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An independent audit oversight system in a non-developed market: the case of Egypt 非发达市场的独立审计监督制度:以埃及为例
Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2017-07-19 DOI: 10.1504/IJAAPE.2017.10005538
Mohamed Khaled Eldaly, M. Abdel-Kader
This study aims to provide a better understanding of oversight on the audit profession in Egypt, including its motivations, objectives and its working approach. Further, it reaches a better understanding of the Egyptian Big 4 partners' perceptions of the new audit oversight board (AOB). Previous studies have frequently examined the audit oversight system in developed countries (the USA and UK in particular), but little is known on how the system works on developing countries. We believe that facing different problems and challenges demands that audit regulators in developing countries follow different approaches in order to improve the quality of their audit markets. Lack of skilled auditors, lack of transparency and public accountability, and a high level of corruption are the main problems facing the audit profession in Egypt (Awadallah, 2006; Wahdan et al., 2005a). Our findings suggest that establishing an AOB in Egypt has been motivated by the need to attract foreign investments and follow the global trend of auditing in developed countries. A number of legal changes are needed in order to improve the AOB's efficiency.
本研究旨在更好地了解埃及审计行业的监督,包括其动机、目标和工作方法。此外,它更好地了解了埃及四大合作伙伴对新审计监督委员会(AOB)的看法。先前的研究经常研究发达国家(特别是美国和英国)的审计监督系统,但对该系统如何在发展中国家发挥作用知之甚少。我们认为,面对不同的问题和挑战,要求发展中国家的审计监管机构采取不同的方法,以提高其审计市场的质量。缺乏熟练的审计师、缺乏透明度和公共问责制以及腐败程度高是埃及审计行业面临的主要问题(Awadallah,2006;Wahdan等人,2005a)。我们的研究结果表明,在埃及建立AOB的动机是吸引外国投资和追随发达国家审计的全球趋势。为了提高AOB的效率,需要进行一些法律改革。
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引用次数: 6
Audit quality and the value relevance of fair values 审计质量与公允价值的价值相关性
Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2017-07-19 DOI: 10.1504/IJAAPE.2017.10005537
J. Siekkinen
This paper examines whether audit quality and auditor independence have an impact on the information quality of fair values. It is assumed that higher audit quality and higher auditor independence decrease the incentives for managerial opportunism, thereby increasing investors' trust in book values. By analysing financial firms from 28 European countries, this study finds evidence that non-audit services have a positive association with the value relevance of Level 3 fair value assets. Furthermore, the more important the client is to the auditor, the lower is the value relevance of fair value estimates (Level 3). The association between a Big 4 auditor and the information quality of fair value estimates depends on the legal traditions in the firm's home country. The association is positive or non-existent in Northern and Western European countries and negative in Southern and Eastern European countries.
本文考察了审计质量和审计师独立性是否对公允价值信息质量产生影响。假设更高的审计质量和更高的审计师独立性降低了管理机会主义的动机,从而增加了投资者对账面价值的信任。通过分析来自28个欧洲国家的金融公司,本研究发现有证据表明,非审计服务与3级公允价值资产的价值相关性呈正相关。此外,客户对审计师越重要,公允价值估计的价值相关性就越低(第3级)。四大审计师与公允价值评估信息质量之间的关联取决于公司所在国的法律传统。这种联系在北欧和西欧国家是积极的或不存在的,在南欧和东欧国家是消极的。
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引用次数: 2
The value relevance of intangibles: some evidence on industry sector, firm performance and size effects 无形资产的价值相关性:关于行业部门、企业绩效和规模效应的证据
Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2017-07-19 DOI: 10.1504/IJAAPE.2017.10005540
Maqsood Iqbal Qureshi
This study, using a valuation model and a sample of UK firms for the period between 1998 and 2003, empirically investigates whether the market attaches different values to investments in goodwill (GW), research and development (RD) and advertising (AD) by firms in different sectors, of different sizes, and with different performances. The research findings indicate that the market attaches different values to investments in GW, RD and AD by firms in different sectors (manufacturing and non-manufacturing), of different sizes (large and small firms) and with different performances (profit-making and loss-making firms). Our results provide evidence that both RD and AD are valued almost equally for manufacturing and non-manufacturing and profit making and loss-making firms. While the market assigns more value to non-manufacturing and profit making firms' goodwill. Our results also suggest that goodwill, R%D, and advertising are likely to be more effective for larger firms. Overall, these results should also interest analysts and creditors seeking to evaluate firms' intangible investments, professionals engaged in designing disclosure strategies, and academics exploring issues related to intangibles.
本研究以1998年至2003年间的英国公司为样本,采用估值模型,实证研究了不同行业、不同规模、不同业绩的公司对商誉(GW)、研发(RD)和广告(AD)的投资是否具有不同的价值。研究结果表明,市场对不同行业(制造业和非制造业)、不同规模(大型企业和小型企业)、不同业绩(盈利企业和亏损企业)的GW、RD和AD投资的评价是不同的。我们的研究结果证明,对于制造型和非制造型企业,以及盈利型和亏损型企业,研发和创新的价值几乎相同。而非制造业和盈利企业的商誉则被市场赋予了更多的价值。我们的研究结果还表明,商誉、研发和广告可能对大公司更有效。总的来说,这些结果也应该引起寻求评估公司无形投资的分析师和债权人,从事设计披露策略的专业人士以及探索无形资产相关问题的学者的兴趣。
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引用次数: 3
The interference of the organisational culture with the internal audit function 组织文化对内部审计职能的干扰
Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2017-03-21 DOI: 10.1504/IJAAPE.2017.10003437
J. O. Imoniana, Sergio Ricardo Leandro Dias
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the interference of the organisational culture with the internal audit function (IAF) of financial institutions in Brazil. Ten internal auditors from ten different banks based in Sao Paulo answered a cultural diagnostic questionnaire and were interviewed about how they perceived cultural interference with their functions. Data were analysed with the support of NVivo application and electronic spreadsheets. We found that the interference of the organisational culture with internal auditor's work takes place mainly through an 'image', a symbolic representation which contains the values and the expectations the organisation has concerning the way internal auditors must act. Moreover, organisations culture mainly affects the IAF in its planning process, when audit objects are chosen, and in its effectiveness, that is, the implementation of audit recommendations.
本文的目的是调查组织文化与巴西金融机构内部审计职能(IAF)的干扰。来自圣保罗10家不同银行的10名内部审计师回答了一份文化诊断问卷,并接受了关于他们如何看待文化对其职能的干扰的采访。在NVivo应用程序和电子表格的支持下分析数据。我们发现,组织文化对内部审计师工作的干扰主要是通过一种“形象”发生的,这是一种象征性的表现,它包含了组织对内部审计师必须采取的行动方式的价值观和期望。此外,组织文化主要影响IAF的是其策划过程,即选择审计对象时,以及其有效性,即审计建议的实施。
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引用次数: 1
Earnings management in Libyan commercial banks: perceptions of stakeholders. 利比亚商业银行的盈余管理:利益相关者的看法。
Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2017-03-21 DOI: 10.1504/IJAAPE.2017.083025
Yasser Barghathi, D. Collison, Louise Crawford
The issue of earnings management has continued to be problematic in the financial reporting context. It has proved to be an important topic that concerns a wide range of stakeholders, including regulators, investors and preparers. The objective of this paper is to examine the perceptions of different stakeholders with regard to the financial reporting quality of Libyan commercial banks (LCBs) by addressing the issue of earnings management. The paper adopts a qualitative approach in order to investigate the topic of earnings management. It considers motives for, and techniques of, earnings management as well as the role and potential role for accounting standards and improved corporate governance in addressing the issue. The paper reports on 28 semi-structured interviews with different stakeholders of LCBs. It is found that financial reporting quality is perceived to be impaired as a result of earnings management. It also provides prima facie evidence of some fraudulent activity in the management of earnings. IFRS/IAS as well as a sound corporate governance system is perceived to have an important potential role in improving financial reporting quality. Some confusion and ambiguity in the understanding of the term earnings management was also identified.
盈余管理问题在财务报告方面仍然是个问题。事实证明,这是一个涉及广泛利益相关者的重要话题,包括监管机构、投资者和准备人。本文的目的是通过解决盈余管理问题,研究不同利益相关者对利比亚商业银行(lcb)财务报告质量的看法。本文采用定性的方法来研究盈余管理这一主题。它考虑了盈余管理的动机和技术,以及会计准则和改进的公司治理在解决这一问题方面的作用和潜在作用。本文报告了对28个不同的lcb利益相关者的半结构化访谈。研究发现,由于盈余管理,财务报告质量被认为受到损害。它还提供了盈余管理中某些欺诈活动的初步证据。人们认为,国际财务报告准则/国际会计准则以及健全的公司治理制度在提高财务报告质量方面具有重要的潜在作用。在对盈余管理这一术语的理解中也发现了一些混淆和歧义。
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引用次数: 7
Do experienced auditors have a bias for confirmatory audit evidence 有经验的审计师是否对确认性审计证据有偏见
Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2017-03-21 DOI: 10.1504/IJAAPE.2017.10003442
Dennis M. O'reilly, J. Reisch, R. Leitch
In this study we experimentally test whether experienced auditors display a preference for confirmatory evidence when performing a routine part of a financial statement audit. We theorise that information auditors receive early during an audit leads them to form an initial belief about the correctness of an account balance. Subsequently, auditors may bias their evidence choices in a way that confirms their initial belief. We conducted a 2 × 2 between-subjects experiment with 97 experienced auditors. We manipulated whether early information came from a client's CFO or a firm partner and whether or not it supported the account balance as currently stated. We found that auditors selected more confirmatory evidence after receiving positive information from an audit partner compared to receiving the same information from a client's CFO. We found that experienced auditors selected more confirmatory evidence when the CFO provided negative information relative to when the CFO provided positive information.
在这项研究中,我们通过实验测试了经验丰富的审计师在执行财务报表审计的常规部分时是否表现出对证实性证据的偏好。我们的理论是,审计师在审计早期收到的信息会使他们对账户余额的正确性形成初步的信念。随后,审计师可能会对他们的证据选择产生偏见,从而证实他们最初的信念。我们对97名经验丰富的审计师进行了一项2×2的受试者间实验。我们操纵了早期信息是否来自客户的首席财务官或公司合伙人,以及它是否支持当前所述的账户余额。我们发现,与从客户的首席财务官那里收到相同的信息相比,审计师在从审计合作伙伴那里收到积极信息后选择了更多的证实性证据。我们发现,当首席财务官提供负面信息时,经验丰富的审计师选择了更多的证实性证据。
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引用次数: 2
Study on theories and mechanisms of corporate governance 公司治理理论与机制研究
Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2017-01-31 DOI: 10.1504/IJAAPE.2017.10002694
R. Mishra, S. Kapil
This paper aims to review the theories of corporate governance for understanding the theoretical basis of corporate governance mechanisms. Major theoretical studies on corporate governance, including studies done in emerging economies, are included in the review. The paper looks at corporate governance theories from value creation point of view. It is observed that the two perspectives of corporate governance, i.e., shareholder and stakeholder perspectives, are not in contrast to each other but are pointing towards the same goal, i.e., value creation. However, one points towards value creation for shareholders and the other points towards creation of societal value. While reviewing theoretical underpinnings and assumptions for corporate governance perspectives, due consideration has been given to the development of corporate governance mechanism based on various existing theories. A theoretical framework for understanding the relationship between corporate governance mechanism and corporate performance has been proposed. Emerging challenges for corporate governance theories have also been indicated. This being a review paper, one of the major limitations is an unintentional omission of some literature because of non-availability or non-reachability. Literature that would have been present in languages other than English could also not been included in the review.
本文旨在通过对公司治理理论的梳理,了解公司治理机制的理论基础。关于公司治理的主要理论研究,包括在新兴经济体所做的研究,都包括在审查中。本文从价值创造的角度审视公司治理理论。可以看出,公司治理的两种视角,即股东视角和利益相关者视角,并不是对立的,而是指向同一个目标,即价值创造。然而,一个是为股东创造价值,另一个是为社会创造价值。在回顾公司治理视角的理论基础和假设的同时,充分考虑了在现有各种理论基础上公司治理机制的发展。本文提出了一个理解公司治理机制与公司绩效关系的理论框架。本文还指出了公司治理理论面临的新挑战。这是一篇综述论文,主要的限制之一是由于不可获得或不可获得而无意中遗漏了一些文献。本应以英语以外的语言发表的文献也不能纳入本综述。
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引用次数: 2
The rewards for publishing in accounting in the USA 在美国出版会计的报酬
Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2017-01-31 DOI: 10.1504/IJAAPE.2017.081803
Sharad Asthana, S. Balsam
Accounting faculty in the USA are rewarded for publishing, with the reward increasing with journal quality. We estimate the increase in annual salary for a top tier publication to be $5,609, with the increase varying across ranks - from $2,008 for an endowed professor to $9,452 for an assistant professor. As these are increases in base salary, under reasonable assumptions for longevity and discount rate, the present value of a top tier publication exceeds $145,000 for an assistant professor. We also document that the reward varies systematically across schools and over time. While we find significantly greater average salaries at doctoral granting institutions, we find the reward per publication is greater at non-doctoral granting institutions. We also find that more recent publications are valued more highly, and that the payoff for a top tier publication has increased over time, while that for lower tier publications has decreased.
美国的会计教师因发表论文而获得奖励,随着期刊质量的提高,奖励也在增加。我们估计,顶级出版物的年薪增幅为5609美元,不同级别的增幅不同——从捐赠教授的2008美元到助理教授的9452美元。由于这些是基本工资的增加,在合理的寿命和贴现率假设下,一名助理教授的一份顶级出版物的现值超过14.5万美元。我们还记录了奖励在不同的学校和时间有系统地变化。虽然我们发现博士学位授予机构的平均工资明显更高,但我们发现非博士学位授予机构的每次发表的奖励更高。我们还发现,更近期的出版物价值更高,顶级出版物的收益随着时间的推移而增加,而较低级别出版物的收益则有所下降。
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引用次数: 2
An empirical evidence on audit selection and audit rotation: the case of Qatari listed companies 审计选择与审计轮换的实证研究——以卡塔尔上市公司为例
Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2017-01-31 DOI: 10.1504/IJAAPE.2017.10002698
Ghassan H. Mardini, Yasean A. Tahat
The primary objective of this research is to examine the current state of audit selection and rotation practised by Qatari listed firms. A questionnaire survey has been used. A number of findings have emerged from the current investigation. First, the results indicate that a number of criteria appear to be used by listed companies in Qatar for such decisions: namely, accuracy, completeness, appropriateness, adequacy and multi-function ability. Indeed, the findings reveal that audit firm expertise, reputation and service quality are the most important factors employed by Qatari listed firms when choosing/changing an audit firm. Second, the study finds that audit rotation can enhance both audit quality and investors' confidence in the published financial statements. Finally, an industrial analysis of audit selection and rotation criteria shows that both audit firm expertise and service quality are statistically different among sectors examined. The findings of this research provide a great deal of insight for policy-makers, academicians and professionals about audit rotation in Qatar.
本研究的主要目的是考察卡塔尔上市公司审计选择和轮换的现状。采用了问卷调查。目前的调查得出了一些结论。首先,研究结果表明,卡塔尔上市公司似乎使用了一些标准来进行此类决策:即准确性、完整性、适当性、充分性和多功能能力。事实上,调查结果表明,卡塔尔上市公司在选择/更换审计公司时,审计公司的专业知识、声誉和服务质量是最重要的因素。其次,研究发现,审计轮换既可以提高审计质量,也可以增强投资者对已公布财务报表的信心。最后,对审计选择和轮换标准的行业分析表明,审计公司的专业知识和服务质量在所检查的部门之间存在统计差异。这项研究的结果为决策者、学者和专业人士提供了关于卡塔尔审计轮换的大量见解。
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引用次数: 8
Abnormal audit fees and future restatements: evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange 异常审计费用和未来重述:来自德黑兰证券交易所的证据
Q4 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2017-01-31 DOI: 10.1504/IJAAPE.2017.10002695
M. Salehi, Shayan Farhangdoust, Adineh Vahidnia
The aim of this paper is to provide empirical evidence for the impact of abnormal audit fees on future restatements. We examine whether firms that restate their financial statements have higher levels of total audit fees than their counterparts. In this regard, the authors test their hypothesis by performing panel data analysis on a sample of 936 firm-year observations from companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during 2009-2014. We find that there is a negative relationship between the two; specifically, abnormal audit fees are lower in the periods leading up to the occurrence or announcement of the restatement (i.e., the next fiscal year).
本文的目的是为异常审计费用对未来重述的影响提供经验证据。我们研究了重述财务报表的公司是否比同行的总审计费用水平更高。在这方面,作者通过对2009-2014年德黑兰证券交易所上市公司936个公司年度的观察样本进行面板数据分析来检验他们的假设。我们发现两者之间存在着一种消极的关系;特别是,在重述发生或宣布之前的期间(即下一个财政年度),异常审计费用较低。
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引用次数: 11
期刊
International Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation
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