The Language of Food in Japanese最新文献

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Introduction to the volume 本卷简介

The Language of Food in Japanese

Pub Date : 2022-02-15 DOI: 10.1075/celcr.25.int

K. Toratani

There is little question that COVID-19 has had profound implications for the care and education of young children as well as work with their families. This volume gathers together the informed perspectives of researchers in the field as they have struggled to understand and address the many challenges associated with a worldwide health pandemic. The chapter begins with a brief explanation of how the project originated and the process of identifying contributors for the chapters. Next, it examines the unique contributions made by a compilation of original research specific to the impact of COVID-19 on the field of early childhood education and care (ECEC). As the title of the book suggests, the 25 assembled chapters offer keen professional insights from an international team of teachers/scholars who have dealt directly with the complex issues brought about by this life-threatening illness;adapted to drastic measures implemented to contain the disease;and attempted to normalize the lives of children, families, and early childhood personnel despite major—and sometimes devastating—changes to the lives that they led previously. The introduction then provides a synopsis of the book’s content that is clustered into five different themes, each consisting of four or more chapters. It closes with some observations about the long-term consequences that this persistent virus and its variants have inflicted upon human beings, especially those highly vulnerable individuals in the early childhood phase, defined as infancy up to and including 8 years of age. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

毫无疑问，2019冠状病毒病对幼儿的照顾和教育以及与家人的合作产生了深远影响。本卷汇集了该领域研究人员的知情观点，因为他们一直在努力理解和解决与全球卫生大流行相关的许多挑战。本章首先简要解释了项目的起源和确定章节贡献者的过程。接下来，它审查了针对COVID-19对幼儿教育和护理领域影响的原始研究汇编所作的独特贡献。正如书名所示，25个章节汇集在一起，提供了一个由教师/学者组成的国际团队敏锐的专业见解，他们直接处理这种危及生命的疾病带来的复杂问题;适应了为控制疾病而实施的激烈措施;并试图使儿童、家庭和幼儿人员的生活正常化，尽管他们以前的生活发生了重大(有时是毁灭性的)变化。然后，引言提供了本书内容的概要，该概要分为五个不同的主题，每个主题由四个或更多章节组成。报告最后对这种持续存在的病毒及其变种对人类造成的长期后果进行了一些观察，特别是那些处于幼儿阶段(定义为婴儿期至8岁及包括8岁)的高度脆弱个体。©2022，作者获得施普林格自然瑞士股份有限公司的独家授权。

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引用次数: 0

Chapter 1. The language of food in Japanese through a linguistic lens 第1章。从语言学的角度看日语中的食物语言

The Language of Food in Japanese

Pub Date : 2022-02-15 DOI: 10.1075/celcr.25.01tsu

Natsuko Tsujimura

引用次数: 0

Chapter 3. The sound-symbolic effects of consonants on food texture 第三章。辅音对食物质感的声音象征作用

The Language of Food in Japanese

Pub Date : 2022-02-15 DOI: 10.1075/celcr.25.03kum

Gakuji Kumagai, Ryoko Uno, K. Shinohara

引用次数: 0

Chapter 7. Clear is sweet 第七章。清澈是甜蜜的

The Language of Food in Japanese

Pub Date : 2022-02-15 DOI: 10.1075/celcr.25.07fuk

Hiroki Fukushima

引用次数: 0

Chapter 10. Motion expressions in Japanese wine-tasting descriptions 第十章。日本品酒描述中的动作表达

The Language of Food in Japanese

Pub Date : 2022-02-15 DOI: 10.1075/celcr.25.10yos

Y. Yoshinari

引用次数: 0

Chapter 11. Applying force dynamics to analyze taste descriptions in Japanese online columns 第十一章。运用力动力学分析日语在线专栏的口味描述

The Language of Food in Japanese

Pub Date : 2022-02-15 DOI: 10.1075/celcr.25.11abe

Sayaka Abe

引用次数: 0

Chapter 4. Innovative binomial adjectives in Japanese food descriptions and beyond 第四章。日本食物描述中创新的二项式形容词

The Language of Food in Japanese

Pub Date : 2022-02-15 DOI: 10.1075/celcr.25.04aki

K. Akita, Keiko Murasugi

引用次数: 1

Chapter 5. Verbs of eating 第五章。吃的动词

The Language of Food in Japanese

Pub Date : 2022-02-15 DOI: 10.1075/celcr.25.05yam

Toshiko Yamaguchi

引用次数: 0

Chapter 9. Verbs of seasoning in Japanese, with special reference to the locative alternation in English 第9章。日语中的调味动词，特别参考英语中的位置交替

The Language of Food in Japanese

Pub Date : 2022-02-15 DOI: 10.1075/celcr.25.09non

Daisuke Nonaka

引用次数: 0

Chapter 6. Naturalization of the Japanese loanword sushi in English 第六章。日语外来词sushi在英语中的归化

The Language of Food in Japanese

Pub Date : 2022-02-15 DOI: 10.1075/celcr.25.06tor

K. Toratani

Japanese ranks very high among the non-Indo-European languages that provide loanwords to English (Durkin 2014: 25). The naturalization process of Japanese loanwords in English is explained by Doi (2014) in a three-stage scale, with “totally foreign” at one end and “fully incorporated” at the other. While Doi’s scale offers a refined generalization of the process of naturalization, it is based on examples from the Oxford English Dictionary (OED). Therefore, it is by no means certain that the scale can be extended to account for the patterns of loanwords outside the OED examples. To answer this question, this paper focuses on a Japanese loanword sushi. It examines its characteristics using iWeb corpus (Davies 2018) and a Google web search. Doi (2014) identifies three stages distinguished by morphological and semantic characteristics. In Stage 1, the loanword accompanies a paraphrase as in “sushi or rice sandwiches” (an 1893 citation in OED). In Stage 2, the loanword occupies the attributive slot of a compound (e.g. sushi bar). In Stage 3, the loanword involves a semantic change (e.g. sushi ‘vinegar-flavored rice with fish/vegetables’ > ‘raw fish’ for some speakers) or occurs with an affix (e.g. the plural marker (sushis)), evaluated as evidence for “productivity”. These criteria, however, leave out two types of web data. One is the case where sushi is used in a phrase or sentence as-is (e.g. flavor of the sushi; you can order sushi ...), and these appearances constitute approximately 80% of the iWeb corpus data. The web search also reveals that sushi can be part of a unique construction: e.g. appearing in a snowclone, X is the new Y, as in Sushi is the new pizza., or in an Internet meme (cf. Dancygier and Vandelanotte 2017), One Does Not Simply ..., as in One Does Not Simply Make Sushi (https://makeameme.org/). The other is the case where sushi develops a nomenclatural network in a ‘restaurant frame’ (cf. Coulson 2006): sushi has a subset category, sushi rolls, which continues to expand membership by adding new dish names (Volcano roll, Samurai roll, etc.); or sushi creates new food names via blending (e.g. Fauconnier and Turner 1998) (sushi donuts or doshi [donut-shaped sushi] etc.). To consider data beyond OED, a more flexible and encompassing model of the naturalization process is called for. This paper proposes a preliminary model, which considers different factors that can interact with each other (e.g. morphological, word-network development). It also assumes a layered model, which permits co-existence of “old layers” and “new layers” (Hopper 1987: 159). Examination of other loanwords would offer insight into how the process of naturalization can be more appropriately modeled for Japanese loanwords in English and loanwords in general.

日语在为英语提供外来词的非印欧语言中排名非常高(Durkin 2014: 25)。Doi(2014)将日语外来词在英语中的归化过程分为三个阶段，一端是“完全外来”，另一端是“完全融入”。虽然Doi的量表提供了归化过程的精细概括，但它是基于牛津英语词典(OED)中的例子。因此，不能肯定的是，这个尺度可以扩展到解释《牛津英语词典》范例之外的外来词的模式。为了回答这个问题，本文将重点放在一个日语外来词sushi上。它使用iWeb语料库(Davies 2018)和b谷歌网络搜索来检查其特征。Doi(2014)通过形态和语义特征区分了三个阶段。在第一阶段，外来词伴随着释义，如“寿司或米饭三明治”(1893年《牛津英语词典》中的引文)。在第二阶段，外来词占据复合词的定语槽(如sushi bar)。在第三阶段，外来词涉及语义变化(例如，sushi是“鱼/蔬菜味的醋味米饭”，>是“生鱼”)或与词缀一起出现(例如，复数标记(sushis))，被评估为“生产力”的证据。然而，这些标准忽略了两种类型的网络数据。一种情况是寿司按原样在短语或句子中使用(例如:寿司的味道;您可以点寿司…)，这些外观大约占iWeb语料库数据的80%。网络搜索还显示，寿司可以是一个独特结构的一部分:例如，出现在雪克隆中，X是新的Y，就像寿司是新的披萨一样。，或者在网络梗中(参见Dancygier和Vandelanotte 2017)，一个人不只是……，如《一个人不简单地做寿司》(https://makeameme.org/)。另一种情况是，寿司在“餐厅框架”中发展了一个命名网络(参见Coulson 2006):寿司有一个子集，寿司卷，它通过添加新的菜肴名称(火山卷，武士卷等)继续扩大会员;或者寿司通过混合创造新的食物名称(例如Fauconnier和Turner 1998)(寿司甜甜圈或doshi[甜甜圈形状的寿司]等)。为了考虑OED以外的数据，需要一种更灵活和更全面的归化过程模型。本文提出了一个初步的模型，该模型考虑了可以相互作用的不同因素(如词形、词网络发展)。它还假设了一个分层模型，允许“旧层”和“新层”共存(Hopper 1987: 159)。对其他外来词的考察将有助于了解如何将日语外来词的归化过程更恰当地建模为英语和一般的外来词。

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