首页 > 最新文献

Muslim World Journal of Human Rights最新文献

英文 中文
Islamism, Re-Islamization and the Fashioning of Muslim Selves: Refiguring the Public Sphere 伊斯兰主义、再伊斯兰化与穆斯林自我的塑造:重构公共领域
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2007-09-18 DOI: 10.2202/1554-4419.1116
S. Ismail
This article explores the political implications of Muslim public self-presentation and forms of self-fashioning associated with the ongoing processes of re-Islamisation in both Muslim-majority and Muslim-minority societies. It sketches how projects of the Muslim public self contribute to a refiguring of the public sphere. The argument put forward is that public practices of self-reform grounded in religion and presented in pietistic terms are political by virtue of being tied to projects of societal reform and because they have a bearing on the public sphere and public space. Proceeding from the premise that the public sphere is not neutral and that the subjectivities inhabiting it are shaped by power relations, the article examines the ways in which projects of Muslim public selves are imbricated in the material conditions of the settings in which they develop and as such are underpinned by dynamics of power and contestation.
本文探讨了在穆斯林占多数和穆斯林占少数的社会中,与正在进行的再伊斯兰化过程相关的穆斯林公众自我表现和自我塑造形式的政治含义。它概述了穆斯林公共自我的项目如何有助于公共领域的重构。提出的论点是,基于宗教的自我改革的公共实践,以虔诚的方式呈现,是政治性的,因为它们与社会改革项目联系在一起,因为它们对公共领域和公共空间有影响。从公共领域不是中立的前提出发,并且居住在其中的主体性是由权力关系塑造的,本文考察了穆斯林公共自我的项目是如何在它们发展的环境的物质条件下形成的,因此是由权力和争论的动态支撑的。
{"title":"Islamism, Re-Islamization and the Fashioning of Muslim Selves: Refiguring the Public Sphere","authors":"S. Ismail","doi":"10.2202/1554-4419.1116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1554-4419.1116","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the political implications of Muslim public self-presentation and forms of self-fashioning associated with the ongoing processes of re-Islamisation in both Muslim-majority and Muslim-minority societies. It sketches how projects of the Muslim public self contribute to a refiguring of the public sphere. The argument put forward is that public practices of self-reform grounded in religion and presented in pietistic terms are political by virtue of being tied to projects of societal reform and because they have a bearing on the public sphere and public space. Proceeding from the premise that the public sphere is not neutral and that the subjectivities inhabiting it are shaped by power relations, the article examines the ways in which projects of Muslim public selves are imbricated in the material conditions of the settings in which they develop and as such are underpinned by dynamics of power and contestation.","PeriodicalId":35445,"journal":{"name":"Muslim World Journal of Human Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2202/1554-4419.1116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68675107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 32
Politics of Appearances: Religion, Law, and the Press in Morocco 表象的政治:摩洛哥的宗教、法律和新闻
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2007-09-03 DOI: 10.2202/1554-4419.1106
A. Souaiaia
Since the last several years of the life of King Hassan II, Morocco slowly moved from authoritarian rule to a managed democracy. As a result of this gradual political liberalization, religious groups as well as secular ones formed political parties. Islamists have already won seats in the parliament and they are expected to gain nearly half the number of seats in the coming elections. Equally significant is the increased presence of human rights and non-government organizations and the emergence of independent and party-affiliated newspapers and other media outlets. In this article, I focus on the prospects of seeing a free press emerging in Morocco given the pressures exerted by official and non-official authorities. I argue that government interventions stifle freedom of expression and weaken civil society. This study focuses exclusively on Moroccan Arabic and French language print media.
自从哈桑二世国王生命的最后几年,摩洛哥慢慢地从独裁统治转向有管理的民主。随着政治的逐渐自由化,宗教团体和世俗团体组成了政党。伊斯兰主义者已经在议会中赢得了席位,预计他们将在即将到来的选举中获得近一半的席位。同样重要的是,人权组织和非政府组织的出现有所增加,独立的和附属于党的报纸和其他媒体的出现。在这篇文章中,我将重点讨论在官方和非官方当局施加压力的情况下,摩洛哥出现新闻自由的前景。我认为,政府干预扼杀了言论自由,削弱了公民社会。本研究的重点是摩洛哥阿拉伯语和法语印刷媒体。
{"title":"Politics of Appearances: Religion, Law, and the Press in Morocco","authors":"A. Souaiaia","doi":"10.2202/1554-4419.1106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1554-4419.1106","url":null,"abstract":"Since the last several years of the life of King Hassan II, Morocco slowly moved from authoritarian rule to a managed democracy. As a result of this gradual political liberalization, religious groups as well as secular ones formed political parties. Islamists have already won seats in the parliament and they are expected to gain nearly half the number of seats in the coming elections. Equally significant is the increased presence of human rights and non-government organizations and the emergence of independent and party-affiliated newspapers and other media outlets. In this article, I focus on the prospects of seeing a free press emerging in Morocco given the pressures exerted by official and non-official authorities. I argue that government interventions stifle freedom of expression and weaken civil society. This study focuses exclusively on Moroccan Arabic and French language print media.","PeriodicalId":35445,"journal":{"name":"Muslim World Journal of Human Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2202/1554-4419.1106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68674247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Improving Democracy in Religious Nation-States: Norms of Moderation and Cooperation in Ireland and Iran 宗教民族国家的民主改善:爱尔兰和伊朗的节制与合作规范
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2007-01-18 DOI: 10.2202/1554-4419.1101
B. Rieffer-Flanagan
Many in the human rights community have expressed concern about the illiberal religious political system found in Iran today. However, Iran is not unique in its illiberal religious nationalism. Some contemporary liberal democracies in the West also have a history of illiberal religious nationalism. The English and later the British discriminated against Catholics in various ways. The Irish also have a history of discrimination against Protestants and inequality towards women which was based on a deep seated illiberal Catholic nationalism. In all of these cases moderation and liberalization occurred over time. An interesting question is whether moderation over time might be repeated outside of Europe, especially in religiously based nations in the Middle East.When looking especially at the evolution of Ireland we notice that: economic prosperity spread throughout the population, the perception of a threat from the United Kingdom declined, European norms were spread within Ireland, and there were scandals within the Catholic Church. All these factors diminished the power of Irish illiberal Catholicism over time. If the external threats to Iran were removed and economic prosperity was to spread, as corruption and scandals came to light, we might expect that Iran may begin to moderate its political system.The goal of this essay is to analyze what conditions are conducive for the gradual transformation from an illiberal, religiously defined nation-state to a more moderate, democratic one by examining Iran and Ireland. This article suggests that the evolution of religiously based political systems can lead to more democratic political systems which are more cooperative with other countries and are less supportive of violence and terrorism.
人权团体的许多人对当今伊朗狭隘的宗教政治制度表示担忧。然而,伊朗并不是唯一一个不自由的宗教民族主义国家。西方一些当代自由民主国家也有不自由的宗教民族主义历史。英国人和后来的英国人以各种方式歧视天主教徒。爱尔兰人也有歧视新教徒和不平等对待妇女的历史,这是基于根深蒂固的狭隘的天主教民族主义。在所有这些情况下,随着时间的推移,缓和和自由化都发生了。一个有趣的问题是,随着时间的推移,节制是否会在欧洲以外重演,尤其是在以宗教为基础的中东国家。当我们特别关注爱尔兰的演变时,我们注意到:经济繁荣在全国蔓延,来自英国的威胁感下降,欧洲规范在爱尔兰传播,天主教会内部也出现了丑闻。随着时间的推移,所有这些因素削弱了爱尔兰狭隘天主教的力量。随着腐败和丑闻的曝光,如果对伊朗的外部威胁被消除,经济繁荣得以传播,我们可以预期伊朗可能会开始缓和其政治制度。本文的目的是通过对伊朗和爱尔兰的考察,分析哪些条件有利于从一个非自由的、由宗教定义的民族国家逐步转变为一个更温和、民主的国家。这篇文章表明,以宗教为基础的政治制度的演变可以导致更民主的政治制度,与其他国家更合作,更少支持暴力和恐怖主义。
{"title":"Improving Democracy in Religious Nation-States: Norms of Moderation and Cooperation in Ireland and Iran","authors":"B. Rieffer-Flanagan","doi":"10.2202/1554-4419.1101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1554-4419.1101","url":null,"abstract":"Many in the human rights community have expressed concern about the illiberal religious political system found in Iran today. However, Iran is not unique in its illiberal religious nationalism. Some contemporary liberal democracies in the West also have a history of illiberal religious nationalism. The English and later the British discriminated against Catholics in various ways. The Irish also have a history of discrimination against Protestants and inequality towards women which was based on a deep seated illiberal Catholic nationalism. In all of these cases moderation and liberalization occurred over time. An interesting question is whether moderation over time might be repeated outside of Europe, especially in religiously based nations in the Middle East.When looking especially at the evolution of Ireland we notice that: economic prosperity spread throughout the population, the perception of a threat from the United Kingdom declined, European norms were spread within Ireland, and there were scandals within the Catholic Church. All these factors diminished the power of Irish illiberal Catholicism over time. If the external threats to Iran were removed and economic prosperity was to spread, as corruption and scandals came to light, we might expect that Iran may begin to moderate its political system.The goal of this essay is to analyze what conditions are conducive for the gradual transformation from an illiberal, religiously defined nation-state to a more moderate, democratic one by examining Iran and Ireland. This article suggests that the evolution of religiously based political systems can lead to more democratic political systems which are more cooperative with other countries and are less supportive of violence and terrorism.","PeriodicalId":35445,"journal":{"name":"Muslim World Journal of Human Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2202/1554-4419.1101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68674217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Islam and the Realization of Human Rights in the Muslim World: A Reflection on Two Essential Approaches and Two Divergent Perspectives 伊斯兰教与穆斯林世界的人权实现:两种基本途径和两种不同视角的反思
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2007-01-18 DOI: 10.2202/1554-4419.1117
Mashood a. Baderin
This article argues that while Islam may not be the sole factor for ensuring the realization of human rights in Muslim States, it is certainly a significant factor that can be constructively employed as a vehicle for improving the poor human rights situation in predominantly Muslim States that recognise Islam as State religion or apply Islamic law or Islamic principles as part of State law. It addresses the question of how best to realize that in light of the two essential approaches (the `socio-cultural approach' and the `politico-legal approach') for promoting and protecting human rights generally, and the two divergent perspectives (the `adversarial perspective' and the `harmonistic perspective') to the discourse on Islam and human rights. The article then advances the view that the harmonistic perspective would be most helpful for employing Islam as a vehicle for the realization of human rights in the Muslim world within the context of the socio-cultural and politico-legal approaches for promoting and protecting human rights generally. Relevant academic and policy oriented examples, especially in relation to promoting women's rights in the Muslim world, are cited to substantiate this position.
本文认为,虽然伊斯兰教可能不是确保在穆斯林国家实现人权的唯一因素,但它肯定是一个重要因素,可以建设性地作为一种工具,用于改善在承认伊斯兰教为国教或将伊斯兰法律或伊斯兰原则作为国法一部分的穆斯林占主导地位的国家中糟糕的人权状况。它解决了如何在促进和保护人权的两种基本方法(“社会文化方法”和“政治法律方法”)以及伊斯兰教和人权话语的两种不同观点(“对抗观点”和“和谐观点”)的基础上最好地实现这一问题。然后,文章提出了一种观点,即在促进和普遍保护人权的社会文化和政治法律方法的背景下,和谐视角将最有助于将伊斯兰教作为在穆斯林世界实现人权的工具。相关的学术和政策导向的例子,特别是与促进穆斯林世界妇女权利有关的例子,被引用来证实这一立场。
{"title":"Islam and the Realization of Human Rights in the Muslim World: A Reflection on Two Essential Approaches and Two Divergent Perspectives","authors":"Mashood a. Baderin","doi":"10.2202/1554-4419.1117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1554-4419.1117","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that while Islam may not be the sole factor for ensuring the realization of human rights in Muslim States, it is certainly a significant factor that can be constructively employed as a vehicle for improving the poor human rights situation in predominantly Muslim States that recognise Islam as State religion or apply Islamic law or Islamic principles as part of State law. It addresses the question of how best to realize that in light of the two essential approaches (the `socio-cultural approach' and the `politico-legal approach') for promoting and protecting human rights generally, and the two divergent perspectives (the `adversarial perspective' and the `harmonistic perspective') to the discourse on Islam and human rights. The article then advances the view that the harmonistic perspective would be most helpful for employing Islam as a vehicle for the realization of human rights in the Muslim world within the context of the socio-cultural and politico-legal approaches for promoting and protecting human rights generally. Relevant academic and policy oriented examples, especially in relation to promoting women's rights in the Muslim world, are cited to substantiate this position.","PeriodicalId":35445,"journal":{"name":"Muslim World Journal of Human Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2202/1554-4419.1117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68675181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
Dual Subordination: Muslim Sexuality in Secular and Religious Legal Discourse in India 双重从属:印度世俗与宗教法律话语中的穆斯林性取向
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2007-01-18 DOI: 10.2202/1554-4419.1111
Aziza Ahmed
Muslim women and Muslim members of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) community face a specific form of dual subordination in relation to their gender and sexuality. A Muslim woman might seek solace from India's patriarchal religious judicial structures only to find that the secular system's patriarchal structures likewise aid in their subordination and create a space for new forms of such subordination. Similarly, a marginalized LGBT Muslim might attempt to reject an oppressive religious formulation only to come to find that the secular Indian state might criminalize a particular form of sexuality. This analysis explores how Indian laws "give meaning" to sexuality through the legal structures manifested by state and religious regulatory bodies and argues that both religious and state legal institutions need to be reformed to create a legal environment that furthers rather than inhibits a full realization of sexual rights.
穆斯林女性和女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和变性人(LGBT)群体的穆斯林成员在性别和性取向方面面临着一种特殊形式的双重从属关系。一个穆斯林妇女可能会从印度的父权制宗教司法结构中寻求安慰,结果却发现世俗制度的父权制结构同样有助于她们的从属地位,并为这种从属地位的新形式创造了空间。同样,一个被边缘化的LGBT穆斯林可能会试图拒绝一种压迫性的宗教形式,结果却发现世俗的印度国家可能会将某种特定形式的性行为定为犯罪。本分析探讨了印度法律如何通过国家和宗教监管机构所体现的法律结构“赋予”性的意义,并认为宗教和国家法律机构都需要改革,以创造一个促进而不是抑制性权利充分实现的法律环境。
{"title":"Dual Subordination: Muslim Sexuality in Secular and Religious Legal Discourse in India","authors":"Aziza Ahmed","doi":"10.2202/1554-4419.1111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1554-4419.1111","url":null,"abstract":"Muslim women and Muslim members of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) community face a specific form of dual subordination in relation to their gender and sexuality. A Muslim woman might seek solace from India's patriarchal religious judicial structures only to find that the secular system's patriarchal structures likewise aid in their subordination and create a space for new forms of such subordination. Similarly, a marginalized LGBT Muslim might attempt to reject an oppressive religious formulation only to come to find that the secular Indian state might criminalize a particular form of sexuality. This analysis explores how Indian laws \"give meaning\" to sexuality through the legal structures manifested by state and religious regulatory bodies and argues that both religious and state legal institutions need to be reformed to create a legal environment that furthers rather than inhibits a full realization of sexual rights.","PeriodicalId":35445,"journal":{"name":"Muslim World Journal of Human Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2202/1554-4419.1111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68674561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Islam and the European Project 伊斯兰教与欧洲计划
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2007-01-18 DOI: 10.2202/1554-4419.1112
Katherine Cavanaugh
There exists a limited pluralist model of regulating or `managing' religious diversity in contemporary Europe. This pluralist model, however, is in contrast to the limitations that appear at the state level, which reflect an increasingly illiberal, secular Europe. Such contrast stems historically from tensions that exist between the national and transnational aspects of the model itself, but it also reflects the emerging debates on religious pluralism and the democratic state. With the settlement of post-colonial migrants (with Muslims constituting a large majority) a public debate on the role of religion in Europe has resurfaced as these communities exist outside the historical formation of Western church-state relations and are challenging the very underpinning of what comprises a `liberal' democratic state. In particular, it is the role of Islam in secular Europe that frames several questions in this debate: to what extent is it necessary to regulate religious freedoms in the `public sphere' in order to protect the democratic state? What restrictions on minority religions should be considered `necessary in a democratic society’ and what limitations should be placed on state interference in minority religions as protection against the undue influence of a dominant social group? Against this backdrop, this article explores the historical social formation of religious pluralism in the European context and examines the legal and political frameworks at the national and regional levels to `regulate' diversity.
在当代欧洲,存在着一种有限的调节或“管理”宗教多样性的多元主义模式。然而,这种多元主义模式与出现在国家层面的限制形成了鲜明对比,后者反映了一个日益狭隘的世俗欧洲。这种对比在历史上源于这种模式本身的国家和跨国方面之间存在的紧张关系,但它也反映了关于宗教多元化和民主国家的新兴辩论。随着后殖民移民的定居(穆斯林占绝大多数),一场关于宗教在欧洲角色的公开辩论重新浮出水面,因为这些社区存在于西方教会-国家关系的历史形成之外,并且正在挑战构成“自由”民主国家的基础。特别是,伊斯兰教在世俗欧洲的角色在这场辩论中构成了几个问题:为了保护民主国家,有必要在多大程度上规范“公共领域”的宗教自由?对少数宗教的哪些限制应该被认为是“民主社会中必要的”?为了防止主流社会群体的不当影响,国家对少数宗教的干预应该受到哪些限制?在此背景下,本文探讨了欧洲背景下宗教多元化的历史社会形成,并考察了国家和地区层面“规范”多样性的法律和政治框架。
{"title":"Islam and the European Project","authors":"Katherine Cavanaugh","doi":"10.2202/1554-4419.1112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1554-4419.1112","url":null,"abstract":"There exists a limited pluralist model of regulating or `managing' religious diversity in contemporary Europe. This pluralist model, however, is in contrast to the limitations that appear at the state level, which reflect an increasingly illiberal, secular Europe. Such contrast stems historically from tensions that exist between the national and transnational aspects of the model itself, but it also reflects the emerging debates on religious pluralism and the democratic state. With the settlement of post-colonial migrants (with Muslims constituting a large majority) a public debate on the role of religion in Europe has resurfaced as these communities exist outside the historical formation of Western church-state relations and are challenging the very underpinning of what comprises a `liberal' democratic state. In particular, it is the role of Islam in secular Europe that frames several questions in this debate: to what extent is it necessary to regulate religious freedoms in the `public sphere' in order to protect the democratic state? What restrictions on minority religions should be considered `necessary in a democratic society’ and what limitations should be placed on state interference in minority religions as protection against the undue influence of a dominant social group? Against this backdrop, this article explores the historical social formation of religious pluralism in the European context and examines the legal and political frameworks at the national and regional levels to `regulate' diversity.","PeriodicalId":35445,"journal":{"name":"Muslim World Journal of Human Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2202/1554-4419.1112","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68674760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Contemporary Iranian Feminism: Identity, Rights and Interpretations 当代伊朗女性主义:身份、权利与诠释
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2007-01-18 DOI: 10.2202/1554-4419.1118
Roja Fazaeli
In the last decade a body of literature has been written on the phenomenon of `Islamic Feminism,' which closely links it to a human rights discourse in Muslim countries. The term `Islamic Feminism' may seem a paradox, but by using Iran as a case study this article demonstrates that the idea of feminisms in Muslim societies, rather than being paradoxical, is actually a legitimate and potentially powerful force. In this paper Iranian feminists are categorized into four groups: Islamic state feminists, Islamic non-state feminists, Muslim feminists and secular feminists. Each group is differentiated according to their interpretations of fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence), their use of ijtihad (independent reasoning) and their relations to human rights and to the government. The novel concept of feminist dependency paradigm is also explored. The dependency paradigm investigates the multi-layered dependencies of the feminists to the state, to foreign funders, intellectuals, and to the family.
在过去的十年里,关于“伊斯兰女权主义”现象的文学作品已经出现,并将其与穆斯林国家的人权话语紧密联系在一起。“伊斯兰女权主义”一词看似自相矛盾,但本文以伊朗为例,证明穆斯林社会中的女权主义观念并非自相矛盾,而是一股合法且潜在的强大力量。本文将伊朗女权主义者分为四类:伊斯兰国家女权主义者、伊斯兰非国家女权主义者、穆斯林女权主义者和世俗女权主义者。每个群体根据他们对fiqh(伊斯兰法理学)的解释、他们对ijtihad(独立推理)的使用以及他们与人权和政府的关系来区分。本文还探讨了女性主义依赖范式的新概念。依赖范式研究了女权主义者对国家、外国资助者、知识分子和家庭的多层次依赖。
{"title":"Contemporary Iranian Feminism: Identity, Rights and Interpretations","authors":"Roja Fazaeli","doi":"10.2202/1554-4419.1118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1554-4419.1118","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decade a body of literature has been written on the phenomenon of `Islamic Feminism,' which closely links it to a human rights discourse in Muslim countries. The term `Islamic Feminism' may seem a paradox, but by using Iran as a case study this article demonstrates that the idea of feminisms in Muslim societies, rather than being paradoxical, is actually a legitimate and potentially powerful force. In this paper Iranian feminists are categorized into four groups: Islamic state feminists, Islamic non-state feminists, Muslim feminists and secular feminists. Each group is differentiated according to their interpretations of fiqh (Islamic Jurisprudence), their use of ijtihad (independent reasoning) and their relations to human rights and to the government. The novel concept of feminist dependency paradigm is also explored. The dependency paradigm investigates the multi-layered dependencies of the feminists to the state, to foreign funders, intellectuals, and to the family.","PeriodicalId":35445,"journal":{"name":"Muslim World Journal of Human Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2202/1554-4419.1118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68674724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Economic Sanctions on Iraq: Tool for Peace, or Travesty? 对伊经济制裁:和平工具还是嘲弄?
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2007-01-18 DOI: 10.2202/1554-4419.1108
S. Zurbrigg
Despite triggering one of the largest civilian death tolls in modern history, the policy and human consequences of economic sanctions on Iraq between 1990-2003 remain largely unexamined. This lack of scrutiny mirrors the euphemism and mis-information surrounding the embargo itself and the Oil-for-Food (OfF) program ostensibly adopted to protect Iraq's civilian population. But it also reflects incomprehension among Western publics - long removed from the realities of hunger and economic destitution - of the intimate link between economic conditions and mortality. Iraq suffered an estimated 1.5 million excess deaths because of a catastrophic undermining of civilian livelihood triggered by the embargo; an outcome termed slow famine in the demographic literature. With much of the population fully dependent on daily food rations of less than 21 cents per person for much of the sanctions period, OfF `relief' was inherently incapable of substituting for a functioning civil economy. Recent positive accounts of the impact of OfF, in the form of the Independent Inquiry Committee into the Oil-for-Food Program (Volcker Report), are refuted by close analysis of malnutrition and mortality rates across the sanctions period. The example of Iraq reveals the danger in treating economic sanctions as a cheap, `non-violent' tool for conflict resolution. In reality their deadly power is terrorizing for societies not protected from their application by permanent member status on the UN Security Council, a threat which continues to generate global insecurity. The Iraq experience reveals how current, narrowly framed, international law prohibitions on starvation as a weapon of war need to be extended to cover interference with civilian livelihood and hence access to food.
尽管造成了现代历史上最大的平民死亡人数之一,但1990年至2003年期间对伊拉克的经济制裁的政策和人类后果在很大程度上仍未得到审查。这种缺乏审查反映了围绕禁运本身的委婉语和错误信息,以及表面上为保护伊拉克平民而采取的石油换食品(OfF)计划。但这也反映了西方公众对经济状况和死亡率之间的密切联系的不理解,他们长期以来一直无视饥饿和经济贫困的现实。由于禁运对平民生计造成灾难性破坏,伊拉克估计多死亡150万人;这种结果在人口统计学文献中被称为缓慢饥荒。在制裁期间的大部分时间里,大部分人口完全依赖每人每天不到21美分的粮食配给,因此,OfF的“救济”本质上无法取代正常运转的民间经济。最近,石油换粮食方案独立调查委员会(沃尔克报告)对OfF的影响作出了积极的描述,但对整个制裁期间的营养不良和死亡率进行了仔细分析,驳斥了这一说法。伊拉克的例子揭示了将经济制裁作为解决冲突的廉价“非暴力”工具的危险。事实上,它们的致命力量对那些没有受到联合国安理会常任理事国地位保护的国家来说是恐怖的,这是一个继续产生全球不安全的威胁。伊拉克的经验表明,目前框架狭窄的国际法禁止将饥饿作为战争武器,这一禁令需要扩大,以涵盖对平民生计的干扰,从而包括对获取粮食的干扰。
{"title":"Economic Sanctions on Iraq: Tool for Peace, or Travesty?","authors":"S. Zurbrigg","doi":"10.2202/1554-4419.1108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1554-4419.1108","url":null,"abstract":"Despite triggering one of the largest civilian death tolls in modern history, the policy and human consequences of economic sanctions on Iraq between 1990-2003 remain largely unexamined. This lack of scrutiny mirrors the euphemism and mis-information surrounding the embargo itself and the Oil-for-Food (OfF) program ostensibly adopted to protect Iraq's civilian population. But it also reflects incomprehension among Western publics - long removed from the realities of hunger and economic destitution - of the intimate link between economic conditions and mortality. Iraq suffered an estimated 1.5 million excess deaths because of a catastrophic undermining of civilian livelihood triggered by the embargo; an outcome termed slow famine in the demographic literature. With much of the population fully dependent on daily food rations of less than 21 cents per person for much of the sanctions period, OfF `relief' was inherently incapable of substituting for a functioning civil economy. Recent positive accounts of the impact of OfF, in the form of the Independent Inquiry Committee into the Oil-for-Food Program (Volcker Report), are refuted by close analysis of malnutrition and mortality rates across the sanctions period. The example of Iraq reveals the danger in treating economic sanctions as a cheap, `non-violent' tool for conflict resolution. In reality their deadly power is terrorizing for societies not protected from their application by permanent member status on the UN Security Council, a threat which continues to generate global insecurity. The Iraq experience reveals how current, narrowly framed, international law prohibitions on starvation as a weapon of war need to be extended to cover interference with civilian livelihood and hence access to food.","PeriodicalId":35445,"journal":{"name":"Muslim World Journal of Human Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2202/1554-4419.1108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68674292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Review of Dominic McGoldrick's Human Rights and Religion: The Islamic Headscarf Debate in Europe 多米尼克·麦戈德里克的《人权与宗教:欧洲伊斯兰头巾之争》述评
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2007-01-18 DOI: 10.2202/1554-4419.1119
M. Monshipouri
This is a book review of Dominic McGoldrick's Human Rights and Religion: The Islamic Headscarf Debate in Europe, Portland, Oregon: Hart Publishing, 2006, pp. 309, Plus Index.
本文是对多米尼克·麦戈德里克的《人权与宗教:欧洲伊斯兰头巾之争》的书评,俄勒冈州波特兰:哈特出版社,2006年,第309页。
{"title":"A Review of Dominic McGoldrick's Human Rights and Religion: The Islamic Headscarf Debate in Europe","authors":"M. Monshipouri","doi":"10.2202/1554-4419.1119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1554-4419.1119","url":null,"abstract":"This is a book review of Dominic McGoldrick's Human Rights and Religion: The Islamic Headscarf Debate in Europe, Portland, Oregon: Hart Publishing, 2006, pp. 309, Plus Index.","PeriodicalId":35445,"journal":{"name":"Muslim World Journal of Human Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2202/1554-4419.1119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68674754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Transnational Muslim World, the Foundations and Origins of Human Rights, and Their Ongoing Intersections 跨国穆斯林世界,人权的基础和起源,以及他们正在进行的交叉
Q3 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2007-01-18 DOI: 10.2202/1554-4419.1110
A. Chase
To understand the Muslim world it is essential to see it in a transnational context that is informed by its heterogeneity, power contestations, and continuous change. To understand human rights' foundations and origins it is essential to grapple with its legal, political, normative, and institutional groundings, and bear in mind its ongoing reconfigurations and global impacts. Each of these tasks is illustrated by how movements for the rights of women and sexual minorities have come to impact on the transnational Muslim world and international human rights. This article explores each element within these complementary themes as a way of framing how and why the international human rights regime increasingly intersects with the Muslim world in a way that underpins challenges to authoritarian politics and the monolithic constructs of politics and society on which authoritarianism thrives.
要了解穆斯林世界,有必要把它放在一个跨国的背景下看,这个背景是由它的异质性、权力争夺和持续变化所决定的。要理解人权的基础和起源,就必须把握其法律、政治、规范和制度基础,并牢记其正在进行的重构和全球影响。妇女和性少数群体权利运动如何对跨国穆斯林世界和国际人权产生影响,说明了这些任务中的每一项。本文探讨了这些互补主题中的每一个要素,作为构建国际人权制度如何以及为什么越来越多地与穆斯林世界相交的一种方式,这种方式支撑着对威权政治的挑战,以及威权主义蓬勃发展的政治和社会的整体结构。
{"title":"The Transnational Muslim World, the Foundations and Origins of Human Rights, and Their Ongoing Intersections","authors":"A. Chase","doi":"10.2202/1554-4419.1110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2202/1554-4419.1110","url":null,"abstract":"To understand the Muslim world it is essential to see it in a transnational context that is informed by its heterogeneity, power contestations, and continuous change. To understand human rights' foundations and origins it is essential to grapple with its legal, political, normative, and institutional groundings, and bear in mind its ongoing reconfigurations and global impacts. Each of these tasks is illustrated by how movements for the rights of women and sexual minorities have come to impact on the transnational Muslim world and international human rights. This article explores each element within these complementary themes as a way of framing how and why the international human rights regime increasingly intersects with the Muslim world in a way that underpins challenges to authoritarian politics and the monolithic constructs of politics and society on which authoritarianism thrives.","PeriodicalId":35445,"journal":{"name":"Muslim World Journal of Human Rights","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2202/1554-4419.1110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68674382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
期刊
Muslim World Journal of Human Rights
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1