Planting Nymphoides peltata may deteriorate sediment quality in terms of organic content through increase the supply of organic materials. Because breakwaters are often constructed at the planting of N. peltata, changing wave action may also alter the sediment quality. To examine the possible effect of N. peltata plantation, we analyzed the quality of sediments on both the landward and offshore sides of the breakwaters. Surface sediments sampled from the landward side of the breakwaters, where plantation of N. peltata had operated and disappeared afterwards, showed higher contents of fine particles, organic carbons and total sulfur compared to the offshore side. Surface sediments sampled from the landward side of the breakwaters, where natural populations of N. peltata had been remaining showed equivalent contents of fine particles, organic carbons and total sulfur with that of the offshore side s. Since the breakwaters constructed at the area where natural populations of N. peltata exist had wide openings, we assumed that these areas experienced less effects brought about by the breakwaters. Keyword:Core sediment, total sulfur, organic carbon, total nitrogen, silt clay content (2015年4月7日受付:2015年5月8日受理)
{"title":"Sediment signature inside and outside of breakwaters at the planting area with Nymphoides peltata in Lake Kasumigaura","authors":"Y. Kamogawa, M. Yamamuro","doi":"10.3739/RIKUSUI.77.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3739/RIKUSUI.77.39","url":null,"abstract":"Planting Nymphoides peltata may deteriorate sediment quality in terms of organic content through increase the supply of organic materials. Because breakwaters are often constructed at the planting of N. peltata, changing wave action may also alter the sediment quality. To examine the possible effect of N. peltata plantation, we analyzed the quality of sediments on both the landward and offshore sides of the breakwaters. Surface sediments sampled from the landward side of the breakwaters, where plantation of N. peltata had operated and disappeared afterwards, showed higher contents of fine particles, organic carbons and total sulfur compared to the offshore side. Surface sediments sampled from the landward side of the breakwaters, where natural populations of N. peltata had been remaining showed equivalent contents of fine particles, organic carbons and total sulfur with that of the offshore side s. Since the breakwaters constructed at the area where natural populations of N. peltata exist had wide openings, we assumed that these areas experienced less effects brought about by the breakwaters. Keyword:Core sediment, total sulfur, organic carbon, total nitrogen, silt clay content (2015年4月7日受付:2015年5月8日受理)","PeriodicalId":35602,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Limnology","volume":"77 1","pages":"39-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69926312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Kamiya, Shogo Sugahara, Y. Saga, Y. Nojiri, Toshiaki Esumi, T. Godo, H. Ohshiro
The release of nitrogen and phosphorus from sediments at high water temperatures was studied by taking weekly measurements at Lake Shinji, a brackish lake in Japan. A severe phosphorus release was observed at high temperatures from August to September. On the other hand, a nitrogen release was observed in July, but not from August to September when the water temperature was higher. Lower nitrite-nitrogen and nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in the water during high water temperature period suggest that the effect of denitrification was minute. The results showed that nitrogen release from sediments in the lake occurs earlier in the year than the phosphorus release.
{"title":"Release of nitrogen and phosphorus from sediments observed during a high-frequency field study in brackish Lake Shinji","authors":"H. Kamiya, Shogo Sugahara, Y. Saga, Y. Nojiri, Toshiaki Esumi, T. Godo, H. Ohshiro","doi":"10.3739/RIKUSUI.77.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3739/RIKUSUI.77.305","url":null,"abstract":"The release of nitrogen and phosphorus from sediments at high water temperatures was studied by taking weekly measurements at Lake Shinji, a brackish lake in Japan. A severe phosphorus release was observed at high temperatures from August to September. On the other hand, a nitrogen release was observed in July, but not from August to September when the water temperature was higher. Lower nitrite-nitrogen and nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in the water during high water temperature period suggest that the effect of denitrification was minute. The results showed that nitrogen release from sediments in the lake occurs earlier in the year than the phosphorus release.","PeriodicalId":35602,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Limnology","volume":"77 1","pages":"305-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69925871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Kamiya, Shogo Sugahara, Y. Saga, S. Sato, Y. Nojiri, Toshiaki Esumi, M. Kishi, A. Fujihara, T. Godo, H. Ohshiro
Calculating the change of stock of each month of the nitrogen in Lake Shinji, a brackish lagoon in Japan, it is assumed that TN is released from the sediment. This relationship has not been observed for the mean water temperature and TN release from the sediment. With respect to TN in Lake Shinji, a significant release from the sediment was not seen in the summer, which was observed for TP, but the effect of the TN concentration in River Hii was large as compared to the TN concentration of Lake Shinji. As for TN content in Lake Shinji, a correlation between the TN concentration of River Hii of the same month was observed ( r = 0.57, p < 0.001 ) . Nitrogen mass balance for 19 years was calculated. The percentage of annual deposition of TN to the TN inflow was in the range of -4.2 to 38.4%, and 19.8% on average. We calculated the average annual value balance of TN and TP for 19 years. For TN, 1480 t flowed in, 1170 t flowed out, and 310 t settled in the Lake Shinji, and for TP, 134 t flowed in, 106 t flowed out, and 28 t had settled in Lake Shinji. Settling TN/TP ratio was 10.7, which was 11.4 for an annual average TN/TP ratio of Lake Shinji.
{"title":"Nitrogen mass balance and river concentration dependence in the stock in brackish Lake Shinji","authors":"H. Kamiya, Shogo Sugahara, Y. Saga, S. Sato, Y. Nojiri, Toshiaki Esumi, M. Kishi, A. Fujihara, T. Godo, H. Ohshiro","doi":"10.3739/RIKUSUI.77.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3739/RIKUSUI.77.47","url":null,"abstract":"Calculating the change of stock of each month of the nitrogen in Lake Shinji, a brackish lagoon in Japan, it is assumed that TN is released from the sediment. This relationship has not been observed for the mean water temperature and TN release from the sediment. With respect to TN in Lake Shinji, a significant release from the sediment was not seen in the summer, which was observed for TP, but the effect of the TN concentration in River Hii was large as compared to the TN concentration of Lake Shinji. As for TN content in Lake Shinji, a correlation between the TN concentration of River Hii of the same month was observed ( r = 0.57, p < 0.001 ) . Nitrogen mass balance for 19 years was calculated. The percentage of annual deposition of TN to the TN inflow was in the range of -4.2 to 38.4%, and 19.8% on average. We calculated the average annual value balance of TN and TP for 19 years. For TN, 1480 t flowed in, 1170 t flowed out, and 310 t settled in the Lake Shinji, and for TP, 134 t flowed in, 106 t flowed out, and 28 t had settled in Lake Shinji. Settling TN/TP ratio was 10.7, which was 11.4 for an annual average TN/TP ratio of Lake Shinji.","PeriodicalId":35602,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Limnology","volume":"77 1","pages":"47-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69926140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The monomictic Ishitegawa Reservoir (surface area: 0.50 km; total capacity: 1.28 × 10 m; mean retention time: 0.33 y) is located on the Ishite River (N 33 53 , E 132 50 ) in Ehime Prefecture, Japan. In this reservoir, summer chlorophyll a concentrations (Chl-a) have been observed to decrease gradually from year to year, but the cause remains unclear. To determine the cause, we first examined a monthly data set from January 1983 to January 2003 that contained measures of water temperature (WT), pH, Chl-a, total phosphorus and total nitrogen taken at 0.5 m water depth at the main station in the reservoir (Sta. R). We found two significant long-term linear regressions of pH against date: a positive relationship when pH≤ 8.10 (R = 0.099, p < 0.001, n = 123) and a negative relationship when pH > 8.10 (R = 0.164, p < 0.001, n = 118). This pattern was also found at a station near the head of the reservoir where river inflow occurs (Sta. H). Low pH ( ≤ 8.10) was observed mainly in the circulation period (October – March) and high pH (> 8.10) was found during times of stratification (April – September). Next, we examined the relationship of pH = 8.1 with other limnological parameters by using a monthly data set of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved oxygen, and main cation and anion concentrations from February 1993 to January 2003. Concentration of free CO2 (dissolved CO2 + H2CO3) was calculated from DIC, pH, WT and ionic strength by using the dissociation equations of carbonic acid. pH was negatively related to the log partial pressure of gaseous CO2 in equilibrium with free CO2 (R 2 = 0.968, p < 0.001, n = 120). At pH 8.1, free CO2 was in equilibrium with atmospheric CO2 (360 μatm partial pressure). Chl-a concentrations during the stratification period (pH > 8.10) decreased from year to year following the gradual decrease in the free CO2 concentration and the gradual increase in pH in the preceding circulation period. This data suggests that partial carbon limitation of phytoplankton growth may have occurred under high pH (> 8.10). In addition, plastic-coated sheet fences that were installed across the upper 5 m of the water column near Sta. H during several intervals in the study period formed a strong interflow of river water below the fences, and may have strengthened carbon limitation at Sta. R.
单体石川水库(面积0.50 km;总容量:1.28 × 10m;平均滞留时间:0.33 y)位于日本爱媛县石石河(北纬33 53，东经132 50)。该水库夏季叶绿素a浓度(Chl-a)呈逐年递减趋势，但其原因尚不清楚。为了确定原因，我们首先检查了1983年1月至2003年1月的月度数据集，其中包含水库主站0.5 m水深的水温(WT)、pH、Chl-a、总磷和总氮的测量值。我们发现pH与日期有两个显著的长期线性回归:当pH≤8.10时呈正相关(R = 0.099, p < 0.001, n = 123)，当pH≤8.10时呈负相关(R = 0.164, p < 0.001, n = 118)。这种模式也出现在水库源头附近的一个站点，那里有河流流入(Sta。低pH值(≤8.10)主要出现在环流期(10 ~ 3月)，高pH值(> 8.10)出现在分层期(4 ~ 9月)。接下来，我们利用1993年2月至2003年1月的溶解无机碳(DIC)、溶解氧和主要阳离子和阴离子浓度的月度数据集，研究了pH = 8.1与其他湖泊参数的关系。根据碳酸解离方程，通过DIC、pH、WT和离子强度计算游离CO2(溶解CO2 + H2CO3)浓度。pH值与气态CO2与游离CO2平衡的对数分压呈负相关(r2 = 0.968, p < 0.001, n = 120)。在pH 8.1时，游离CO2与大气CO2 (360 μatm分压)处于平衡状态。分层期Chl-a浓度(pH > 8.10)随前期环流期游离CO2浓度的逐渐降低和pH的逐渐升高而逐年降低。这些数据表明，浮游植物生长的部分碳限制可能发生在高pH值(> 8.10)下。此外，在Sta附近的水柱上方5米处安装了塑料涂层板围栏。H在研究期间的几个间隔形成了栅栏下河水的强互流，可能加强了Sta的碳限制。R。
{"title":"Long-term monitoring of water quality in the monomictic Ishitegawa reservoir indicates carbon limitation","authors":"H. Kagawa, H. Hirotani, Masayoshi Mori","doi":"10.3739/RIKUSUI.76.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3739/RIKUSUI.76.111","url":null,"abstract":"The monomictic Ishitegawa Reservoir (surface area: 0.50 km; total capacity: 1.28 × 10 m; mean retention time: 0.33 y) is located on the Ishite River (N 33 53 , E 132 50 ) in Ehime Prefecture, Japan. In this reservoir, summer chlorophyll a concentrations (Chl-a) have been observed to decrease gradually from year to year, but the cause remains unclear. To determine the cause, we first examined a monthly data set from January 1983 to January 2003 that contained measures of water temperature (WT), pH, Chl-a, total phosphorus and total nitrogen taken at 0.5 m water depth at the main station in the reservoir (Sta. R). We found two significant long-term linear regressions of pH against date: a positive relationship when pH≤ 8.10 (R = 0.099, p < 0.001, n = 123) and a negative relationship when pH > 8.10 (R = 0.164, p < 0.001, n = 118). This pattern was also found at a station near the head of the reservoir where river inflow occurs (Sta. H). Low pH ( ≤ 8.10) was observed mainly in the circulation period (October – March) and high pH (> 8.10) was found during times of stratification (April – September). Next, we examined the relationship of pH = 8.1 with other limnological parameters by using a monthly data set of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved oxygen, and main cation and anion concentrations from February 1993 to January 2003. Concentration of free CO2 (dissolved CO2 + H2CO3) was calculated from DIC, pH, WT and ionic strength by using the dissociation equations of carbonic acid. pH was negatively related to the log partial pressure of gaseous CO2 in equilibrium with free CO2 (R 2 = 0.968, p < 0.001, n = 120). At pH 8.1, free CO2 was in equilibrium with atmospheric CO2 (360 μatm partial pressure). Chl-a concentrations during the stratification period (pH > 8.10) decreased from year to year following the gradual decrease in the free CO2 concentration and the gradual increase in pH in the preceding circulation period. This data suggests that partial carbon limitation of phytoplankton growth may have occurred under high pH (> 8.10). In addition, plastic-coated sheet fences that were installed across the upper 5 m of the water column near Sta. H during several intervals in the study period formed a strong interflow of river water below the fences, and may have strengthened carbon limitation at Sta. R.","PeriodicalId":35602,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Limnology","volume":"76 1","pages":"111-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69924632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to clarify the possible effects of organic matter originating from asaza (Nymphoides peltata) and reed (Phragmites australis) on water quality. Leaves and petioles of asaza and leaves and stems of reed are used. The experiment was carried out for a period of 100 days, and controlled at a temperature of 20°C in dark. The amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved oxygen was measured periodically during the course of the experiment. Two main sources of water were used for the experiment, Milli-Q water and water taken from Lake Teganuma. The results of fractionation is used to evaluate the composition of DOC. DOC supplied per plant carbon after 100 days in Milli-Q and lake water was 43.4±1.54 mg C g C and 43.7±1.51 mg C g C for leaf and stem of reed. Those of the petiole of asaza was 17.7±2.76 mg C g C・73.0±1.89 mg C g C, the latter was more than four times larger than former. The leaf of asaza supplied DOC with 163±5.4 mg C g C in Milli-Q water and 267 ± 7.5 mg C g C in lake water. Considering the lake water exposed condition, it was observed that asaza leaves displayed 6 times more DOC than the reeds; for a period of 100 days, and asaza petiole displayed nearly double of the reeds. Comparing the samples in terms of their DOC fractions revealed distinct differences between the samples. For reeds, it was determined that both the hydrophilic and hydrophobic acid fractions together make up 96.4% of total DOC. For the case of asaza, in terms of the DOC fraction, the petiole consisted mainly of hydrophobic acid, about 48.4% of total DOC, while the leaves consisted mainly of the hydrophilic fraction having a value of 46.2% total DOC. Keyword: purification of water quality, COD, refractory organic matter, trihalomethanes formation potential 摘 要 湖岸もしくは湖岸近傍で前年に成長・枯死したヨシやアサザから供給される溶存有機物と酸素消費が 湖沼水質に与える影響を見積もるため,20°C・100 日間・暗条件での分解・溶出実験を Milli-Q 水と手賀 沼湖水を用いて行った。また溶存有機物の分画も行った。100 日後に得られた濃度から計算した植物体
本研究旨在阐明芦苇(Phragmites australis)和芦苇(Nymphoides peltata)有机质对水质的可能影响。使用芦苇的叶子和叶柄，芦苇的叶子和茎。实验为期100天，控制在20℃的黑暗环境下。在实验过程中定期测定溶解有机碳(DOC)和溶解氧的含量。实验中使用了两种主要的水源，milliq水和Teganuma湖的水。分馏结果用于评价DOC的组成。芦苇叶片和茎部100 d后每株碳的DOC供给量分别为43.4±1.54 mg C - g - C和43.7±1.51 mg C - g - C。叶柄的C - g - C含量为17.7±2.76 mg C - g - C·73.0±1.89 mg C - g - C，后者是前者的4倍以上。无尾草叶片在ml - q水中提供163±5.4 mg C - g - C，在湖水中提供267±7.5 mg C - g - C。在湖水暴露条件下，草叶的DOC是芦苇的6倍;在100天的时间里，无刺草的叶柄几乎显示出芦苇的两倍。比较样品在他们的DOC分数方面显示了样品之间的明显差异。对芦苇来说，亲水和疏水酸组分共占总DOC的96.4%。无尾草的DOC组分中，叶柄以疏水性酸为主，约占总DOC的48.4%，叶片以亲水性酸为主，占总DOC的46.2%。关键词:水质净化、鳕鱼、耐火有机质、三卤甲烷形成潜在摘要湖岸もしくは湖岸近傍で前年に成長・枯死したヨシやアサザから供給される溶存有機物と酸素消費が湖沼水質に与える影響を見積もるため,20°C・100日間・暗条件での分解・溶出実験をMilli-Q水と手賀沼湖水を用いて行った。【中文译文】100个英文单词
{"title":"Amount of organic carbon and its fractionation dissolved from Nymphoides peltata and Phragmites australis","authors":"T. Uehara, M. Yamamuro","doi":"10.3739/RIKUSUI.76.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3739/RIKUSUI.76.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to clarify the possible effects of organic matter originating from asaza (Nymphoides peltata) and reed (Phragmites australis) on water quality. Leaves and petioles of asaza and leaves and stems of reed are used. The experiment was carried out for a period of 100 days, and controlled at a temperature of 20°C in dark. The amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved oxygen was measured periodically during the course of the experiment. Two main sources of water were used for the experiment, Milli-Q water and water taken from Lake Teganuma. The results of fractionation is used to evaluate the composition of DOC. DOC supplied per plant carbon after 100 days in Milli-Q and lake water was 43.4±1.54 mg C g C and 43.7±1.51 mg C g C for leaf and stem of reed. Those of the petiole of asaza was 17.7±2.76 mg C g C・73.0±1.89 mg C g C, the latter was more than four times larger than former. The leaf of asaza supplied DOC with 163±5.4 mg C g C in Milli-Q water and 267 ± 7.5 mg C g C in lake water. Considering the lake water exposed condition, it was observed that asaza leaves displayed 6 times more DOC than the reeds; for a period of 100 days, and asaza petiole displayed nearly double of the reeds. Comparing the samples in terms of their DOC fractions revealed distinct differences between the samples. For reeds, it was determined that both the hydrophilic and hydrophobic acid fractions together make up 96.4% of total DOC. For the case of asaza, in terms of the DOC fraction, the petiole consisted mainly of hydrophobic acid, about 48.4% of total DOC, while the leaves consisted mainly of the hydrophilic fraction having a value of 46.2% total DOC. Keyword: purification of water quality, COD, refractory organic matter, trihalomethanes formation potential 摘 要 湖岸もしくは湖岸近傍で前年に成長・枯死したヨシやアサザから供給される溶存有機物と酸素消費が 湖沼水質に与える影響を見積もるため,20°C・100 日間・暗条件での分解・溶出実験を Milli-Q 水と手賀 沼湖水を用いて行った。また溶存有機物の分画も行った。100 日後に得られた濃度から計算した植物体","PeriodicalId":35602,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Limnology","volume":"76 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69924577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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