Raynaud’s phenomenon is a symptom complex manifested as intermittent fingertip ischemia caused by cold or other sympathetic drivers. Secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon is often more severe and could even lead to finger ulceration, making it particularly complicated to treat. We describe a case of severe Raynaud’s phenomenon secondary to subclinical hypothyroidism lasting for more than 6 hours in a 65-year-old woman. The patient was also diagnosed with hypothyroidism, epilepsy, and secondary soft tissue infection of the right middle and ring fingers. After careful multidisciplinary consultation and discussion, the patient received vasodilation, anticoagulation, thyroxine supplementation, stellate ganglion block, hyperbaric oxygen therapy and debridement. The patient responded well to the medication, avoiding amputation or obviously dysfunction. Multidisciplinary team gathering the doctors from different departments proposes appropriate strategies for patients with severe Raynaud’s phenomenon and could improve the prognosis and satisfaction of patient effectively.
{"title":"Multidisciplinary Treatment for Severe Secondary Raynaud’s Phenomenon: A Case Report","authors":"Cuibo Leng , Guanjun Lin , Hong Cao , Zijia Liu","doi":"10.24920/004078","DOIUrl":"10.24920/004078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Raynaud’s phenomenon is a symptom complex manifested as intermittent fingertip ischemia caused by cold or other sympathetic drivers. Secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon is often more severe and could even lead to finger ulceration, making it particularly complicated to treat. We describe a case of severe Raynaud’s phenomenon secondary to subclinical hypothyroidism lasting for more than 6 hours in a 65-year-old woman. The patient was also diagnosed with hypothyroidism, epilepsy, and secondary soft tissue infection of the right middle and ring fingers. After careful multidisciplinary consultation and discussion, the patient received vasodilation, anticoagulation, thyroxine supplementation, stellate ganglion block, hyperbaric oxygen therapy and debridement. The patient responded well to the medication, avoiding amputation or obviously dysfunction. Multidisciplinary team gathering the doctors from different departments proposes appropriate strategies for patients with severe Raynaud’s phenomenon and could improve the prognosis and satisfaction of patient effectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9284131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To quantitatively evaluate the associations of infarct size, regional myocardial function examined by cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking (CMR-FT) strain analysis with infarct location in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention.
Methods
Cardiac magnetic resonance images were retrospectively analyzed in 95 consecutive STEMI patients with successful reperfusion. The patients were divided into the anterior wall myocardial infarction (AWMI) and nonanterior wall myocardial infarction (NAWMI) groups. Infarct characteristics were assessed by late gadolinium enhancement. Global and regional strains and associated strain rates in the radial, circumferential and longitudinal directions were assessed by CMR-FT based on standard cine images. The associations of infarct size, regional myocardial function examined by CMR-FT strain analysis with infarct location in STEMI patients were evaluated by the Spearman or Pearson method.
Results
There were 44 patients in the AWMI group and 51 in the NAWMI group. The extent of left ventricular enhanced mass was significantly larger in patients with AWMI compared with the NAWMI group (24.47+11.89, 21.06+12.08 %LV; t = 3.928, P = 0.008). In infarct zone analysis, strains in the radial, circumferential and longitudinal directions were remarkably declined in the AWMI group compared with the NAWMI group (z = -20.873, -20.918, -10.357, all P < 0.001). The volume (end-systolic volume index), total enhanced mass and extent of enhanced mass of the left ventricular were correlated best with infarct zone strain in the AWMI group (all P < 0.001).
Conclusion
In STEMI patients treated by percutaneous coronary intervention, myocardial damage is more extensive and regional myocardial function in the infarct zone is lower in the AWMI group compared with the NAWMI group.
{"title":"Associations of Infarct Size and Regional Myocardial Function Examined by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking Strain Analysis with the Infarct Location in Patients with Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction","authors":"Jianing Cui, Yanan Zhao, Wei Wang, Tao Li","doi":"10.24920/004060","DOIUrl":"10.24920/004060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To quantitatively evaluate the associations of infarct size, regional myocardial function examined by cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking (CMR-FT) strain analysis with infarct location in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Cardiac magnetic resonance images were retrospectively analyzed in 95 consecutive STEMI patients with successful reperfusion. The patients were divided into the anterior wall myocardial infarction (AWMI) and nonanterior wall myocardial infarction (NAWMI) groups. Infarct characteristics were assessed by late gadolinium enhancement. Global and regional strains and associated strain rates in the radial, circumferential and longitudinal directions were assessed by CMR-FT based on standard cine images. The associations of infarct size, regional myocardial function examined by CMR-FT strain analysis with infarct location in STEMI patients were evaluated by the <em>Spearman</em> or <em>Pearson</em> method.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were 44 patients in the AWMI group and 51 in the NAWMI group. The extent of left ventricular enhanced mass was significantly larger in patients with AWMI compared with the NAWMI group (24.47+11.89, 21.06+12.08 %LV; <em>t</em> = 3.928, <em>P</em> = 0.008). In infarct zone analysis, strains in the radial, circumferential and longitudinal directions were remarkably declined in the AWMI group compared with the NAWMI group (<em>z</em> = -20.873, -20.918, -10.357, all <em>P <</em> 0.001). The volume (end-systolic volume index), total enhanced mass and extent of enhanced mass of the left ventricular were correlated best with infarct zone strain in the AWMI group (all <em>P</em> < 0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In STEMI patients treated by percutaneous coronary intervention, myocardial damage is more extensive and regional myocardial function in the infarct zone is lower in the AWMI group compared with the NAWMI group.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9793075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Airway-related patient safety incident (PSI) has always been the top concern of anesthesiologists because this type of incidents could severely threaten patient safety if not treated immediately and properly. This study intends to reveal the composition, prognosis, and to identify risk factors for airway related incidents reported by anesthesiologists.
Methods
All airway related PSIs reported by anesthesiologists in a Chinese academic hospital between September 2009 and May 2022 were collected from the PSI reporting system. Patients with airway incidents reported were matched 1:1 with controls based on sex and type of surgery. Univariable and multivariable analysis were performed to find risk factors associated with airway incident occurrence, and to evaluate influence of airway PSIs on patient prognosis.
Results
Among 1,038 PSIs voluntarily reported by anesthesiologists during the study period, 281 cases (27.1 %) were airway-related incidents, with an overall reporting incidence of 4.74 per 10,000 among 592,884 anesthesia care episodes. Only ASA physical status was found to be significant independent predictor of these airway PSIs (P = 0.020). Patients with airway PSIs reported had longer extubation time (0.72 ± 1.56 d vs. 0.16 ± 0.77 d, 95%CI: 0.29 to 0.82, P < 0.001), longer ICU length of stay (LOS) (1.63 ± 5.71 d vs. 0.19 ± 0.84 d, 95%CI: 0.57 to 2.32, P = 0.001), longer post operative LOS (10.56 ± 13.09 d vs. 7.59 ± 10.76 d, 95%CI: 0.41 to 5.53, P = 0.023), and longer total in-hospital LOS (14.99 ± 15.18 dra. 11.62 ± 11.88 d, 95%CI: 0.46 to 6.27, P = 0.024).
Conclusions
This single-center retrospective case-control study describes the composition of airway-related PSIs reported by anesthesiologists within thirteen years. Airway incidents might influence patient prognosis by elongating extubation time and LOS. Airway PSI data were worth analyzing to improve patient safety.
{"title":"Risk Factors for Anesthesia-Related Airway Patient Safety Incidents: A Single-Center Retrospective Case-Control Analysis from 2009 to 2022","authors":"Xue Zhang , Lingeer Wu , Huizhen Huang , Yuelun Zhang , Zhilong Lu , Yajie Tian , Le Shen , Yuguang Huang","doi":"10.24920/004130","DOIUrl":"10.24920/004130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Airway-related patient safety incident (PSI) has always been the top concern of anesthesiologists because this type of incidents could severely threaten patient safety if not treated immediately and properly. This study intends to reveal the composition, prognosis, and to identify risk factors for airway related incidents reported by anesthesiologists.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>All airway related PSIs reported by anesthesiologists in a Chinese academic hospital between September 2009 and May 2022 were collected from the PSI reporting system. Patients with airway incidents reported were matched 1:1 with controls based on sex and type of surgery. Univariable and multivariable analysis were performed to find risk factors associated with airway incident occurrence, and to evaluate influence of airway PSIs on patient prognosis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 1,038 PSIs voluntarily reported by anesthesiologists during the study period, 281 cases (27.1 %) were airway-related incidents, with an overall reporting incidence of 4.74 per 10,000 among 592,884 anesthesia care episodes. Only ASA physical status was found to be significant independent predictor of these airway PSIs (<em>P</em> = 0.020). Patients with airway PSIs reported had longer extubation time (0.72 ± 1.56 d <em>vs.</em> 0.16 ± 0.77 d, 95%<em>CI</em>: 0.29 to 0.82, <em>P</em> < 0.001), longer ICU length of stay (LOS) (1.63 ± 5.71 d <em>vs.</em> 0.19 ± 0.84 d, 95%<em>CI</em>: 0.57 to 2.32, <em>P</em> = 0.001), longer post operative LOS (10.56 ± 13.09 d <em>vs.</em> 7.59 ± 10.76 d, 95%<em>CI</em>: 0.41 to 5.53, <em>P</em> = 0.023), and longer total in-hospital LOS (14.99 ± 15.18 dra. 11.62 ± 11.88 d, 95%<em>CI</em>: 0.46 to 6.27, <em>P</em> = 0.024).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This single-center retrospective case-control study describes the composition of airway-related PSIs reported by anesthesiologists within thirteen years. Airway incidents might influence patient prognosis by elongating extubation time and LOS. Airway PSI data were worth analyzing to improve patient safety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9324385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuanbai Li, Yu Du, Fangzhou Liu, Yiying Zhang, Meng Li, Jing Wang, Yihao Li, Yang Yang
Objective
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions have been used to cure diseases in China for thousands of years, in which many TCM herbs have no definite common quantity. Some key TCM herbs are commonly used and thus deserve in-depth investigations based on a more acceptable classification method. This study analyzes whether TCM prescriptions follow Zipf's law and attempts to obtain the thresholds of key TCM herbs based on the application of Zipf's law.
Methods
A total of 84,418 TCM prescriptions were collected and standardized. We tested whether Zipf's law and Zipf's distribution fit the Chinese herb distributions. A linear fitting experiment was performed to verify the relationship between the frequency distribution and frequency of TCM herbs.
Results
The distribution of TCM herbs in TCM prescriptions conformed to Zipf's law. Accordingly, the thresholds were obtained for the key TCM herbs.
Conclusion
The distribution of TCM herbs in TCM prescriptions follows Zipf's law.
{"title":"Applicability of Zipf's Law in Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescriptions","authors":"Yuanbai Li, Yu Du, Fangzhou Liu, Yiying Zhang, Meng Li, Jing Wang, Yihao Li, Yang Yang","doi":"10.24920/004133","DOIUrl":"10.24920/004133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions have been used to cure diseases in China for thousands of years, in which many TCM herbs have no definite common quantity. Some key TCM herbs are commonly used and thus deserve in-depth investigations based on a more acceptable classification method. This study analyzes whether TCM prescriptions follow Zipf's law and attempts to obtain the thresholds of key TCM herbs based on the application of Zipf's law.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 84,418 TCM prescriptions were collected and standardized. We tested whether Zipf's law and Zipf's distribution fit the Chinese herb distributions. A linear fitting experiment was performed to verify the relationship between the frequency distribution and frequency of TCM herbs.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The distribution of TCM herbs in TCM prescriptions conformed to Zipf's law. Accordingly, the thresholds were obtained for the key TCM herbs.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The distribution of TCM herbs in TCM prescriptions follows Zipf's law.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9278265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research and development of penicillin started with difficulty before 1949 and achieved certain results. In 1951, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhang Weishen, as the only Chinese scientist who had been trained and worked in a penicillin research and development center in the United States for many years, overcame many difficulties and returned to China. In 1953, with the efforts of Zhang Weishen and his colleagues, China realized the industrialized production of penicillin, alleviating the urgent needs of the masses. Antibiotics has also become the first discipline to achieve major scientific and technological achievements after the founding of the New China. In the mid-1950s, the technical breakthrough in the localization of lactose substitutes marked the localization of the raw materials of the penicillin-producing culture medium, which paved the way for the industrialized production of penicillin with Chinese characteristics. Antibiotics have become one of the most widely used and affordable drugs for hundreds of millions of patients in China, and China has since ended the humiliating history of the “Sick Man of East Asia".
{"title":"Zhang Weishen: A Pioneer in the Development and Industrial Production of Penicillin in New China","authors":"Bin Yu, Fumin Huang, Guoxing Tang, Jing Liu","doi":"10.24920/004084","DOIUrl":"10.24920/004084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The research and development of penicillin started with difficulty before 1949 and achieved certain results. In 1951, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhang Weishen, as the only Chinese scientist who had been trained and worked in a penicillin research and development center in the United States for many years, overcame many difficulties and returned to China. In 1953, with the efforts of Zhang Weishen and his colleagues, China realized the industrialized production of penicillin, alleviating the urgent needs of the masses. Antibiotics has also become the first discipline to achieve major scientific and technological achievements after the founding of the New China. In the mid-1950s, the technical breakthrough in the localization of lactose substitutes marked the localization of the raw materials of the penicillin-producing culture medium, which paved the way for the industrialized production of penicillin with Chinese characteristics. Antibiotics have become one of the most widely used and affordable drugs for hundreds of millions of patients in China, and China has since ended the humiliating history of the “Sick Man of East Asia\".</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9278269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ziyang Wang , Yushan Lan , Zidu Xu, Yaowen Gu, Jiao Li
Objective
To compare the performance of five machine learning models and SAPS II score in predicting the 30-day mortality amongst patients with sepsis.
Methods
The sepsis patient-related data were extracted from the MIMIC-IV database. Clinical features were generated and selected by mutual information and grid search. Logistic regression, Random forest, LightGBM, XGBoost, and other machine learning models were constructed to predict the mortality probability. Five measurements including accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and area under curve (AUC) were acquired for model evaluation. An external validation was implemented to avoid conclusion bias.
Results
LightGBM outperformed other methods, achieving the highest AUC (0.900), accuracy (0.808), and precision (0.SS9). All machine learning models performed better than SAPS II score (AUC=0.748). LightGBM achieved 0.883 in AUC in the external data validation.
Conclusions
The machine learning models are more effective in predicting the 30-day mortality of patients with sepsis than the traditional SAPS II score.
{"title":"Comparison of Mortality Predictive Models of Sepsis Patients Based on Machine Learning","authors":"Ziyang Wang , Yushan Lan , Zidu Xu, Yaowen Gu, Jiao Li","doi":"10.24920/004102","DOIUrl":"10.24920/004102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To compare the performance of five machine learning models and SAPS II score in predicting the 30-day mortality amongst patients with sepsis.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The sepsis patient-related data were extracted from the MIMIC-IV database. Clinical features were generated and selected by mutual information and grid search. Logistic regression, Random forest, LightGBM, XGBoost, and other machine learning models were constructed to predict the mortality probability. Five measurements including accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and area under curve (AUC) were acquired for model evaluation. An external validation was implemented to avoid conclusion bias.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>LightGBM outperformed other methods, achieving the highest AUC (0.900), accuracy (0.808), and precision (0.SS9). All machine learning models performed better than SAPS II score (AUC=0.748). LightGBM achieved 0.883 in AUC in the external data validation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The machine learning models are more effective in predicting the 30-day mortality of patients with sepsis than the traditional SAPS II score.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9278267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on the macroanalysis of the unbalanced development of the “demand side” and the “supply side” of clinical medicine in China, this paper elucidates the stakeholders, resources, and ecosystem of the strategic scientific and technological capacity-building and calls for a larger coverage, smoother supply chain, and more sustainable ecosystem to ensure the development of clinical medicine. Furthermore, focusing on the establishment and development of clinical reproductive health in China, the authors introduce the strategic scientific and technological capacity-building of reproductive medicine in Peking University Third Hospital, with an attempt to inform similar efforts in other fields and even the whole clinical medicine in China.
{"title":"Strategic Scientific and Technological Capacity-Building in Clinical Medicine in China: Taking the Innovative Development of Reproductive Medicine at Peking University Third Hospital as an Example","authors":"Fei Kong, Jie Qiao","doi":"10.24920/004132","DOIUrl":"10.24920/004132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Based on the macroanalysis of the unbalanced development of the “demand side” and the “supply side” of clinical medicine in China, this paper elucidates the stakeholders, resources, and ecosystem of the strategic scientific and technological capacity-building and calls for a larger coverage, smoother supply chain, and more sustainable ecosystem to ensure the development of clinical medicine. Furthermore, focusing on the establishment and development of clinical reproductive health in China, the authors introduce the strategic scientific and technological capacity-building of reproductive medicine in Peking University Third Hospital, with an attempt to inform similar efforts in other fields and even the whole clinical medicine in China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9278271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, many studies have reported that air pollution is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize the evidence about the association between exposure to air pollution and T2DM in developing countries.
Methods
The databases, including PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science, were systematically searched for studies published up to 31 March 2022. Studies about the association between air pollution and T2DM prevalence or incidence in developing countries were included. The odds ratio (OR) was used as effect estimate. We synthesized the included studies in the meta-analysis.
Results
We included 8 cross-sectional studies and 8 cohort studies, all conducted in developing countries. Meta-analysis of 8 studies on PM2.5 (particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm in diameter) showed that T2DM prevalence was significantly associated with PM2.5 exposure (OR=1. 12; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.17; P<0.001). The association between air pollutants and T2DM incidence was not estimated due to the limited relevant studies.
Conclusions
The exposure to PM2.5 would be positively associated with an increased prevalence of T2DM in developing countries. Some effective measures should be taken to reduce air pollutant exposure in people who are vulnerable to diabetes.
目的近年来,许多研究报道空气污染是2型糖尿病(T2DM)的危险因素。本系统综述和荟萃分析的目的是总结有关发展中国家暴露于空气污染与2型糖尿病之间关系的证据。方法系统检索PubMed、EMBASE和Web of Science数据库,检索截止到2022年3月31日发表的研究。其中包括关于发展中国家空气污染与2型糖尿病患病率或发病率之间关系的研究。采用比值比(OR)作为效果估计。我们在荟萃分析中综合了纳入的研究。我们纳入了8项横断面研究和8项队列研究,均在发展中国家进行。对8项PM2.5(颗粒物直径≤2.5µm)研究的荟萃分析显示,T2DM患病率与PM2.5暴露显著相关(OR=1)。12;95% ci: 1.07, 1.17;术中,0.001)。由于相关研究有限,未对空气污染物与2型糖尿病发病率之间的关系进行评估。结论PM2.5暴露与发展中国家T2DM患病率增加呈正相关。应采取一些有效措施,减少易患糖尿病人群的空气污染物暴露。
{"title":"Association between Air Pollution and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Zihan Chen , Zhou Zhao , Chuiwen Deng , Naishi Li","doi":"10.24920/004065","DOIUrl":"10.24920/004065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>In recent years, many studies have reported that air pollution is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize the evidence about the association between exposure to air pollution and T2DM in developing countries.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The databases, including PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science, were systematically searched for studies published up to 31 March 2022. Studies about the association between air pollution and T2DM prevalence or incidence in developing countries were included. The odds ratio (OR) was used as effect estimate. We synthesized the included studies in the meta-analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We included 8 cross-sectional studies and 8 cohort studies, all conducted in developing countries. Meta-analysis of 8 studies on PM<sub>2.5</sub> (particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm in diameter) showed that T2DM prevalence was significantly associated with PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure (OR=1. 12; 95% <em>CI</em>: 1.07, 1.17; <em>P</em><0.001). The association between air pollutants and T2DM incidence was not estimated due to the limited relevant studies.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> would be positively associated with an increased prevalence of T2DM in developing countries. Some effective measures should be taken to reduce air pollutant exposure in people who are vulnerable to diabetes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9647510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The past twenty years have seen the increasingly important role of ontology in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, the development of TCM ontology faces many challenges. Since the epistemologies dramatically differ between TCM and contemporary biomedicine, it is hard to apply the existing top-level ontology mechanically. “Data silos” are widely present in the currently available terminology standards, term sets, and ontologies. The formal representation of ontology needs to be further improved in TCM. Therefore, we propose a unified basic semantic framework of TCM based on in-depth theoretical research on the existing top-level ontology and a re-study of important concepts in TCM. Under such a framework, ontologies in TCM subdomains should be built collaboratively and be represented formally in a common format. Besides, extensive cooperation should be encouraged by establishing ontology research communities to promote ontology peer review and reuse.
{"title":"Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Domain Ontology: Current Status and Rethinking for the Future Development","authors":"Yan Zhu , Keyu Yao , Suyuan Peng , Xiaolin Yang","doi":"10.24920/004151","DOIUrl":"10.24920/004151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The past twenty years have seen the increasingly important role of ontology in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, the development of TCM ontology faces many challenges. Since the epistemologies dramatically differ between TCM and contemporary biomedicine, it is hard to apply the existing top-level ontology mechanically. “Data silos” are widely present in the currently available terminology standards, term sets, and ontologies. The formal representation of ontology needs to be further improved in TCM. Therefore, we propose a unified basic semantic framework of TCM based on in-depth theoretical research on the existing top-level ontology and a re-study of important concepts in TCM. Under such a framework, ontologies in TCM subdomains should be built collaboratively and be represented formally in a common format. Besides, extensive cooperation should be encouraged by establishing ontology research communities to promote ontology peer review and reuse.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9647513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuntai Yao , Xin Yuan , Lixian He , Yiping Yu , Yu Du , Gang Liu , Lijuan Tian , Zuxuan Ma , Yongbao Zhang , Jie Ma
Blood loss and blood transfusion requirement are important quality control indicators of cardiovascular surgery and cardiovascular anesthesia. Patient blood management (PBM) is an evidence-based, multidisciplinary approach to optimizing the care of patients who may need transfusion, which encompasses anemia management, hemodilution, cell salvage, hemostatic treatment, and other approaches to reducing bleeding and minimizing blood transfusion. PBM in cardiovascular surgery is a “team sport” that involves cardiac and vascular surgeons, anesthesiologists, perfusionist, intensivists, and other health care providers. The current work provides an overview of evidence and practice of PBM at Fuwai Hospital. Implementation of PBM should also take local resource availability and costeffectiveness of different devices, drugs, technologies, and techniques into consideration.
{"title":"Patient Blood Management: Single Center Evidence and Practice at Fuwai Hospital","authors":"Yuntai Yao , Xin Yuan , Lixian He , Yiping Yu , Yu Du , Gang Liu , Lijuan Tian , Zuxuan Ma , Yongbao Zhang , Jie Ma","doi":"10.24920/004035","DOIUrl":"10.24920/004035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Blood loss and blood transfusion requirement are important quality control indicators of cardiovascular surgery and cardiovascular anesthesia. Patient blood management (PBM) is an evidence-based, multidisciplinary approach to optimizing the care of patients who may need transfusion, which encompasses anemia management, hemodilution, cell salvage, hemostatic treatment, and other approaches to reducing bleeding and minimizing blood transfusion. PBM in cardiovascular surgery is a “team sport” that involves cardiac and vascular surgeons, anesthesiologists, perfusionist, intensivists, and other health care providers. The current work provides an overview of evidence and practice of PBM at Fuwai Hospital. Implementation of PBM should also take local resource availability and costeffectiveness of different devices, drugs, technologies, and techniques into consideration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9631137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}