Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.6001/energetika.v67i1.4533
A. Pažėraitė, Rūta Repovienė, Viktorija Grigaliūnaitė
Energetikos sektorius yra itin reikšmingas valstybių, organizacijų raidai, svarbų vaidmenį atlieka ir žmogaus gyvenime. Tiek siekis artėti prie klimatui neutralios visuomenės, tiek žiedinės ekonomikos principų diegimas yra priklausomi nuo šių raidos krypčių priimtinumo ir plataus jų pritaikymo. Viena vertus, didelė visuomenės dalis yra linkusi pritarti šioms raidos kryptims, kita vertus, taip pat ženkli visuomenės dalis nėra linkusi aktyviai įsitraukti į energetikos sektoriuje vykstančius procesus ir savo veikla prisidėti prie greitesnio visuotinai priimtų tikslų pasiekimo. Visuomenėje vyrauja nuomonė, kad dėl susiklosčiusios situacijos visų pirma yra atsakingos valstybinės institucijos ir įmonės, bet ne jų pačių vartojimo ir apskritai elgsenos įpročiai. Vartotojų įsitraukimo prielaidos pirmiausia glūdi jų patirtinoje naudoje, kuri neapsiriboja ekonomine ar funkcine vertės dimensijomis, bet apima ir emocinę bei socialinę vertes. Taip pat išryškėja būtinybė tinkamai pranešti ir edukuoti apie patirtiną naudą. Todėl šiame straipsnyje pristatomo tyrimo tikslas yra nustatyti, kas svarbu vertės įveiklinimui įtraukiant vartotojus į energetikos sektoriuje vykstančius procesus. Vertės koncepcijos, vertės įveiklinimo nulemti įsitraukimo tyrimai energetikos sektoriuje prasidėjo visai neseniai ir nepasižymi gausa. Todėl tikslui pasiekti pasirinkta žvalgomojo tyrimo strategija, kuri taikoma tyrinėjant neapibrėžtus ryšius tarp kintamųjų, identifikuojant galimas tolesnių tyrimų kryptis ir formuojant pirmines įžvalgas. Tyrime derinti keli metodai: kokybinis – problemos analizei ekspertiniu požiūriu taikytas interviu metodas; kiekybinis – vartotojų preferencijoms nustatyti taikyta anketinė apklausa. Tyrimo rezultatų analizė parodė, kad svarbiausias veiksnys, lemiantis elektros tiekėjo pasirinkimą, yra siūloma kilovatvalandės kaina. Neatidėliotinas tiekėjo reagavimas į iškilusias problemas, konsultavimas yra antras pagal svarbą veiksnys, o elektros energijos tiekėjo reputacija – trečias pagal svarbą. Rezultatai leidžia teigti, kad svarbiausias veiksnys renkantis elektros tiekėją yra susijęs su ekonomine vertės dimensija, toliau pagal svarbą – funkcinė ir galiausiai emocinė vertės dimensijos. Vertinant apsisprendimą rūšiuoti atliekas, svarbiausias veiksnys yra nemokamas surinkimas iš gyvenamosios vietos ar arti jai esančios, o antras pagal svarbą – supratimas, kad rūšiuojant atliekas prisidedama prie klimatui neigiamų padarinių švelninimo. Trečias pagal svarbą veiksnys yra galimybė naudotis panašia į depozitinės taros surinkimo sistema. Galima teigti, kad svarbiausias veiksnys apsisprendimui rūšiuoti atliekas yra susijęs su ekonomine vertės dimensija, toliau svarbios emocinė ir galiausiai funkcinė vertės dimensijos. Be to, veiksnių svarba priklauso ir nuo amžiaus kategorijos: 18–29 m. amžiaus kategorijoje svarbesnę vietą užima emocinė vertė, o 30–39 ir 40–49 m. amžiaus kategorijose – ekonominė vertės dimensija. Tyrimo rezultatų analizė atskleidė, kad informacija ap
{"title":"Vertės įveiklinimas įtraukiant vartotojus į energetikos sektoriuje vykstančius procesus","authors":"A. Pažėraitė, Rūta Repovienė, Viktorija Grigaliūnaitė","doi":"10.6001/energetika.v67i1.4533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/energetika.v67i1.4533","url":null,"abstract":"Energetikos sektorius yra itin reikšmingas valstybių, organizacijų raidai, svarbų vaidmenį atlieka ir žmogaus gyvenime. Tiek siekis artėti prie klimatui neutralios visuomenės, tiek žiedinės ekonomikos principų diegimas yra priklausomi nuo šių raidos krypčių priimtinumo ir plataus jų pritaikymo. Viena vertus, didelė visuomenės dalis yra linkusi pritarti šioms raidos kryptims, kita vertus, taip pat ženkli visuomenės dalis nėra linkusi aktyviai įsitraukti į energetikos sektoriuje vykstančius procesus ir savo veikla prisidėti prie greitesnio visuotinai priimtų tikslų pasiekimo. Visuomenėje vyrauja nuomonė, kad dėl susiklosčiusios situacijos visų pirma yra atsakingos valstybinės institucijos ir įmonės, bet ne jų pačių vartojimo ir apskritai elgsenos įpročiai. Vartotojų įsitraukimo prielaidos pirmiausia glūdi jų patirtinoje naudoje, kuri neapsiriboja ekonomine ar funkcine vertės dimensijomis, bet apima ir emocinę bei socialinę vertes. Taip pat išryškėja būtinybė tinkamai pranešti ir edukuoti apie patirtiną naudą. Todėl šiame straipsnyje pristatomo tyrimo tikslas yra nustatyti, kas svarbu vertės įveiklinimui įtraukiant vartotojus į energetikos sektoriuje vykstančius procesus. Vertės koncepcijos, vertės įveiklinimo nulemti įsitraukimo tyrimai energetikos sektoriuje prasidėjo visai neseniai ir nepasižymi gausa. Todėl tikslui pasiekti pasirinkta žvalgomojo tyrimo strategija, kuri taikoma tyrinėjant neapibrėžtus ryšius tarp kintamųjų, identifikuojant galimas tolesnių tyrimų kryptis ir formuojant pirmines įžvalgas. Tyrime derinti keli metodai: kokybinis – problemos analizei ekspertiniu požiūriu taikytas interviu metodas; kiekybinis – vartotojų preferencijoms nustatyti taikyta anketinė apklausa. Tyrimo rezultatų analizė parodė, kad svarbiausias veiksnys, lemiantis elektros tiekėjo pasirinkimą, yra siūloma kilovatvalandės kaina. Neatidėliotinas tiekėjo reagavimas į iškilusias problemas, konsultavimas yra antras pagal svarbą veiksnys, o elektros energijos tiekėjo reputacija – trečias pagal svarbą. Rezultatai leidžia teigti, kad svarbiausias veiksnys renkantis elektros tiekėją yra susijęs su ekonomine vertės dimensija, toliau pagal svarbą – funkcinė ir galiausiai emocinė vertės dimensijos. Vertinant apsisprendimą rūšiuoti atliekas, svarbiausias veiksnys yra nemokamas surinkimas iš gyvenamosios vietos ar arti jai esančios, o antras pagal svarbą – supratimas, kad rūšiuojant atliekas prisidedama prie klimatui neigiamų padarinių švelninimo. Trečias pagal svarbą veiksnys yra galimybė naudotis panašia į depozitinės taros surinkimo sistema. Galima teigti, kad svarbiausias veiksnys apsisprendimui rūšiuoti atliekas yra susijęs su ekonomine vertės dimensija, toliau svarbios emocinė ir galiausiai funkcinė vertės dimensijos. Be to, veiksnių svarba priklauso ir nuo amžiaus kategorijos: 18–29 m. amžiaus kategorijoje svarbesnę vietą užima emocinė vertė, o 30–39 ir 40–49 m. amžiaus kategorijose – ekonominė vertės dimensija. Tyrimo rezultatų analizė atskleidė, kad informacija ap","PeriodicalId":35639,"journal":{"name":"Energetika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45153786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.6001/energetika.v67i1.4450
Anatoly Tarelin, Alexander Lyutikov, I. Annopolska
The design and development processes of gas turbine engines rely on the usage of mathematical models representing the physics of engine functioning processes. One way of increasing the validity of a mathematical model is its identification based on engine test results. The identification of mathematical models of modern power-generating gas turbine engines (GTEs) presents a demanding and time-consuming task due to the necessity to identify the main controlled engine parameters determined in the course of experimental studies depending on a large number of the parameters that are not controlled during the experiment. In this regard the actual direction of reducing the labour intensity of the process of mathematical model identification is using identification program complexes. The object of the study was to solve the problem of structural-parametrical identification of the power-generating GTE functioning model detailing the turbine flow path calculations to the level of blade rows in order to obtain the GTE mathematical model that describes the characteristics of a real engine with given accuracy. To achieve the objective, the following problems were solved: variable parameters, controlled parameters and characteristics, ranges of their variations were selected from the total number of the mathematical model input data, the objective functions were defined; the task of the parametric identification according to the results of bench tests through GTE operating modes was performed; analytical approximating dependences for correcting coefficients (variable parameters) were obtained; structural-parametric identification of the mathematical model was performed. The novelty of the obtained results is the identification of the mathematical model of the nonlinear component GTE of the second level performed without model linearization (without its level lowering) by using the Optimum software packages. The methodological approach for the parametric identification of the mathematical model is proposed. This approach allows reducing the number of variable parameters under the modes lower that the maximum. It shows that the identified model allows obtaining the prediction results of the GTE parameters and characteristics through operating modes with a deviation of no more than 1.4% from the experimental data and, therefore, it will allow reduction of terms and an increase in the quality of power unit development.
{"title":"Identification of a mathematical model for a single-shaft power-generating GTE","authors":"Anatoly Tarelin, Alexander Lyutikov, I. Annopolska","doi":"10.6001/energetika.v67i1.4450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/energetika.v67i1.4450","url":null,"abstract":"The design and development processes of gas turbine engines rely on the usage of mathematical models representing the physics of engine functioning processes. One way of increasing the validity of a mathematical model is its identification based on engine test results. The identification of mathematical models of modern power-generating gas turbine engines (GTEs) presents a demanding and time-consuming task due to the necessity to identify the main controlled engine parameters determined in the course of experimental studies depending on a large number of the parameters that are not controlled during the experiment. In this regard the actual direction of reducing the labour intensity of the process of mathematical model identification is using identification program complexes. The object of the study was to solve the problem of structural-parametrical identification of the power-generating GTE functioning model detailing the turbine flow path calculations to the level of blade rows in order to obtain the GTE mathematical model that describes the characteristics of a real engine with given accuracy. To achieve the objective, the following problems were solved: variable parameters, controlled parameters and characteristics, ranges of their variations were selected from the total number of the mathematical model input data, the objective functions were defined; the task of the parametric identification according to the results of bench tests through GTE operating modes was performed; analytical approximating dependences for correcting coefficients (variable parameters) were obtained; structural-parametric identification of the mathematical model was performed. The novelty of the obtained results is the identification of the mathematical model of the nonlinear component GTE of the second level performed without model linearization (without its level lowering) by using the Optimum software packages. The methodological approach for the parametric identification of the mathematical model is proposed. This approach allows reducing the number of variable parameters under the modes lower that the maximum. It shows that the identified model allows obtaining the prediction results of the GTE parameters and characteristics through operating modes with a deviation of no more than 1.4% from the experimental data and, therefore, it will allow reduction of terms and an increase in the quality of power unit development.","PeriodicalId":35639,"journal":{"name":"Energetika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71269511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.6001/energetika.v67i1.4483
O. Iegorov, Olga Iegorova, O. Miroshnyk, A. Cherniuk
Keywords: Induction motor, windings, phase-shifting capacitor, efficiency, positive and reverse sequence currents Induction motors consume almost 70% of the world’s electricity as they are the driving force behind the vast majority of rotary mechanisms [1]. For industrial and domestic purposes alone, about a million new electric motors are commissioned annually. Single-phase induction motors (SPIMs) are superior to all other types of electrical machines that operate on a single-phase AC voltage network because of their simple and robust design and low cost. Therefore, a small improvement in the SPIM energy performance can have a strong impact on energy consumption worldwide and ultimately reduce emissions of harmful substances into environment. This article presents a technique for optimizing SPIM windings in order to maximize efficiency with a given and fixed phase-shifting capacitor. The positive effect of the application of the proposed method is confirmed by the results of SPIM industrial tests with various powers and rotor speeds.
{"title":"A calculated determination and experimental refinement of the optimal value of the single-phase induction motor transformation ratio","authors":"O. Iegorov, Olga Iegorova, O. Miroshnyk, A. Cherniuk","doi":"10.6001/energetika.v67i1.4483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/energetika.v67i1.4483","url":null,"abstract":"Keywords: Induction motor, windings, phase-shifting capacitor, efficiency, positive and reverse sequence currents Induction motors consume almost 70% of the world’s electricity as they are the driving force behind the vast majority of rotary mechanisms [1]. For industrial and domestic purposes alone, about a million new electric motors are commissioned annually. Single-phase induction motors (SPIMs) are superior to all other types of electrical machines that operate on a single-phase AC voltage network because of their simple and robust design and low cost. Therefore, a small improvement in the SPIM energy performance can have a strong impact on energy consumption worldwide and ultimately reduce emissions of harmful substances into environment. This article presents a technique for optimizing SPIM windings in order to maximize efficiency with a given and fixed phase-shifting capacitor. The positive effect of the application of the proposed method is confirmed by the results of SPIM industrial tests with various powers and rotor speeds.","PeriodicalId":35639,"journal":{"name":"Energetika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71269077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-03DOI: 10.6001/energetika.v65i4.4248
Andrius Zuoza, V. Pilinkienė
This paper aims to empirically examine the relations between energy consumption, R&D costs and capital expenditures on the profitability of manufacturing companies in the paper and allied industry. The main focus in this article is on the companies, which are operating in the manufacture of pulp from wood and the paper production industry. Multiple regression analysis was used to test if the energy consumption, R&D costs and capital expenditures significantly predict EBITDA profitability. The results of the regression analysis indicated that all used predictors explained (R2) 35.7% of the company profitability variance (R2 = 0.357, F (3; 80) = 14.82, p-value < 0.01). The performed regression analysis also shows that energy consumption has a significant contribution to the profitability of the company. The results also indicate that only energy consumption explains 12.1% of the profitability variance (R2 = 0.121, F (1; 101) = 13.86, p-value = 0.01). The results of the regression analysis show that EBITDA profitability will increase by about 3.7 · 10–7% for each 1 000 GJ energy consumed.
{"title":"Energy consumption, capital expenditures, R&D cost and company profitability: evidence from paper and allied industry","authors":"Andrius Zuoza, V. Pilinkienė","doi":"10.6001/energetika.v65i4.4248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/energetika.v65i4.4248","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to empirically examine the relations between energy consumption, R&D costs and capital expenditures on the profitability of manufacturing companies in the paper and allied industry. The main focus in this article is on the companies, which are operating in the manufacture of pulp from wood and the paper production industry. Multiple regression analysis was used to test if the energy consumption, R&D costs and capital expenditures significantly predict EBITDA profitability. The results of the regression analysis indicated that all used predictors explained (R2) 35.7% of the company profitability variance (R2 = 0.357, F (3; 80) = 14.82, p-value < 0.01). The performed regression analysis also shows that energy consumption has a significant contribution to the profitability of the company. The results also indicate that only energy consumption explains 12.1% of the profitability variance (R2 = 0.121, F (1; 101) = 13.86, p-value = 0.01). The results of the regression analysis show that EBITDA profitability will increase by about 3.7 · 10–7% for each 1 000 GJ energy consumed.","PeriodicalId":35639,"journal":{"name":"Energetika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41635757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-03DOI: 10.6001/energetika.v65i4.4246
I. Diahovchenko, N. Sushchenko, A. Shulumei, O. Strokin
This paper is focused on the analysis of supply voltage and frequency quality in low voltage and medium voltage distribution power systems. The influence of supply voltage and frequency variations, within the limits defined in the valid standards, on the power network’s parameters has been evaluated using the stochastic theory and the statistical analysis methods. The circuit of RLC-load was considered for numerical evaluation. The probability distribution of supply voltage and frequency was defined and the suggestions on optimum voltage and frequency quality parameters regarding electric energy consumption, power losses and electrical equipment lifespan were given.
{"title":"Influence of supply voltage and frequency variations on the electrical equipment and power consumption in LV and MV distribution networks","authors":"I. Diahovchenko, N. Sushchenko, A. Shulumei, O. Strokin","doi":"10.6001/energetika.v65i4.4246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/energetika.v65i4.4246","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is focused on the analysis of supply voltage and frequency quality in low voltage and medium voltage distribution power systems. The influence of supply voltage and frequency variations, within the limits defined in the valid standards, on the power network’s parameters has been evaluated using the stochastic theory and the statistical analysis methods. The circuit of RLC-load was considered for numerical evaluation. The probability distribution of supply voltage and frequency was defined and the suggestions on optimum voltage and frequency quality parameters regarding electric energy consumption, power losses and electrical equipment lifespan were given.","PeriodicalId":35639,"journal":{"name":"Energetika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48802289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-15DOI: 10.6001/ENERGETIKA.V65I1.3973
O. Shutenko
The article presents results of oil-dissolved gas analysis for 239 units of high-voltage equipment with faults under which acetylene is the key gas. The analysis revealed 13 types of fault with acetylene as the key gas that are differentiated by values of the dissolved gas ratios, their concentrations, and fault nomographs. For each type of fault, graphic domains are plotted that, unlike the nomographs, allow taking into account a possible coordinate drift. A graphic domain based fault identification technique is introduced. The types of fault are briefly described, examples of their identification by different investigators given. Duval Triangle based comparative analysis of the equipment diagnosis data is performed. It is revealed that diagnoses made by different methods may differ significantly both from each other and from actual diagnoses. The results presented allow increasing fault identification accuracy via dissolved gas analysis data.
{"title":"Analysis of gas composition in oil-filled faulty equipment with acetylene as the key gas","authors":"O. Shutenko","doi":"10.6001/ENERGETIKA.V65I1.3973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/ENERGETIKA.V65I1.3973","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents results of oil-dissolved gas analysis for 239 units of high-voltage equipment with faults under which acetylene is the key gas. The analysis revealed 13 types of fault with acetylene as the key gas that are differentiated by values of the dissolved gas ratios, their concentrations, and fault nomographs. For each type of fault, graphic domains are plotted that, unlike the nomographs, allow taking into account a possible coordinate drift. A graphic domain based fault identification technique is introduced. The types of fault are briefly described, examples of their identification by different investigators given. Duval Triangle based comparative analysis of the equipment diagnosis data is performed. It is revealed that diagnoses made by different methods may differ significantly both from each other and from actual diagnoses. The results presented allow increasing fault identification accuracy via dissolved gas analysis data.","PeriodicalId":35639,"journal":{"name":"Energetika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44921916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-15DOI: 10.6001/ENERGETIKA.V65I1.3975
G. Araújo, A. Robalino-López, N. Tapia
The energy sector is an important factor that influences life quality and economic prosperity. Differences in infrastructure, technology and even in culture of each country make it imperative to include their own characteristics into energy analyses, making it necessary to identify the different types of sources of CO2 emissions and their magnitudes. The aim of this paper is to present a foresight analysis of the productive and energy matrices dynamics in Ecuador for the period 2016–2030 and to propose public policy that contributes to sustainable development. In a first stage, the research has an explanatory character, referring to construction of a model, which uses an extended variation of the Kaya Identity where the volume of CO2 emissions may be examined quantifying contributions of productive sectors activity, sectorial energy intensity, energy matrix, and CO2 emission features. Subsequently, the research acquires a predictive-experimental nature, using exploratory scenarios. That allows linking historic and present events with hypothetical futures. In consequence, driving forces of the scenario can be explained and analysed using quantitative modelling based on the Kaya Identity and qualitative narratives. Within this study two scenarios were built. The Business as Usual scenario, without modifying the structure of productive and energy matrices, and the Alternative scenario that seeks to reduce the consumption of oil derivatives in land transport, which consumes 50% of the country’s energy demand. The Alternative scenario, which promotes the use of biofuels, projects to reduce the CO2 emissions from 45.58 to 43.41 Mt of CO2 equivalent for 2030. The policy on biofuels in Ecuador is at an early stage. So, biofuels offer important opportunities: i) diversification of the energy matrix, ii) contribution to energy security, iii) promotion of the growth of the industrial sector, and iv) substitution of fossil fuels and mitigation of the greenhouse gas effects.
{"title":"Energy foresight: Exploration of CO2 reduction policy scenario for Ecuador during 2016–2030","authors":"G. Araújo, A. Robalino-López, N. Tapia","doi":"10.6001/ENERGETIKA.V65I1.3975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/ENERGETIKA.V65I1.3975","url":null,"abstract":"The energy sector is an important factor that influences life quality and economic prosperity. Differences in infrastructure, technology and even in culture of each country make it imperative to include their own characteristics into energy analyses, making it necessary to identify the different types of sources of CO2 emissions and their magnitudes. The aim of this paper is to present a foresight analysis of the productive and energy matrices dynamics in Ecuador for the period 2016–2030 and to propose public policy that contributes to sustainable development. In a first stage, the research has an explanatory character, referring to construction of a model, which uses an extended variation of the Kaya Identity where the volume of CO2 emissions may be examined quantifying contributions of productive sectors activity, sectorial energy intensity, energy matrix, and CO2 emission features. Subsequently, the research acquires a predictive-experimental nature, using exploratory scenarios. That allows linking historic and present events with hypothetical futures. In consequence, driving forces of the scenario can be explained and analysed using quantitative modelling based on the Kaya Identity and qualitative narratives. Within this study two scenarios were built. The Business as Usual scenario, without modifying the structure of productive and energy matrices, and the Alternative scenario that seeks to reduce the consumption of oil derivatives in land transport, which consumes 50% of the country’s energy demand. The Alternative scenario, which promotes the use of biofuels, projects to reduce the CO2 emissions from 45.58 to 43.41 Mt of CO2 equivalent for 2030. The policy on biofuels in Ecuador is at an early stage. So, biofuels offer important opportunities: i) diversification of the energy matrix, ii) contribution to energy security, iii) promotion of the growth of the industrial sector, and iv) substitution of fossil fuels and mitigation of the greenhouse gas effects.","PeriodicalId":35639,"journal":{"name":"Energetika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43029315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-15DOI: 10.6001/ENERGETIKA.V65I1.3979
V. Leonavičius, Justinas Juozaitis, Dainius Genys
Liberalioje demokratinėje valstybėje visuomenės nuomonė tampa privaloma valdymo dalimi. Kiekviena politinė galia, siekdama įgyvendinti vienus ar kitus politinius tikslus, privalo taikyti ir specifinius liberaliai demokratijai būdingus valdymo instrumentus. Tačiau toks uždavinys politinėms galioms tampa nemenku iššūkiu, kadangi šiuolaikinės visuomenės – tai sudėtingas, ypač diferencijuotas skirtingų grupių interesų, įsivaizdavimų ir suvokimų socialinis darinys. Įvairios specifinės visuomenės gyvenimo sritys (energetika, sveikata, švietimas ir t. t.) skirtingų socialinių veikėjų dažniausiai vertinamos nevienodai ar net radikaliai priešingai, todėl, siekdama priimti pozityvius ir konstruktyvius sprendimus, politinė galia turi atsižvelgti arba konstruoti viešąją nuomonę taip, kad ji būtų palanki konkrečiai įgyvendinamai politikai. Viena iš tokių priemonių yra įvairių rizikų konstravimas ir visuomenės įtikinėjimas. Lietuvoje ne kartą yra nagrinėtas visuomenės požiūris į įvairius energetinio saugumo klausimus [1, 2], politikų idėjos [3, 4], tačiau iki šiol nuomonių skirtumai nebuvo gretinami ar analizuojami tarpusavyje. Visuomenės ir atskirų jos grupių subjektyviai suvokiama energetikos sektoriaus ir jo plėtros rizika tampa ypač svarbiu tyrimo objektu, siekiant valdyti energetikos grėsmes ir rizikas bei numatant visuomenės grupių elgesį. Liberalioje demokratinėje valstybėje rizikų apskaičiavimas bei jų viešinimas gali būti panaudotas kaip ypač svarbus energetikos politikos įgyvendinimo (ne)sėkmingas veiksnys. Valdysenos teorija analizuoja įvairių galios institucijų požiūrius ir pastangas panaudoti rizikas, paveikti ir įtikinti piliečius būti palankiai nusiteikusius vykdomos politikos tikslų atžvilgiu. Esminis dabarties Lietuvos energetikos politikos prioritetas – energetinė nepriklausomybė – vienu metu aprėpia ir strateginius šalies interesus, pavyzdžiui, integraciją į Europos Sąjungos energetikos sistemą ir priklausomybės nuo Rusijos energijos išteklių mažinimą, ir visuomenės lūkesčius įsigyti energiją už kaip įmanoma mažesnę kainą [5, 6]. Visuomenės nuomonės apklausos duomenys rodo, kad Lietuvos gyventojai teigiamai vertina šalies strateginius interesus, tačiau energijos išteklių kaina jiems yra svarbiausias prioritetas. Pavyzdžiui, integraciją į Europos Sąjungos energetikos sistemas palaiko daugiau nei 70 % respondentų, o 55,3 % sutinka su nuomone, kad Rusija naudojasi energijos ištekliais, siekdama išlaikyti Lietuvą savo įtakos zonoje. Du trečdaliai (68,7 %) respondentų pirmenybę teikia mažoms energijos išteklių kainoms ir tik trečdalis (30,8 %) – šalies energetiniam savarankiškumui, kuriam būtų reikalingos didesnės finansinės investicijos bei auganti finansinė vartotojų našta [7]. Straipsnyje valdysenos teorijos požiūriu kritiškai pažvelgiama į tai, kaip politinių galių dokumentais ir viešais pareiškimais deklaruojama energetinio saugumo politika dera su tuo pat metu politinių galių konstruojama energetinio saugumo rizika bei su visuomenės energet
{"title":"Energetinio saugumo valdysena Lietuvoje: visuomenės požiūrio ir politikos analizės palyginimas","authors":"V. Leonavičius, Justinas Juozaitis, Dainius Genys","doi":"10.6001/ENERGETIKA.V65I1.3979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/ENERGETIKA.V65I1.3979","url":null,"abstract":"Liberalioje demokratinėje valstybėje visuomenės nuomonė tampa privaloma valdymo dalimi. Kiekviena politinė galia, siekdama įgyvendinti vienus ar kitus politinius tikslus, privalo taikyti ir specifinius liberaliai demokratijai būdingus valdymo instrumentus. Tačiau toks uždavinys politinėms galioms tampa nemenku iššūkiu, kadangi šiuolaikinės visuomenės – tai sudėtingas, ypač diferencijuotas skirtingų grupių interesų, įsivaizdavimų ir suvokimų socialinis darinys. Įvairios specifinės visuomenės gyvenimo sritys (energetika, sveikata, švietimas ir t. t.) skirtingų socialinių veikėjų dažniausiai vertinamos nevienodai ar net radikaliai priešingai, todėl, siekdama priimti pozityvius ir konstruktyvius sprendimus, politinė galia turi atsižvelgti arba konstruoti viešąją nuomonę taip, kad ji būtų palanki konkrečiai įgyvendinamai politikai. Viena iš tokių priemonių yra įvairių rizikų konstravimas ir visuomenės įtikinėjimas. Lietuvoje ne kartą yra nagrinėtas visuomenės požiūris į įvairius energetinio saugumo klausimus [1, 2], politikų idėjos [3, 4], tačiau iki šiol nuomonių skirtumai nebuvo gretinami ar analizuojami tarpusavyje. Visuomenės ir atskirų jos grupių subjektyviai suvokiama energetikos sektoriaus ir jo plėtros rizika tampa ypač svarbiu tyrimo objektu, siekiant valdyti energetikos grėsmes ir rizikas bei numatant visuomenės grupių elgesį. Liberalioje demokratinėje valstybėje rizikų apskaičiavimas bei jų viešinimas gali būti panaudotas kaip ypač svarbus energetikos politikos įgyvendinimo (ne)sėkmingas veiksnys. Valdysenos teorija analizuoja įvairių galios institucijų požiūrius ir pastangas panaudoti rizikas, paveikti ir įtikinti piliečius būti palankiai nusiteikusius vykdomos politikos tikslų atžvilgiu. Esminis dabarties Lietuvos energetikos politikos prioritetas – energetinė nepriklausomybė – vienu metu aprėpia ir strateginius šalies interesus, pavyzdžiui, integraciją į Europos Sąjungos energetikos sistemą ir priklausomybės nuo Rusijos energijos išteklių mažinimą, ir visuomenės lūkesčius įsigyti energiją už kaip įmanoma mažesnę kainą [5, 6]. Visuomenės nuomonės apklausos duomenys rodo, kad Lietuvos gyventojai teigiamai vertina šalies strateginius interesus, tačiau energijos išteklių kaina jiems yra svarbiausias prioritetas. Pavyzdžiui, integraciją į Europos Sąjungos energetikos sistemas palaiko daugiau nei 70 % respondentų, o 55,3 % sutinka su nuomone, kad Rusija naudojasi energijos ištekliais, siekdama išlaikyti Lietuvą savo įtakos zonoje. Du trečdaliai (68,7 %) respondentų pirmenybę teikia mažoms energijos išteklių kainoms ir tik trečdalis (30,8 %) – šalies energetiniam savarankiškumui, kuriam būtų reikalingos didesnės finansinės investicijos bei auganti finansinė vartotojų našta [7]. Straipsnyje valdysenos teorijos požiūriu kritiškai pažvelgiama į tai, kaip politinių galių dokumentais ir viešais pareiškimais deklaruojama energetinio saugumo politika dera su tuo pat metu politinių galių konstruojama energetinio saugumo rizika bei su visuomenės energet","PeriodicalId":35639,"journal":{"name":"Energetika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46488820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-15DOI: 10.6001/ENERGETIKA.V65I1.3971
M. Zellagui, H. Hassan, M. Kraimia
The Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based Wind Turbines Generator (WTG) with traditional Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control provides no inertia response under system frequency events. Recently, the DFIG wind turbines have been equipped with the Virtual Inertia Controller (VIC) to enhance the frequency stability of the power system. However, the conventional VICs with fixed gain have negative effects on the inter-area oscillations of regional networks. To cope with this drawback, this paper proposes a novel adaptive VIC to improve both the inter-area oscillations and frequency stability. In the proposed scheme, the gain of the VIC is dynamically adjusted using fuzzy logic. The effectiveness and control performance of the adaptive fuzzy VIC is evaluated under different frequency events such as loss of generation and three-phase fault with load shedding. The simulation studies are performed on a generic two-area network integrated with a DFIG wind farm, and the comparative results are presented for these three cases: DFIG without VIC, DFIG with fixed gain VIC, and DFIG with adaptive fuzzy VIC. The results confirm the ability of the proposed adaptive fuzzy VIC in improving both the interarea oscillations and frequency stability of the system.
{"title":"DFIG wind turbine under unbalanced power system conditions using adaptive fuzzy virtual inertia controller","authors":"M. Zellagui, H. Hassan, M. Kraimia","doi":"10.6001/ENERGETIKA.V65I1.3971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/ENERGETIKA.V65I1.3971","url":null,"abstract":"The Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based Wind Turbines Generator (WTG) with traditional Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control provides no inertia response under system frequency events. Recently, the DFIG wind turbines have been equipped with the Virtual Inertia Controller (VIC) to enhance the frequency stability of the power system. However, the conventional VICs with fixed gain have negative effects on the inter-area oscillations of regional networks. To cope with this drawback, this paper proposes a novel adaptive VIC to improve both the inter-area oscillations and frequency stability. In the proposed scheme, the gain of the VIC is dynamically adjusted using fuzzy logic. The effectiveness and control performance of the adaptive fuzzy VIC is evaluated under different frequency events such as loss of generation and three-phase fault with load shedding. The simulation studies are performed on a generic two-area network integrated with a DFIG wind farm, and the comparative results are presented for these three cases: DFIG without VIC, DFIG with fixed gain VIC, and DFIG with adaptive fuzzy VIC. The results confirm the ability of the proposed adaptive fuzzy VIC in improving both the interarea oscillations and frequency stability of the system.","PeriodicalId":35639,"journal":{"name":"Energetika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41996136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-15DOI: 10.6001/ENERGETIKA.V65I1.3977
Лариса Сергіївна Ястремська, В.М. Говоруха, О.Б. Таширев, Г.Б. Таширева, О.С. Гаврилюк, О.Ю. Бєлікова, Larysa Iastremska, V. Hovorukha, O. Tashyrev, H. Tashyreva, O. Havryliuk, O. Bielikova
The aim of the work was to optimize the ratio of weight of solid (food waste) and liquid (water) phases in order to ensure high efficiency of molecular hydrogen synthesis and degradation of multi-component food waste. Assessment of the efficiency of fermentation process was carried out using colorimetric and potentiometric methods for pH and redox potential measuring, volumetric and chromatographic methods for volume and composition of gas investigation, and mathematical calculations for fermentation parameters determination. The dynamics of hydrogen fermentation of waste in the horizontal reactor using different ratios of solid (food waste) and liquid (water) phases was investigated. The optimization of the ratio of solid and liquid phases was shown to lead to the increase in efficiency of molecular hydrogen synthesis and destruction of waste particles. The ratio of solid and liquid phases 1:3 was determined to be optimal for the effective synthesis of hydrogen as well as for maximum waste decomposition. It provided effective hydrogen fermentation of multi-component food waste and allowed to rationally use material and technical resources. Obtained results are promising for further development of efficient industrial biotechnologies for waste destruction with the simultaneous synthesis of environmentally friendly energy carrier, i.e. molecular hydrogen.
{"title":"Increase in efficiency of hydrogen production by optimization of food waste fermentation parameters","authors":"Лариса Сергіївна Ястремська, В.М. Говоруха, О.Б. Таширев, Г.Б. Таширева, О.С. Гаврилюк, О.Ю. Бєлікова, Larysa Iastremska, V. Hovorukha, O. Tashyrev, H. Tashyreva, O. Havryliuk, O. Bielikova","doi":"10.6001/ENERGETIKA.V65I1.3977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6001/ENERGETIKA.V65I1.3977","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work was to optimize the ratio of weight of solid (food waste) and liquid (water) phases in order to ensure high efficiency of molecular hydrogen synthesis and degradation of multi-component food waste. Assessment of the efficiency of fermentation process was carried out using colorimetric and potentiometric methods for pH and redox potential measuring, volumetric and chromatographic methods for volume and composition of gas investigation, and mathematical calculations for fermentation parameters determination. The dynamics of hydrogen fermentation of waste in the horizontal reactor using different ratios of solid (food waste) and liquid (water) phases was investigated. The optimization of the ratio of solid and liquid phases was shown to lead to the increase in efficiency of molecular hydrogen synthesis and destruction of waste particles. The ratio of solid and liquid phases 1:3 was determined to be optimal for the effective synthesis of hydrogen as well as for maximum waste decomposition. It provided effective hydrogen fermentation of multi-component food waste and allowed to rationally use material and technical resources. Obtained results are promising for further development of efficient industrial biotechnologies for waste destruction with the simultaneous synthesis of environmentally friendly energy carrier, i.e. molecular hydrogen.","PeriodicalId":35639,"journal":{"name":"Energetika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44088459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：