The growing utilization of critical care echocardiography (CCE) by clinicians necessitates a meticulous review of clinical conditions in critically ill patients, both before and during the examination. The reviewing process of clinical conditions minimizes the risk of overlooking or misinterpreting crucial findings. This article proposes a comprehensive strategy, namely BILL strategy, to integrate into the CCE protocol, where “B” represents baseline respiratory and hemodynamic support, “I” signifies information gleaned from invasive monitoring, including central venous pressure and thermodilution-derived cardiac output, the first “L” denotes laboratory results such as central venous oxygen saturation, troponin, and brain natriuretic peptide, and the second “L” refers to lung ultrasound data. Combining the BILL strategy with CCE can enhance comprehensive understanding of critical conditions, potentially leading to improved diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.
随着临床医生越来越多地使用重症监护超声心动图（CCE），有必要在检查前和检查过程中对重症患者的临床情况进行仔细复查。对临床情况的审查过程可最大限度地降低忽略或误读关键检查结果的风险。本文提出了一种整合到 CCE 方案中的综合策略，即 BILL 策略，其中 "B "代表基线呼吸和血流动力学支持，"I "表示从有创监测中收集的信息，包括中心静脉压和热稀释得出的心输出量，第一个 "L "表示实验室结果，如中心静脉血氧饱和度、肌钙蛋白和脑钠肽，第二个 "L "指的是肺部超声数据。xx 将 BILL 策略与 CCE 相结合，可以更全面地了解危重病，从而提高诊断准确性，改善患者预后。
{"title":"BILL Strategy: Points to Consider During the Performance and Interpretation of Critical Care Echocardiography","authors":"Hong-Min Zhang , Hui Lian , Xiao-Ting Wang","doi":"10.24920/004357","DOIUrl":"10.24920/004357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing utilization of critical care echocardiography (CCE) by clinicians necessitates a meticulous review of clinical conditions in critically ill patients, both before and during the examination. The reviewing process of clinical conditions minimizes the risk of overlooking or misinterpreting crucial findings. This article proposes a comprehensive strategy, namely BILL strategy, to integrate into the CCE protocol, where “B” represents baseline respiratory and hemodynamic support, “I” signifies information gleaned from invasive monitoring, including central venous pressure and thermodilution-derived cardiac output, the first “L” denotes laboratory results such as central venous oxygen saturation, troponin, and brain natriuretic peptide, and the second “L” refers to lung ultrasound data. Combining the BILL strategy with CCE can enhance comprehensive understanding of critical conditions, potentially leading to improved diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":"39 3","pages":"Pages 226-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moliduer Hamiti , Xin-Tian Zhang , Rui-Min Zhu , Yun-Peng Liu , Bin Yin , Peng-Cheng Shu , Xiao-Zhong Peng
Objectives
To identify the 5’ untranslated region of Zika virus (ZIKV 5’UTR) RNA-binding proteins and to investigate the impact of the binding protein on the activity of internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) located in ZIKV 5’UTR and virus production.
Methods
Interacting proteins in U251 cells were captured using tRSA-tagged ZIKV 5’UTR RNA and tRSA-ZIKV 5’UTR RNA-binding proteins were visualized by SDS-PAGE silver staining. Subsequently, liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), bioinformatics analysis, and Western blot were used to identify the candidate proteins binding to ZIKV 5’UTR. Dicistronic expression assay and plaque forming assay were performed to analyze the effect of the binding protein on ZIKV IRES activity and ZIKV production, respecitvely.
Results
tRSA RNA pull-down assay, LC-MS/MS, and Western blot analysis showed that polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB) bound to the ZIKV 5’UTR. Furthermore, dual luciferase reporter assay revealed that overexpression of PTB significantly enhanced the IRES activity of ZIKV (t = 10.220, P < 0.001), while PTB knockdown had the opposite effect (t = 4.897, P < 0.01). Additionally, virus plaque forming assay demonstrated that up-regulation of PTB expression significantly enhanced viral titer (t = 6.400, P < 0.01), whereas reducing PTB expression level weakened virus infectivity (t = 5.055, P < 0.01).
Conclusion
PTB positively interacts with the ZIKV 5’UTR and enhances IRES activity and virus production.
{"title":"Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein Enhances Zika Virus Translation by Binding to the 5’UTR of Internal Ribosomal Entry Site","authors":"Moliduer Hamiti , Xin-Tian Zhang , Rui-Min Zhu , Yun-Peng Liu , Bin Yin , Peng-Cheng Shu , Xiao-Zhong Peng","doi":"10.24920/004393","DOIUrl":"10.24920/004393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To identify the 5’ untranslated region of Zika virus (ZIKV 5’UTR) RNA-binding proteins and to investigate the impact of the binding protein on the activity of internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) located in ZIKV 5’UTR and virus production.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Interacting proteins in U251 cells were captured using tRSA-tagged ZIKV 5’UTR RNA and tRSA-ZIKV 5’UTR RNA-binding proteins were visualized by SDS-PAGE silver staining. Subsequently, liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), bioinformatics analysis, and Western blot were used to identify the candidate proteins binding to ZIKV 5’UTR. Dicistronic expression assay and plaque forming assay were performed to analyze the effect of the binding protein on ZIKV IRES activity and ZIKV production, respecitvely.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>tRSA RNA pull-down assay, LC-MS/MS, and Western blot analysis showed that polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB) bound to the ZIKV 5’UTR. Furthermore, dual luciferase reporter assay revealed that overexpression of PTB significantly enhanced the IRES activity of ZIKV (<em>t</em> = 10.220, <em>P</em> < 0.001), while PTB knockdown had the opposite effect (<em>t</em> = 4.897, <em>P</em> < 0.01). Additionally, virus plaque forming assay demonstrated that up-regulation of PTB expression significantly enhanced viral titer (<em>t</em> = 6.400, <em>P</em> < 0.01), whereas reducing PTB expression level weakened virus infectivity (<em>t</em> = 5.055, <em>P</em> < 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PTB positively interacts with the ZIKV 5’UTR and enhances IRES activity and virus production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":"39 3","pages":"Pages 162-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142355605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Achieving optimal alignment in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a critical factor in ensuring optimal outcomes and long-term implant survival. Traditionally, mechanical alignment has been favored to achieve neutral postoperative joint alignment. However, contemporary approaches, such as kinematic alignments and hybrid techniques including adjusted mechanical, restricted kinematic, inverse kinematic, and functional alignments, are gaining attention for their ability to restore native joint kinematics and anatomical alignment, potentially leading to enhanced functional outcomes and greater patient satisfaction. The ongoing debate on optimal alignment strategies considers the following factors: long-term implant durability, functional improvement, and resolution of individual anatomical variations. Furthermore, advancements of computer-navigated and robotic-assisted surgery have augmented the precision in implant positioning and objective measurements of soft tissue balance. Despite ongoing debates on balancing implant longevity and functional outcomes, there is an increasing advocacy for personalized alignment strategies that are tailored to individual anatomical variations. This review evaluates the spectrum of various alignment techniques in TKA, including mechanical alignment, patient-specific kinematic approaches, and emerging hybrid methods. Each technique is scrutinized based on its fundamental principles, procedural techniques, inherent advantages, and potential limitations, while identifying significant clinical gaps that underscore the need for further investigation.
{"title":"Alignment Techniques in Total Knee Arthroplasty: Where do We Stand Today?","authors":"Hemanta Dhungana, Subhash Jangid, Meghal Goyal","doi":"10.24920/004372","DOIUrl":"10.24920/004372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving optimal alignment in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a critical factor in ensuring optimal outcomes and long-term implant survival. Traditionally, mechanical alignment has been favored to achieve neutral postoperative joint alignment. However, contemporary approaches, such as kinematic alignments and hybrid techniques including adjusted mechanical, restricted kinematic, inverse kinematic, and functional alignments, are gaining attention for their ability to restore native joint kinematics and anatomical alignment, potentially leading to enhanced functional outcomes and greater patient satisfaction. The ongoing debate on optimal alignment strategies considers the following factors: long-term implant durability, functional improvement, and resolution of individual anatomical variations. Furthermore, advancements of computer-navigated and robotic-assisted surgery have augmented the precision in implant positioning and objective measurements of soft tissue balance. Despite ongoing debates on balancing implant longevity and functional outcomes, there is an increasing advocacy for personalized alignment strategies that are tailored to individual anatomical variations. This review evaluates the spectrum of various alignment techniques in TKA, including mechanical alignment, patient-specific kinematic approaches, and emerging hybrid methods. Each technique is scrutinized based on its fundamental principles, procedural techniques, inherent advantages, and potential limitations, while identifying significant clinical gaps that underscore the need for further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":"39 3","pages":"Pages 217-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141890279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hao Lv , Ge Zhang , Zhi-Mu Hu , Qing-Song Chu , Jiu-Xiang Wang , Ting Jiang
Objective
To investigate the causal relationships between plasma metabolites and osteoporosis via Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
Methods
Bidirectional MR was used to analyze pooled data from different genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The causal effect of plasma metabolites on osteoporosis was estimated using the inverse variance weighted method, intersections of statistically significant metabolites obtained from different sources of osteoporosis-related GWAS aggregated data was determined, and then sensitivity analysis was performed on these metabolites. Heterogeneity between single nucleotide polymorphisms was evaluated by Cochran's Q test. Horizontal pleiotropy was assessed through the application of the MR-Egger intercept method and the MRPRESSO method. The causal effect of osteoporosis on plasma metabolites was also evaluated using the inverse variance weighted method. Additionally, pathway analysis was conducted to identify potential metabolic pathways involved in the regulation of osteoporosis.
Results
Primary analysis and sensitivity analysis showed that 77 and 61 plasma metabolites had a causal relationship with osteoporosis from the GWAS data in the GCST90038656 and GCST90044600 datasets, respectively. Five common metabolites were identified via intersection. X-13684 levels and the glucose-to-maltose ratio were negatively associated with osteoporosis, whereas glycoursodeoxycholate levels and arachidoylcarnitine (C20) levels were positively associated with osteoporosis (all P < 0.05). The relationship between X-11299 levels and osteoporosis showed contradictory results (all P < 0.05). Pathway analysis indicated that glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis, galactose metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways were participated in the development of osteoporosis.
Conclusion
We found a causal relationship between plasma metabolites and osteoporosis. These results offer novel perspectives with important implications for targeted metabolite-focused interventions in the management of osteoporosis.
{"title":"Dissecting Causal Relationships Between Plasma Metabolites and Osteoporosis: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study","authors":"Hao Lv , Ge Zhang , Zhi-Mu Hu , Qing-Song Chu , Jiu-Xiang Wang , Ting Jiang","doi":"10.24920/004356","DOIUrl":"10.24920/004356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the causal relationships between plasma metabolites and osteoporosis <em>via</em> Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Bidirectional MR was used to analyze pooled data from different genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The causal effect of plasma metabolites on osteoporosis was estimated using the inverse variance weighted method, intersections of statistically significant metabolites obtained from different sources of osteoporosis-related GWAS aggregated data was determined, and then sensitivity analysis was performed on these metabolites. Heterogeneity between single nucleotide polymorphisms was evaluated by Cochran's Q test. Horizontal pleiotropy was assessed through the application of the MR-Egger intercept method and the MRPRESSO method. The causal effect of osteoporosis on plasma metabolites was also evaluated using the inverse variance weighted method. Additionally, pathway analysis was conducted to identify potential metabolic pathways involved in the regulation of osteoporosis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Primary analysis and sensitivity analysis showed that 77 and 61 plasma metabolites had a causal relationship with osteoporosis from the GWAS data in the GCST90038656 and GCST90044600 datasets, respectively. Five common metabolites were identified <em>via</em> intersection. X-13684 levels and the glucose-to-maltose ratio were negatively associated with osteoporosis, whereas glycoursodeoxycholate levels and arachidoylcarnitine (C20) levels were positively associated with osteoporosis (all <em>P</em> < 0.05). The relationship between X-11299 levels and osteoporosis showed contradictory results (all <em>P</em> < 0.05). Pathway analysis indicated that glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis, galactose metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways were participated in the development of osteoporosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We found a causal relationship between plasma metabolites and osteoporosis. These results offer novel perspectives with important implications for targeted metabolite-focused interventions in the management of osteoporosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":"39 3","pages":"Pages 182-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The extent to which the association between hypertension and chronic pain in observational studies is either causally linked or influenced by other shared risk factors has not been substantially addressed. In the present study, Mendelian randomization (MR) was employed to examine the potential causal relationship between hypertension and risk of chronic pain.
Methods
The study data were derived from the pooled dataset of the genome-wide association study (GWAS), enabling the evaluation of the causal effects of hypertension on various types of chronic pain including chronic headache as well as chest, abdominal, joint, back, limb, and multisite chronic pain. We performed a bidirectional two-sample MR analysis using random effect inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode, quantified by odds ratio (OR).
Results
Genetically predicted essential hypertension was associated with an increased risk of chronic headache (OR = 1.007, 95% CI: 1.003–1.011, P = 0.002) and limb pain (OR = 1.219, 95% CI: 1.033–1.439, P = 0.019). No potential causal associations were identified between chronic pain and essential hypertension in the reverse direction MR (P > 0.05). In addition, there was no potential causal association between secondary hypertension and chronic pain (P > 0.05).
Conclusion
This study provided genetic evidence that a unidirectional causal relationship exists between essential hypertension and the increased risks of chronic headache and limb pain, and no causal relationship was found between secondary hypertension and chronic pain. These findings offer theoretical underpinnings for future research on managing hypertension and chronic pain.
{"title":"Genetic Evidence for Causal Association Between Hypertension and Chronic Pain: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study","authors":"Shuai-Lei Wang, Wei-Yun Chen, Zi-Jia Liu, Yu-Guang Huang","doi":"10.24920/004380","DOIUrl":"10.24920/004380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The extent to which the association between hypertension and chronic pain in observational studies is either causally linked or influenced by other shared risk factors has not been substantially addressed. In the present study, Mendelian randomization (MR) was employed to examine the potential causal relationship between hypertension and risk of chronic pain.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study data were derived from the pooled dataset of the genome-wide association study (GWAS), enabling the evaluation of the causal effects of hypertension on various types of chronic pain including chronic headache as well as chest, abdominal, joint, back, limb, and multisite chronic pain. We performed a bidirectional two-sample MR analysis using random effect inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode, quantified by odds ratio (OR).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Genetically predicted essential hypertension was associated with an increased risk of chronic headache (<em>OR</em> = 1.007, 95% <em>CI</em>: 1.003–1.011, <em>P</em> = 0.002) and limb pain (<em>OR</em> = 1.219, 95% <em>CI</em>: 1.033–1.439, <em>P</em> = 0.019). No potential causal associations were identified between chronic pain and essential hypertension in the reverse direction MR (<em>P</em> > 0.05). In addition, there was no potential causal association between secondary hypertension and chronic pain (<em>P</em> > 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provided genetic evidence that a unidirectional causal relationship exists between essential hypertension and the increased risks of chronic headache and limb pain, and no causal relationship was found between secondary hypertension and chronic pain. These findings offer theoretical underpinnings for future research on managing hypertension and chronic pain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":"39 3","pages":"Pages 155-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Approximately 40% of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) cases are familial, typically presenting earlier with more complex symptoms. This paper synthesizes literature and guidelines to inform on clinical characteristics and perioperative care for PPGL. Pheochromocytoma in von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease exhibits heightened secretion activity without significant perioperative hemodynamic changes. Tumors in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) have a stronger endocrine function, which may induce hemodynamic fluctuations during surgery. Therefore, pheochromocytoma screening is essential at all stages of MEN2. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) often presents multisystem lesions and can result in difficult airway. Pheochromocytoma should be evaluated when NF1 patients present hypertension. Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma type 5 may present multiple lesions of pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma. In summary, hereditary PPGLs may present with severe lesions in other systems, beyond tumor function. A multi-disciplinary team (MDT) approach is often invaluable in perioperative management.
{"title":"Anesthesia Management in Hereditary Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: Updated Insights into Clinical Features and Perioperative Care","authors":"Yao-Han Li , Le Shen","doi":"10.24920/004360","DOIUrl":"10.24920/004360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Approximately 40% of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) cases are familial, typically presenting earlier with more complex symptoms. This paper synthesizes literature and guidelines to inform on clinical characteristics and perioperative care for PPGL. Pheochromocytoma in von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease exhibits heightened secretion activity without significant perioperative hemodynamic changes. Tumors in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) have a stronger endocrine function, which may induce hemodynamic fluctuations during surgery. Therefore, pheochromocytoma screening is essential at all stages of MEN2. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) often presents multisystem lesions and can result in difficult airway. Pheochromocytoma should be evaluated when NF1 patients present hypertension. Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma type 5 may present multiple lesions of pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma. In summary, hereditary PPGLs may present with severe lesions in other systems, beyond tumor function. A multi-disciplinary team (MDT) approach is often invaluable in perioperative management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":"39 3","pages":"Pages 211-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To explore the influence of Linggui Zhugan Decoction (LGZGD) on high glucose induced podocyte autophagy.
Methods
LGZGD containing serum was prepared by intragastric administation of 4.2 g/kg (low dose), 8.4 g/kg (medium dose), and 12.6 g/kg (high dose) LGZGD into SD rats respectively. MPC5 and AB8/13 podocyte cells were treated with 60 mmol/L glucose to establish diabetic nephropathy podocyte model in vitro. Both podocytes were divided into control group, high glucose group, low dose LGZGD group, medium dose LGZGD group, and high dose LGZGD group, respectively. For the three LGZGD groups, before LGZGD intervention, podocytes were treated with 60 mmol/L glucose for 3 days. After treated with LGZGD containing serum, cells were collected to analyze cell migration using Transwell assay, proliferation using CCK8, apoptosis and cell cycle using flow cytometry, autophagosome formation using transmission electron microscopy, and expression levels of Beclin-1, Atg5, LC3II/I, and P62 proteins using Western blot.
Results
Compared with the control group, the proliferation and migration of MPC5 and AB8/13 cells in the high glucose group slightly decreased, whereas these parameters restored after intervention with low and medium concentrations of LGZGD, with the medium dose LGZGD having the better effect (P < 0.05). Flow cytometry showed that the medium dose LGZGD group had a significantly lower apoptosis rate (P < 0.05) and higher survival rate (P > 0.05) compared to the high dose LGZGD group. High glucose arrested podocytes in G1 phase, whereas LGZGD shifted podocytes from being predominant in G1 phase to G2 phase. High dose LGZGD significanly reduced high glucose-increased autophagosome formation in both podocytes (P < 0.05). Western blot analysis showed that Beclin-1, Atg5, LC3II/I, and P62 expressions were increased in MPC5 cells treated with high glucose and reversed after adminstration of low and medium doses of LGZGD (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
LGZGD reduced apoptosis and enhanced autophagy in high glucose treated podocytes via regulating Beclin-1/LC3II/I/Atg5 expression.
{"title":"Linggui Zhugan Decoction Improves High Glucose-Induced Autophagy in Podocytes","authors":"","doi":"10.24920/004330","DOIUrl":"10.24920/004330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To explore the influence of Linggui Zhugan Decoction (LGZGD) on high glucose induced podocyte autophagy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>LGZGD containing serum was prepared by intragastric administation of 4.2 g/kg (low dose), 8.4 g/kg (medium dose), and 12.6 g/kg (high dose) LGZGD into SD rats respectively. MPC5 and AB8/13 podocyte cells were treated with 60 mmol/L glucose to establish diabetic nephropathy podocyte model <em>in vitro</em>. Both podocytes were divided into control group, high glucose group, low dose LGZGD group, medium dose LGZGD group, and high dose LGZGD group, respectively. For the three LGZGD groups, before LGZGD intervention, podocytes were treated with 60 mmol/L glucose for 3 days. After treated with LGZGD containing serum, cells were collected to analyze cell migration using Transwell assay, proliferation using CCK8, apoptosis and cell cycle using flow cytometry, autophagosome formation using transmission electron microscopy, and expression levels of Beclin-1, Atg5, LC3II/I, and P62 proteins using Western blot.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with the control group, the proliferation and migration of MPC5 and AB8/13 cells in the high glucose group slightly decreased, whereas these parameters restored after intervention with low and medium concentrations of LGZGD, with the medium dose LGZGD having the better effect (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Flow cytometry showed that the medium dose LGZGD group had a significantly lower apoptosis rate (<em>P</em> < 0.05) and higher survival rate (<em>P</em> > 0.05) compared to the high dose LGZGD group. High glucose arrested podocytes in G1 phase, whereas LGZGD shifted podocytes from being predominant in G1 phase to G2 phase. High dose LGZGD significanly reduced high glucose-increased autophagosome formation in both podocytes (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Western blot analysis showed that Beclin-1, Atg5, LC3II/I, and P62 expressions were increased in MPC5 cells treated with high glucose and reversed after adminstration of low and medium doses of LGZGD (<em>P</em> < 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>LGZGD reduced apoptosis and enhanced autophagy in high glucose treated podocytes <em>via</em> regulating Beclin-1/LC3II/I/Atg5 expression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":"39 3","pages":"Pages 189-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141477604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To screen the target genes that are associated with survival of breast cancer (BRCA) and explore their prognostic values and immune correlations with BRCA using multiple databases..
Methods
The microarray expression datasets of BRCA were downloaded from the Gene Expresssion Omnibus database (GEO) and analyzed to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Hub genes were obtained by constructing and visualizing the protein-protein interaction network of DEGs. The key gene was determined using R language, STRING, and Cytoscape, and the differential expression of the key gene was verified using external datasets The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) for BRCA tissues of 37 patients. The prognostic value and immunological correlation of UBE2C in BRCA were explored using R language, TIMER, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA).
Results
Of 10 hub genes seleceed from 302 DEGS, UBE2C was identified as the gene associated with BRCA survival. The expression of UBE2C was differentially upregulated in BRCA, as verified by TCGA and qRT-PCR. Prognostic analysis revealed that UBE2C served as an independent prognostic factor. High expression of UBE2C was associated with decreased immune infiltration levels of B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, and myeloid dendritic cells in BRCA tissue. The expression of UBE2C in BRCA showed a significant correlation with immune checkpoints genes PDCD1, CD274, and CTLA4 expressions. There was a positive correlation between the expression of UBE2C and the tumor mutational burden and microsatellite instability. GSEA demonstrated that UBE2C expression significantly enriched 786 immune-related gene sets.
Conclusions
UBE2C expression in BRCA tissues is closely related to the BRCA immune microenvironment and showes predictive values on the survivals and prognosis of BRCA patients and the effecacy of immunotherapy. UBE2C may be an potential immune-related prognostic biomarker for BRCA.
目的 利用多个数据库筛选乳腺癌（BRCA）的靶基因 UBE2C 并探讨其预后价值和免疫相关性。方法 从基因表达综合数据库（Gene Expresssion Omnibus database，GEO）下载 BRCA 的微阵列表达数据集，并对其进行分析，以获得差异表达基因（DEGs）。通过构建和可视化 DEGs 的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络，获得枢纽基因。然后利用 R 语言、STRING 和 Cytoscape 确定了关键基因 UBE2C，并利用外部数据集、癌症基因组图谱（TCGA）和定量实时 PCR（qRT-PCR）验证了 UBE2C 的差异表达。使用 R 语言、TIMER 和基因组富集分析（Gene Set Enrichment Analysis，GSEA）探讨了 UBE2C 在 BRCA 中的预后价值和免疫学相关性。预后分析表明，UBE2C是一个独立的预后因素。UBE2C 的高表达与 BRCA 组织中 B 细胞、CD4+ T 细胞、CD8+ T 细胞、巨噬细胞和髓树突状细胞的免疫浸润水平下降有关。UBE2C 在 BRCA 中的表达与 PDCD1、CD274 和 CTLA4 的表达有显著相关性。UBE2C 的表达与肿瘤突变负荷和微卫星不稳定性呈正相关。结论 BRCA组织中UBE2C的表达可预测BRCA患者的存活率和预后。结论 UBE2C 在 BRCA 组织中的表达可预测 BRCA 患者的存活率和预后，而且与 BRCA 免疫微环境密切相关，可预测 BRCA 患者免疫治疗的效果。因此，UBE2C可能是一种潜在的与免疫相关的BRCA预后生物标志物。
{"title":"UBE2C as an Immune-Related Biomarker for Breast Cancer: A Study Based on Multiple Databases","authors":"","doi":"10.24920/004340","DOIUrl":"10.24920/004340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To screen the target genes that are associated with survival of breast cancer (BRCA) and explore their prognostic values and immune correlations with BRCA using multiple databases..</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The microarray expression datasets of BRCA were downloaded from the Gene Expresssion Omnibus database (GEO) and analyzed to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Hub genes were obtained by constructing and visualizing the protein-protein interaction network of DEGs. The key gene was determined using R language, STRING, and Cytoscape, and the differential expression of the key gene was verified using external datasets The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) for BRCA tissues of 37 patients. The prognostic value and immunological correlation of <em>UBE2C</em> in BRCA were explored using R language, TIMER, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 10 hub genes seleceed from 302 DEGS, <em>UBE2C</em> was identified as the gene associated with BRCA survival. The expression of <em>UBE2C</em> was differentially upregulated in BRCA, as verified by TCGA and qRT-PCR. Prognostic analysis revealed that <em>UBE2C</em> served as an independent prognostic factor. High expression of <em>UBE2C</em> was associated with decreased immune infiltration levels of B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, and myeloid dendritic cells in BRCA tissue. The expression of <em>UBE2C</em> in BRCA showed a significant correlation with immune checkpoints genes <em>PDCD1</em>, <em>CD274</em>, and <em>CTLA4</em> expressions. There was a positive correlation between the expression of <em>UBE2C</em> and the tumor mutational burden and microsatellite instability. GSEA demonstrated that <em>UBE2C</em> expression significantly enriched 786 immune-related gene sets.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div><em>UBE2C</em> expression in BRCA tissues is closely related to the BRCA immune microenvironment and showes predictive values on the survivals and prognosis of BRCA patients and the effecacy of immunotherapy. <em>UBE2C</em> may be an potential immune-related prognostic biomarker for BRCA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":"39 3","pages":"Pages 171-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141198998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the progress of aging, the incidence of vascular calcification (VC) gradually increases, which is correlated with cardiovascular events and all-cause death, aggravating global clinical burden. Over the past several decades, accumulating approaches targeting the underlying pathogenesis of VC have provided some possibilities for the treatment of VC. Unfortunately, none of the current interventions have achieved clinical effectiveness on reversing or curing VC. The purpose of this review is to make a summary of novel perspectives on the interventions of VC and provide reference for clinical decision-making.
{"title":"Vascular Calcification: Where is the Cure?","authors":"Wen-Wen Liu, Mei-Lin Liu","doi":"10.24920/004367","DOIUrl":"10.24920/004367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the progress of aging, the incidence of vascular calcification (VC) gradually increases, which is correlated with cardiovascular events and all-cause death, aggravating global clinical burden. Over the past several decades, accumulating approaches targeting the underlying pathogenesis of VC have provided some possibilities for the treatment of VC. Unfortunately, none of the current interventions have achieved clinical effectiveness on reversing or curing VC. The purpose of this review is to make a summary of novel perspectives on the interventions of VC and provide reference for clinical decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":"39 3","pages":"Pages 198-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vertebral artery dissection is a rare pathology that can cause ischemic stroke in young people. Cervical massage, especially improper pulling manipulation, is a cause of vertebral artery dissection. We present a case of 32-year-old woman who developed acute multiple posterior circulation ischemic cerebral infarctions as a result of left vertebral artery V4 segment dissection after receiving neck massage. She underwent emergency vertebral artery stent implantation at the site of the dissection. Symptoms were relieved the day after treatment. The patient recovered without adverse complications or endovascular restenosis in the following year.
{"title":"Vertebral Artery Stenting for Acute Multiple Cerebral Infarctions Caused by Vertebral Artery Dissection After Massage: A Case Report","authors":"","doi":"10.24920/004336","DOIUrl":"10.24920/004336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vertebral artery dissection is a rare pathology that can cause ischemic stroke in young people. Cervical massage, especially improper pulling manipulation, is a cause of vertebral artery dissection. We present a case of 32-year-old woman who developed acute multiple posterior circulation ischemic cerebral infarctions as a result of left vertebral artery V4 segment dissection after receiving neck massage. She underwent emergency vertebral artery stent implantation at the site of the dissection. Symptoms were relieved the day after treatment. The patient recovered without adverse complications or endovascular restenosis in the following year.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":35615,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medical Sciences Journal","volume":"39 2","pages":"Pages 149-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141076846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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