参与者,主要是早期职业研究人员(ecr),他们喜欢与我们的主题培训师进行交流:Dan Rigden(英国利物浦),Nicola Burgess-Brown(英国牛津)和Magdalena Richter(英国阿斯利康)。我们邀请了来自英国和欧盟各地的9名培训师,他们是学术界和工业界的良好结合。我们也有flash海报会议,这是优秀的,并作为一个伟大的广告海报会议举办,导致奖品颁发。大多数科学和技术都是通过案例研究和独特的“选择你自己的冒险”活动来教授的,在这个活动中,代表们通过实践和提问来学习,而不是被动地听演讲者说话。我们都学到了很多,这种重组蛋白的培训无疑为许多ecr与会者打开了视野。由于我们去年都非常喜欢它,我们将于2023年11月27日至28日回到利物浦的脊椎这个令人惊叹的面向未来的新场地。我们再次针对ecr或任何开始制造和研究蛋白质的人,涵盖构建设计和蛋白质表征的最新生物信息学工具,提高蛋白质表达,纯化,稳定性和生物物理技术评估质量的提示和技巧。可以选择携带最新蛋白质仪器的样品进行演示,并展示海报,解释人们面临的任何特定蛋白质问题。了解更多有关活动的信息并在此注册。
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引用次数: 0
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