Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198831815.003.0029
T. Robinson, Jane Scullion
This chapter provides an alphabetical glossary of terms used in respiratory medicine, which are comprehensively covered in this second edition of the Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Nursing. These include subjects such as altitude and its effect of the lungs, to angina, antigens, anoxia, and apnoea; breathlessness, bronchiolitis, and bronchospasm; through to vasodilation, ventilation, and vesicular sounds. While the main text covers these subjects comprehensively with systematic description of the main respiratory diseases found in adults, this glossary is an at-a-glance guide to the terms a medical professional will need to know, particularly when discussing and meeting the needs of respiratory patients.
{"title":"Glossary","authors":"T. Robinson, Jane Scullion","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198831815.003.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198831815.003.0029","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides an alphabetical glossary of terms used in respiratory medicine, which are comprehensively covered in this second edition of the Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Nursing. These include subjects such as altitude and its effect of the lungs, to angina, antigens, anoxia, and apnoea; breathlessness, bronchiolitis, and bronchospasm; through to vasodilation, ventilation, and vesicular sounds. While the main text covers these subjects comprehensively with systematic description of the main respiratory diseases found in adults, this glossary is an at-a-glance guide to the terms a medical professional will need to know, particularly when discussing and meeting the needs of respiratory patients.","PeriodicalId":356279,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Nursing","volume":"244 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116436206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198831815.003.0006
T. Robinson, J. Scullion
The incidence of describing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is approximately 23% in mechanically ventilated patients. The diagnosis of ARDS varies widely; studies report a variation in the population diagnosed with ARDS, from 10 to 86 cases per 100,000. Complications of mechanical ventilation are common and include ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), barotrauma from excessive airway pressures, and volutrauma from excessive tidal volumes which may both worsen ARDS. Pneumothorax occurs in some patients, necessitating the placement of chest drains. This chapter starts with describing ARDS and the Berlin Definition, and its incidence. It also covers aetiology and physiology, then goes on to its treatment and general management. This includes respiratory support, position changes, and other treatments. Situation-dependent prognoses are outlined. Specific nursing care is also described.
{"title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)","authors":"T. Robinson, J. Scullion","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198831815.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198831815.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of describing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is approximately 23% in mechanically ventilated patients. The diagnosis of ARDS varies widely; studies report a variation in the population diagnosed with ARDS, from 10 to 86 cases per 100,000. Complications of mechanical ventilation are common and include ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), barotrauma from excessive airway pressures, and volutrauma from excessive tidal volumes which may both worsen ARDS. Pneumothorax occurs in some patients, necessitating the placement of chest drains. This chapter starts with describing ARDS and the Berlin Definition, and its incidence. It also covers aetiology and physiology, then goes on to its treatment and general management. This includes respiratory support, position changes, and other treatments. Situation-dependent prognoses are outlined. Specific nursing care is also described.","PeriodicalId":356279,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Nursing","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127358976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198831815.003.0005
T. Robinson, Jane Scullion
There are many investigations in respiratory medicine, ranging from basic tests to more invasive procedures. Respiratory investigations are the final pieces in the jigsaw to help respiratory nurses and nurse practitioners reach a diagnosis. Many nurses do not work in specialized respiratory units and will not have access to the most sophisticated investigations. However, all respiratory nurses should understand what tests are available, be aware of how the tests are performed, and of any preparation required before and after the test, so they can explain these procedures to their patients. This chapter offers an insight into the application of respiratory investigations and their role in specialized respiratory units.
{"title":"Respiratory investigations","authors":"T. Robinson, Jane Scullion","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198831815.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198831815.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"There are many investigations in respiratory medicine, ranging from basic tests to more invasive procedures. Respiratory investigations are the final pieces in the jigsaw to help respiratory nurses and nurse practitioners reach a diagnosis. Many nurses do not work in specialized respiratory units and will not have access to the most sophisticated investigations. However, all respiratory nurses should understand what tests are available, be aware of how the tests are performed, and of any preparation required before and after the test, so they can explain these procedures to their patients. This chapter offers an insight into the application of respiratory investigations and their role in specialized respiratory units.","PeriodicalId":356279,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Nursing","volume":"222 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132650589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198831815.003.0013
T. Robinson, J. Scullion
This chapter covers the causes, signs, and symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). It explains the process of diagnosis, from a history, medications, family, and psychosocial history, occupation, and diagnostic procedures. Differential diagnoses that should be excluded are listed. The prevalence of OSA is estimated to be around 4% of the population. It is quite a common disorder, although this figure may be an underestimate as many people may not seek treatment. Prevalence figures also vary according to the chosen threshold for defining a significant sleep abnormality and symptoms. Treatment options are also outlined, and the specific aspects of nursing care are listed.
{"title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea","authors":"T. Robinson, J. Scullion","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198831815.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198831815.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter covers the causes, signs, and symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). It explains the process of diagnosis, from a history, medications, family, and psychosocial history, occupation, and diagnostic procedures. Differential diagnoses that should be excluded are listed. The prevalence of OSA is estimated to be around 4% of the population. It is quite a common disorder, although this figure may be an underestimate as many people may not seek treatment. Prevalence figures also vary according to the chosen threshold for defining a significant sleep abnormality and symptoms. Treatment options are also outlined, and the specific aspects of nursing care are listed.","PeriodicalId":356279,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Nursing","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122024206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198831815.003.0022
T. Robinson, Jane Scullion
This chapter covers the key facts about tuberculosis (TB), then goes on to describe the epidemiology and pathophysiology of the disease. Risk factors, and signs and symptoms, and investigations are all covered. The treatment phase and standard drug therapies are shown, and directly observed therapy for the patient with an increased risk of poor adherence is described. Mono-resistant, multidrug-resistant, and extensively drug-resistant types are included in this chapter, as well as contact tracing in line with NICE clinical guidelines. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) is part of a family of mycobacterium which includes Mycobacterium bovis. M. bovis is uncommon in humans, although it frequently affects cattle and badgers. MTB can affect any organ in the body; this chapter will concentrate on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of pulmonary MTB in adults in the UK.
{"title":"Tuberculosis (TB)","authors":"T. Robinson, Jane Scullion","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198831815.003.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198831815.003.0022","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter covers the key facts about tuberculosis (TB), then goes on to describe the epidemiology and pathophysiology of the disease. Risk factors, and signs and symptoms, and investigations are all covered. The treatment phase and standard drug therapies are shown, and directly observed therapy for the patient with an increased risk of poor adherence is described. Mono-resistant, multidrug-resistant, and extensively drug-resistant types are included in this chapter, as well as contact tracing in line with NICE clinical guidelines. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) is part of a family of mycobacterium which includes Mycobacterium bovis. M. bovis is uncommon in humans, although it frequently affects cattle and badgers. MTB can affect any organ in the body; this chapter will concentrate on the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of pulmonary MTB in adults in the UK.","PeriodicalId":356279,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Nursing","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128380843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198831815.003.0008
T. Robinson, Jane Scullion
Bronchiectasis is defined as irreversible bronchial wall dilatation and thickening. It may present clinically with recurrent chest infections, cough, chronic sputum production, shortness of breath, pleuritic chest pain, fatigue, and malaise. It can occur as a result of a primary infection, toxic insult occurring at any time from childhood to late adulthood, immunodeficiencies, some inflammatory conditions, and some inherited conditions such as primary ciliary dyskinesia and cystic fibrosis, but in approximately 50% of cases no underlying cause is found. This chapter covers the causes, clinical features, and management of bronchiectasis, including antibiotic treatment. Other infections that may occur are also explained, and monitoring regimes are indicated.
{"title":"Bronchiectasis","authors":"T. Robinson, Jane Scullion","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198831815.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198831815.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Bronchiectasis is defined as irreversible bronchial wall dilatation and thickening. It may present clinically with recurrent chest infections, cough, chronic sputum production, shortness of breath, pleuritic chest pain, fatigue, and malaise. It can occur as a result of a primary infection, toxic insult occurring at any time from childhood to late adulthood, immunodeficiencies, some inflammatory conditions, and some inherited conditions such as primary ciliary dyskinesia and cystic fibrosis, but in approximately 50% of cases no underlying cause is found. This chapter covers the causes, clinical features, and management of bronchiectasis, including antibiotic treatment. Other infections that may occur are also explained, and monitoring regimes are indicated.","PeriodicalId":356279,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Nursing","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129259890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198831815.003.0016
T. Robinson, Jane Scullion
If fluid collects in between the pleural layers the patient is deemed to have a pleural effusion. A pleural effusion can occur unilaterally (affecting the pleural space of one lung) or bilaterally (affecting both lungs). Pleural effusion is a very common presentation for a variety of different pathologies. This chapter provides the definition, aetiology, and clinical features of pleural effusion. Investigations (chest X-ray, ultrasound, thorax CT, pleural aspiration, LDH, and cytology among others) and management are included. Specific aspects of nursing care, including symptom control, care of drains and wound sites, and the provision of information and patient support are outlined.
{"title":"Pleural effusion","authors":"T. Robinson, Jane Scullion","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198831815.003.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198831815.003.0016","url":null,"abstract":"If fluid collects in between the pleural layers the patient is deemed to have a pleural effusion. A pleural effusion can occur unilaterally (affecting the pleural space of one lung) or bilaterally (affecting both lungs). Pleural effusion is a very common presentation for a variety of different pathologies. This chapter provides the definition, aetiology, and clinical features of pleural effusion. Investigations (chest X-ray, ultrasound, thorax CT, pleural aspiration, LDH, and cytology among others) and management are included. Specific aspects of nursing care, including symptom control, care of drains and wound sites, and the provision of information and patient support are outlined.","PeriodicalId":356279,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Nursing","volume":"44 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114058678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：