PowerPoint is a tool that is very often used in organization to visualize knowledge. It is seemingly simple but a complex tool which is not 'neutral' but has enabling and constraining qualities. Despite its pervasiveness, research on PowerPoint is scarce, fragmented and often polemic. Given its omnipresence and importance, a more appropriate understanding of the tool is needed. This paper aims to contribute toward this goal by conducting a literature review on the constraining qualities of PowerPoint in a systematic manner. The results are synthesized into 12 constraining qualities and classified into two levels: the tool itself and the enactment of the tool in the performance. Through the synthesis and description of the constraining qualities and their negative effects, this paper aims to provide guidance to practitioners for the preparation, performance and reception of PowerPoint presentations, with the ultimate goal to select and use this presentation tool more consciously, or to select other tools for knowledge visualization.
{"title":"10 Years after Tufte's \"Cognitive Style of PowerPoint\": Synthesizing its Constraining Qualities","authors":"S. Kernbach, Sabrina Bresciani","doi":"10.1109/IV.2013.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IV.2013.44","url":null,"abstract":"PowerPoint is a tool that is very often used in organization to visualize knowledge. It is seemingly simple but a complex tool which is not 'neutral' but has enabling and constraining qualities. Despite its pervasiveness, research on PowerPoint is scarce, fragmented and often polemic. Given its omnipresence and importance, a more appropriate understanding of the tool is needed. This paper aims to contribute toward this goal by conducting a literature review on the constraining qualities of PowerPoint in a systematic manner. The results are synthesized into 12 constraining qualities and classified into two levels: the tool itself and the enactment of the tool in the performance. Through the synthesis and description of the constraining qualities and their negative effects, this paper aims to provide guidance to practitioners for the preparation, performance and reception of PowerPoint presentations, with the ultimate goal to select and use this presentation tool more consciously, or to select other tools for knowledge visualization.","PeriodicalId":354135,"journal":{"name":"2013 17th International Conference on Information Visualisation","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115377781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haruka Suematsu, Yunzhu Zheng, T. Itoh, R. Fujimaki, Satoshi Morinaga, Y. Kawahara
Multidimensional data visualization is an important research topic that has been receiving increasing attention. Several techniques that use parallel coordinate plots have been proposed to represent all dimensions of data in a single display space. In addition, several other techniques that apply scatter plot matrices have been proposed to represent multidimensional data as a collection of low-dimensional data visualization spaces. Typically, when using the latter approach it is easier to understand relations among particular dimensions, but it is often difficult to observe relations between dimensions separated into different visualization spaces. This paper presents a framework for displaying an arrangement of low-dimensional data visualization spaces that are generated from high-dimensional datasets. Our proposed technique first divides the dimensions of the input datasets into groups of lower dimensions based on their correlations or other relationships. If the groups of lower dimensions can be visualized in independent rectangular spaces, our technique packs the set of low-dimensional data visualizations into a single display space. Because our technique places relevant low-dimensions closer together in the display space, it is easier to visually compare relevant sets of low-dimensional data visualizations. In this paper, we describe in detail how we implement our framework using parallel coordinate plots, and present several results demonstrating its effectiveness.
{"title":"Arrangement of Low-Dimensional Parallel Coordinate Plots for High-Dimensional Data Visualization","authors":"Haruka Suematsu, Yunzhu Zheng, T. Itoh, R. Fujimaki, Satoshi Morinaga, Y. Kawahara","doi":"10.1109/IV.2013.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IV.2013.7","url":null,"abstract":"Multidimensional data visualization is an important research topic that has been receiving increasing attention. Several techniques that use parallel coordinate plots have been proposed to represent all dimensions of data in a single display space. In addition, several other techniques that apply scatter plot matrices have been proposed to represent multidimensional data as a collection of low-dimensional data visualization spaces. Typically, when using the latter approach it is easier to understand relations among particular dimensions, but it is often difficult to observe relations between dimensions separated into different visualization spaces. This paper presents a framework for displaying an arrangement of low-dimensional data visualization spaces that are generated from high-dimensional datasets. Our proposed technique first divides the dimensions of the input datasets into groups of lower dimensions based on their correlations or other relationships. If the groups of lower dimensions can be visualized in independent rectangular spaces, our technique packs the set of low-dimensional data visualizations into a single display space. Because our technique places relevant low-dimensions closer together in the display space, it is easier to visually compare relevant sets of low-dimensional data visualizations. In this paper, we describe in detail how we implement our framework using parallel coordinate plots, and present several results demonstrating its effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":354135,"journal":{"name":"2013 17th International Conference on Information Visualisation","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116802387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Visualization techniques have proved to be valuable tools to support textual data exploration. Dimensionality reduction techniques have been widely used to produce visual representation of document collections. Focusing on multidimensional projection techniques, good visual results are produced depending on how representative terms to discriminate the documents are chosen to compose the vector space model (VSM). To define a good VSM it is necessary to apply filters during the preprocessing in order to eliminate terms using their frequency. For that, the user must evaluate the term frequency histogram based on his/her expertise in the text subject and decide the threshold value for frequency cut. Usually it is a trial and error approach that requires the user to verify the quality of visual representation after each trial. In this paper, we propose an automatic approach that applies the Otsu's Threshold Selection Method for computing a threshold using a term frequency histogram. We conducted experiments that have shown our approach generates visual representations as good as those generated with a threshold obtained by trial and error approach. The contribution of our approach is that users with non expertise are able to generate good visual representations and the time to get a good threshold is decreased.
{"title":"Using Otsu's Threshold Selection Method for Eliminating Terms in Vector Space Model Computation","authors":"D. M. Eler, R. E. García","doi":"10.1109/IV.2013.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IV.2013.29","url":null,"abstract":"Visualization techniques have proved to be valuable tools to support textual data exploration. Dimensionality reduction techniques have been widely used to produce visual representation of document collections. Focusing on multidimensional projection techniques, good visual results are produced depending on how representative terms to discriminate the documents are chosen to compose the vector space model (VSM). To define a good VSM it is necessary to apply filters during the preprocessing in order to eliminate terms using their frequency. For that, the user must evaluate the term frequency histogram based on his/her expertise in the text subject and decide the threshold value for frequency cut. Usually it is a trial and error approach that requires the user to verify the quality of visual representation after each trial. In this paper, we propose an automatic approach that applies the Otsu's Threshold Selection Method for computing a threshold using a term frequency histogram. We conducted experiments that have shown our approach generates visual representations as good as those generated with a threshold obtained by trial and error approach. The contribution of our approach is that users with non expertise are able to generate good visual representations and the time to get a good threshold is decreased.","PeriodicalId":354135,"journal":{"name":"2013 17th International Conference on Information Visualisation","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125926982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amalia I. Rusu, Steve Mislich, Lukas Missik, B. Schenker
Nowadays World Wide Web makes use of Human Interactive Proofs and CAPTCHA to distinguish legitimate users from bots. This paper presents an overview of current systems and their weaknesses and proposes a unified theory for a multilingual handwriting CAPTCHA. We further describe our French and Spanish CAPTCHAs, as an extension to the English version, with the potential of being more useful on websites in those languages. Highly interdisciplinary techniques used to generate our CAPTCHAs are also discussed.
{"title":"A Multilingual Handwriting Approach to CAPTCHA","authors":"Amalia I. Rusu, Steve Mislich, Lukas Missik, B. Schenker","doi":"10.1109/IV.2013.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IV.2013.26","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays World Wide Web makes use of Human Interactive Proofs and CAPTCHA to distinguish legitimate users from bots. This paper presents an overview of current systems and their weaknesses and proposes a unified theory for a multilingual handwriting CAPTCHA. We further describe our French and Spanish CAPTCHAs, as an extension to the English version, with the potential of being more useful on websites in those languages. Highly interdisciplinary techniques used to generate our CAPTCHAs are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":354135,"journal":{"name":"2013 17th International Conference on Information Visualisation","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126733781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes a system for analyzing societal behaviors by visualizing time-varying topics in multiple media. Various types of content such as text, images, and videos have spread throughout multiple media, such as TV and the Web, that have complementary information and influence one another. It is important to compare how these media react to real world events to understand recent societal behaviors and how each medium reacts to other media. Our system visualizes flows of content in multiple media in 3D space enabling us to simultaneously explore them. We present two example applications using our system. The first involves the visualization of inter-media events comparing the exposure of topics in TV news and the activities of bloggers. The second example application is a system for visualizing visual trends on social media that chronologically displays extracted clusters of images on blogs. The proposed systems enable users to visually monitor changes in thought, activities, and interests of people, and differences between media through interactively exploring flows of texts and images extracted from the media.
{"title":"Visualizing Time-Varying Topics Via Images and Texts for Inter-Media Analysis","authors":"Masahiko Itoh, Masashi Toyoda, M. Kitsuregawa","doi":"10.1109/IV.2013.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IV.2013.77","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a system for analyzing societal behaviors by visualizing time-varying topics in multiple media. Various types of content such as text, images, and videos have spread throughout multiple media, such as TV and the Web, that have complementary information and influence one another. It is important to compare how these media react to real world events to understand recent societal behaviors and how each medium reacts to other media. Our system visualizes flows of content in multiple media in 3D space enabling us to simultaneously explore them. We present two example applications using our system. The first involves the visualization of inter-media events comparing the exposure of topics in TV news and the activities of bloggers. The second example application is a system for visualizing visual trends on social media that chronologically displays extracted clusters of images on blogs. The proposed systems enable users to visually monitor changes in thought, activities, and interests of people, and differences between media through interactively exploring flows of texts and images extracted from the media.","PeriodicalId":354135,"journal":{"name":"2013 17th International Conference on Information Visualisation","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122108680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aki Hayashi, T. Matsubayashi, Takahide Hoshide, Tadasu Uchiyama
Microblogging services generate huge histories that suit animated visualization based on graph drawing, but response speeds are insufficient. This paper proposes an effective updating method for the real-time visualization of time varying data. We propose an initial positioning method by combining Additional Edge Resizing (AER) with Sorted Sequential Barycenter Merging (SSBM). AER resizes edges between existing nodes when new edges are added before updating the visualization. SSBM initially positions multiple new nodes sequentially through priority based on the degree of connections to the existing graph. The proposed method prevents a decrease in readability at data update and achieves fast convergence with high accuracy. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations using the energy function and RMSE are detailed along with some visualization results. A graph drawing tool based on HTML5 is also introduced as an implementation of the proposed method and present some use cases for twitter data.
{"title":"Initial Positioning Method for Online and Real-Time Dynamic Graph Drawing of Time Varying Data","authors":"Aki Hayashi, T. Matsubayashi, Takahide Hoshide, Tadasu Uchiyama","doi":"10.1109/IV.2013.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IV.2013.57","url":null,"abstract":"Microblogging services generate huge histories that suit animated visualization based on graph drawing, but response speeds are insufficient. This paper proposes an effective updating method for the real-time visualization of time varying data. We propose an initial positioning method by combining Additional Edge Resizing (AER) with Sorted Sequential Barycenter Merging (SSBM). AER resizes edges between existing nodes when new edges are added before updating the visualization. SSBM initially positions multiple new nodes sequentially through priority based on the degree of connections to the existing graph. The proposed method prevents a decrease in readability at data update and achieves fast convergence with high accuracy. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations using the energy function and RMSE are detailed along with some visualization results. A graph drawing tool based on HTML5 is also introduced as an implementation of the proposed method and present some use cases for twitter data.","PeriodicalId":354135,"journal":{"name":"2013 17th International Conference on Information Visualisation","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128468030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper is to analyze the Parallel Coordinates technique, to study its cons and pros along with the emerging limitations, also to examine its combination with other techniques in order to provide novel evolutionary synthetic methods. The applied methodologies are in the form of literature surveying as well as making use of the technical expertise of the professionals in this field. The outcomes of this research are categorized and listed consequently which can serve as a guideline for the prospective users, thus facilitating appropriate application of the method.
{"title":"Parallel Coordinates Technique in Visual Data Mining: Advantages, Disadvantages and Combinations","authors":"A. Cuzzocrea, D. Zall","doi":"10.1109/IV.2013.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IV.2013.96","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to analyze the Parallel Coordinates technique, to study its cons and pros along with the emerging limitations, also to examine its combination with other techniques in order to provide novel evolutionary synthetic methods. The applied methodologies are in the form of literature surveying as well as making use of the technical expertise of the professionals in this field. The outcomes of this research are categorized and listed consequently which can serve as a guideline for the prospective users, thus facilitating appropriate application of the method.","PeriodicalId":354135,"journal":{"name":"2013 17th International Conference on Information Visualisation","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128172439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Partial differential equation-based surface modelling is a new approach of creating and manipulating three-dimensional geometric models. It uses the solution to a vector-valued partial differential equation subjected to suitably defined boundary constraints to carry out surface modeling. This paper provides a survey on this approach which summarizes various mathematical models of partial differential equation-based surface modelling, accurate and approximate analytical solutions as well as numerical solutions of the mathematical models, and the applications of partial differential equation-based surface modelling. It also discusses some future research directions of partial differential equation-based surface modelling.
{"title":"Surface Modeling Using Partial Differential Equations: A Survey","authors":"L. You, Xiaogang Jin, X. You, J. Zhang","doi":"10.1109/IV.2013.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IV.2013.62","url":null,"abstract":"Partial differential equation-based surface modelling is a new approach of creating and manipulating three-dimensional geometric models. It uses the solution to a vector-valued partial differential equation subjected to suitably defined boundary constraints to carry out surface modeling. This paper provides a survey on this approach which summarizes various mathematical models of partial differential equation-based surface modelling, accurate and approximate analytical solutions as well as numerical solutions of the mathematical models, and the applications of partial differential equation-based surface modelling. It also discusses some future research directions of partial differential equation-based surface modelling.","PeriodicalId":354135,"journal":{"name":"2013 17th International Conference on Information Visualisation","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132031414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The amount of data produced in the world every day implies a huge challenge in understanding and extracting knowledge from it. Much of this data is of relational nature, such as social networks, metabolic pathways, or links between software components. Traditionally, those networks are represented as node-link diagrams or matrix representations. They help us to understand the structure (topology) of the relational data. However in many real world data sets, additional (often multidimensional) attributes are attached to the network elements. One challenge is to show these attributes in context of the underlying network topology in order to support the user in further analyses. In this paper, we present a novel approach that extends traditional force-based graph layouts to create an attribute-driven layout. In addition, our prototype implementation supports interactive exploration by introducing clustering and multidimensional scaling into the analysis process.
{"title":"Multivariate Network Exploration with JauntyNets","authors":"Ilir Jusufi, A. Kerren, Björn Zimmer","doi":"10.1109/IV.2013.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IV.2013.3","url":null,"abstract":"The amount of data produced in the world every day implies a huge challenge in understanding and extracting knowledge from it. Much of this data is of relational nature, such as social networks, metabolic pathways, or links between software components. Traditionally, those networks are represented as node-link diagrams or matrix representations. They help us to understand the structure (topology) of the relational data. However in many real world data sets, additional (often multidimensional) attributes are attached to the network elements. One challenge is to show these attributes in context of the underlying network topology in order to support the user in further analyses. In this paper, we present a novel approach that extends traditional force-based graph layouts to create an attribute-driven layout. In addition, our prototype implementation supports interactive exploration by introducing clustering and multidimensional scaling into the analysis process.","PeriodicalId":354135,"journal":{"name":"2013 17th International Conference on Information Visualisation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130133610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multidimensional data impose a challenge for visual analyses. Commonly, dimensionality reduction techniques are used to project the multidimensional data into a 2D visual space. Poco et al. [9] showed that projection into a 3D visual space can increase the performance of common visual analysis tasks due to a higher projection precision. They also backed up their findings with a user study. However, when conducting the user study they displayed the 3D visual space on a 2D screen, which may impede the correct perception of the third dimension. In this paper, we present a study that investigates the effect of stereoscopic environments when used for the visual analysis of multidimensional data after projection into a 3D visual space. We conducted a controlled user study to compare correctness, timing, and confidence in segregation and precision tasks when performed in stereoscopic immersive environments and on a nonstereoscopic 2D screen. In terms of the stereoscopic immersive environments, we operated on and compared results obtained with two setup: a single screen and a six-sided highly immersive system, in both of which interaction was performed with a 3D input device. We investigated whether the stereoscopic immersive environments have an effect on user performance depending on the visual encodings. We used both 3D scatter plots and cluster visualizations in the form of enclosing surfaces or hulls for the visual analysis tasks.
{"title":"The Effect of Stereoscopic Immersive Environments on Projection-Based Multi-dimensional Data Visualization","authors":"Ronak Etemadpour, Eric E. Monson, L. Linsen","doi":"10.1109/IV.2013.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IV.2013.51","url":null,"abstract":"Multidimensional data impose a challenge for visual analyses. Commonly, dimensionality reduction techniques are used to project the multidimensional data into a 2D visual space. Poco et al. [9] showed that projection into a 3D visual space can increase the performance of common visual analysis tasks due to a higher projection precision. They also backed up their findings with a user study. However, when conducting the user study they displayed the 3D visual space on a 2D screen, which may impede the correct perception of the third dimension. In this paper, we present a study that investigates the effect of stereoscopic environments when used for the visual analysis of multidimensional data after projection into a 3D visual space. We conducted a controlled user study to compare correctness, timing, and confidence in segregation and precision tasks when performed in stereoscopic immersive environments and on a nonstereoscopic 2D screen. In terms of the stereoscopic immersive environments, we operated on and compared results obtained with two setup: a single screen and a six-sided highly immersive system, in both of which interaction was performed with a 3D input device. We investigated whether the stereoscopic immersive environments have an effect on user performance depending on the visual encodings. We used both 3D scatter plots and cluster visualizations in the form of enclosing surfaces or hulls for the visual analysis tasks.","PeriodicalId":354135,"journal":{"name":"2013 17th International Conference on Information Visualisation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130242432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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