The rich black soil of Muling in northeastern China yields not only abundant crops but also glittering gem corundum. In this study, gemological quality and characteristics and provenance-related features of sapphire from Muling are first reported with comprehensive analytical results. Muling sapphire exhibits a wide spectrum of hue and saturation. Mineral inclusions (e.g., rutile, zircon, anorthite, and pyrope) as well as other distinctive internal features (e.g., polysynthetic twinning accompanied by intersecting tubes, iridescent hexagonal thin films, and angular color zoning) are identified by microscopic observation and Raman spectroscopy. Spectral features and trace element chemistry of the various colors of gem-quality Muling sapphire are analyzed by ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared spectroscopy and laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. To assess the characteristics of Muling sapphire against well-known corundum sources worldwide, inclusion analysis and trace element discrimination diagrams are utilized. Analytical results indicate that Muling sapphire originated from a more diverse geological environment than typical magmatic or metamorphic origin. The Muling deposit shows great potential to produce fine gem-quality sapphire material.
{"title":"Sapphire Beneath the Rich Black Soil of Muling, Northeastern China","authors":"Yimiao Liu, Ren Lu","doi":"10.5741/gems.58.3.290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5741/gems.58.3.290","url":null,"abstract":"The rich black soil of Muling in northeastern China yields not only abundant crops but also glittering gem corundum. In this study, gemological quality and characteristics and provenance-related features of sapphire from Muling are first reported with comprehensive analytical results. Muling sapphire exhibits a wide spectrum of hue and saturation. Mineral inclusions (e.g., rutile, zircon, anorthite, and pyrope) as well as other distinctive internal features (e.g., polysynthetic twinning accompanied by intersecting tubes, iridescent hexagonal thin films, and angular color zoning) are identified by microscopic observation and Raman spectroscopy. Spectral features and trace element chemistry of the various colors of gem-quality Muling sapphire are analyzed by ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared spectroscopy and laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. To assess the characteristics of Muling sapphire against well-known corundum sources worldwide, inclusion analysis and trace element discrimination diagrams are utilized. Analytical results indicate that Muling sapphire originated from a more diverse geological environment than typical magmatic or metamorphic origin. The Muling deposit shows great potential to produce fine gem-quality sapphire material.","PeriodicalId":354281,"journal":{"name":"Gems & Gemology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127778882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Karampelas, E. Gaillou, Annabelle Herreweghe, Farida Maouche, Ugo Hennebois, Sophie Leblan, Bérengère Meslin Sainte Beuve, M. Lechartier, D. Nectoux, A. Delaunay
{"title":"A Gemological and Spectroscopic Study with Mobile Instruments of “Emeralds” from the Coronation Crown of Napoleon III","authors":"S. Karampelas, E. Gaillou, Annabelle Herreweghe, Farida Maouche, Ugo Hennebois, Sophie Leblan, Bérengère Meslin Sainte Beuve, M. Lechartier, D. Nectoux, A. Delaunay","doi":"10.5741/gems.58.2.168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5741/gems.58.2.168","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":354281,"journal":{"name":"Gems & Gemology","volume":"693 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115117880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Le Ngoc Nang, P. T. Hieu, Lam Vinh Phat, P. M. Tien, Ho Nguyen Tri Man, Ha Thuy Hang
{"title":"Characteristics of Newly Discovered Amber from Phu Quoc, Vietnam","authors":"Le Ngoc Nang, P. T. Hieu, Lam Vinh Phat, P. M. Tien, Ho Nguyen Tri Man, Ha Thuy Hang","doi":"10.5741/gems.58.2.184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5741/gems.58.2.184","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":354281,"journal":{"name":"Gems & Gemology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132039824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Look at Diamonds and Diamond Mining in Guyana","authors":"R. Bassoo, K. Befus","doi":"10.5741/gems.58.2.138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5741/gems.58.2.138","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":354281,"journal":{"name":"Gems & Gemology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133711168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Nasdala, K. Sameera, G. Fernando, M. Wildner, C. Chanmuang N., G. Habler, A. Erlacher, R. Škoda
{"title":"The Shape of Ekanite","authors":"L. Nasdala, K. Sameera, G. Fernando, M. Wildner, C. Chanmuang N., G. Habler, A. Erlacher, R. Škoda","doi":"10.5741/gems.58.2.156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5741/gems.58.2.156","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":354281,"journal":{"name":"Gems & Gemology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129380697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Zeug, L. Nasdala, C. Chanmuang N., C. Hauzenberger
the range are efficient exciting assigned
范围是有效的激励分配
{"title":"Gem Topaz from the Schneckenstein Crag, Saxony, Germany: Mineralogical Characterization and Luminescence","authors":"M. Zeug, L. Nasdala, C. Chanmuang N., C. Hauzenberger","doi":"10.5741/gems.58.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5741/gems.58.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"the range are efficient exciting assigned","PeriodicalId":354281,"journal":{"name":"Gems & Gemology","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124287799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Published information about the history of the Habachtal emerald mine in the era between War I and War II is limited and superficial. Subsequent to the departure of Emerald Mines Limited, the English company that had owned the property since 1896, the Habachtal mine was owned or controlled by Austrian, Swiss, Italian, or German companies or citizens. The names of various companies and individuals who were actively mining for some time in the Habach Valley are mentioned in numerous papers, books, or newspapers. The relationships between them and the property owners mentioned in files of the Mittersill land registry office are frequently unknown and the reasons for numerous transitions of ownership, followed by changes of the mining entities that operated the deposit, are not clearly seen. Using a wide selection of materials from Austrian and German archives, largely unpublished, the author seeks to trace the history of the Habachtal mine through this period and to fill the gaps left by existing publications. Activities and events after 1945 and the present situation are also briefly described.
{"title":"History of Emerald Mining in the Habachtal Deposit of Austria, Part II","authors":"K. Schmetzer","doi":"10.5741/gems.58.1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5741/gems.58.1.18","url":null,"abstract":"Published information about the history of the Habachtal emerald mine in the era between War I and War II is limited and superficial. Subsequent to the departure of Emerald Mines Limited, the English company that had owned the property since 1896, the Habachtal mine was owned or controlled by Austrian, Swiss, Italian, or German companies or citizens. The names of various companies and individuals who were actively mining for some time in the Habach Valley are mentioned in numerous papers, books, or newspapers. The relationships between them and the property owners mentioned in files of the Mittersill land registry office are frequently unknown and the reasons for numerous transitions of ownership, followed by changes of the mining entities that operated the deposit, are not clearly seen. Using a wide selection of materials from Austrian and German archives, largely unpublished, the author seeks to trace the history of the Habachtal mine through this period and to fill the gaps left by existing publications. Activities and events after 1945 and the present situation are also briefly described.","PeriodicalId":354281,"journal":{"name":"Gems & Gemology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131340482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fluorescence Characteristics of Two Copper-Diffused Plagioclase Feldspars: Labradorite and Andesine","authors":"Qingchao Zhou, Chengsi Wang, A. Shen","doi":"10.5741/gems.58.4.424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5741/gems.58.4.424","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":354281,"journal":{"name":"Gems & Gemology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130611546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liying Huang, Quan-li Chen, Yan Li, Zuowei Yin, Fengshun Xu, Xinxin Gao, Yang Du
{"title":"Composition and Spectral Characteristics of Porcelain-Treated Turquoise","authors":"Liying Huang, Quan-li Chen, Yan Li, Zuowei Yin, Fengshun Xu, Xinxin Gao, Yang Du","doi":"10.5741/gems.58.4.438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5741/gems.58.4.438","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":354281,"journal":{"name":"Gems & Gemology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133495804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Canary in the Ruby Mine: Low-Temperature Heat Treatment Experiments on Burmese Ruby","authors":"E. Hughes, W. Vertriest","doi":"10.5741/gems.58.4.400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5741/gems.58.4.400","url":null,"abstract":"variety","PeriodicalId":354281,"journal":{"name":"Gems & Gemology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131527020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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