Risk-sensitive urban development is an innovative planning approach that can transform the way cities are built in order to face the uncertainties that arise from climate-induced disaster risks. There are many actions taken by individuals, households, communities, urban development companies and relevant regulatory bodies to manage the risk through the risk sensitive urban development methods. However, there is a disconnection between the existing urban development projects and urban risk management process. Therefore, urban developers and disaster risk managers should understand each other and collaborate in order to provide a solution for this disconnection. In this regard, identifying the state of the art of a risk sensitive urban development is beneficial for both urban development and disaster management authorities to achieve their objectives. This study therefore explores the state of art revealing indices, models, concepts, tools and approaches which guide both urban developers and disaster managers to achieve risk sensitive urban development. A systematic literature review using PRISMA method covering the publications from 2017 to 2022 was carried out to identify the state of the art in risk sensitive urban development. Having followed a systematic filtering process, a total of 45 out of 281 research contributions have been considered for an in-depth analysis. The study found storm surge disaster loss (SSDL), GRaBS assessment tool and early warning systems as the key approaches of risk sensitive urban development which can lead both urban developers and disaster managers to synchronise their ideas to achieve risk sensitive urban development.
{"title":"State of the art in risk sensitive urban development: A systematic literature review.","authors":"Agu Damsari, M. Thayaparan, T. Fernando","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2022.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.59","url":null,"abstract":"Risk-sensitive urban development is an innovative planning approach that can transform the way cities are built in order to face the uncertainties that arise from climate-induced disaster risks. There are many actions taken by individuals, households, communities, urban development companies and relevant regulatory bodies to manage the risk through the risk sensitive urban development methods. However, there is a disconnection between the existing urban development projects and urban risk management process. Therefore, urban developers and disaster risk managers should understand each other and collaborate in order to provide a solution for this disconnection. In this regard, identifying the state of the art of a risk sensitive urban development is beneficial for both urban development and disaster management authorities to achieve their objectives. This study therefore explores the state of art revealing indices, models, concepts, tools and approaches which guide both urban developers and disaster managers to achieve risk sensitive urban development. A systematic literature review using PRISMA method covering the publications from 2017 to 2022 was carried out to identify the state of the art in risk sensitive urban development. Having followed a systematic filtering process, a total of 45 out of 281 research contributions have been considered for an in-depth analysis. The study found storm surge disaster loss (SSDL), GRaBS assessment tool and early warning systems as the key approaches of risk sensitive urban development which can lead both urban developers and disaster managers to synchronise their ideas to achieve risk sensitive urban development.","PeriodicalId":356554,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 10th World Construction Symposium 2022","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115870120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the last few decades, infrastructure has played a major role in supporting modern society. Moreover, there has been an increase in natural and human-induced disasters worldwide. In these situations, securing infrastructure is a major requirement. Confusion and misinformation can result if the boundaries of what constitutes critical infrastructure for a country are not clearly defined. Identification of critical infrastructure is the first step in the process of securing and protecting the available critical assets. This study aims to establish the infrastructure that can be classified as "critical infrastructure" in Sri Lanka. This includes establishing a clear margin for subsectors that fall within and operate within critical infrastructure and, consequently, ascertaining a clear definition for the critical infrastructure of the nation. This study adopted a mixed-method approach, which included an initial comprehensive literature analysis on infrastructure and the parameters involved in determining the criticality of infrastructure. Secondly, a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were conducted to determine which infrastructure sectors would be most critical to Sri Lanka. The most significant infrastructures with the parameters of national security, economic sustainability, quality of life, public health, and safety, the criticality of infrastructure were ranked in both pre- and post-disaster scenarios, and an appropriate margin for the Sri Lankan critical infrastructure was demonstrated. The emergency services sector was found to have the most significant infrastructure in both pre- and post-disaster situations. Accordingly, the study reveals emergency services, water, energy, transportation, telecommunication, and finance as the critical infrastructures for Sri Lanka.
{"title":"Defining critical infrastructure for Sri Lanka","authors":"Maheshi Randeniya, R. Palliyaguru, D. Amaratunga","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2022.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.26","url":null,"abstract":"In the last few decades, infrastructure has played a major role in supporting modern society. Moreover, there has been an increase in natural and human-induced disasters worldwide. In these situations, securing infrastructure is a major requirement. Confusion and misinformation can result if the boundaries of what constitutes critical infrastructure for a country are not clearly defined. Identification of critical infrastructure is the first step in the process of securing and protecting the available critical assets. This study aims to establish the infrastructure that can be classified as \"critical infrastructure\" in Sri Lanka. This includes establishing a clear margin for subsectors that fall within and operate within critical infrastructure and, consequently, ascertaining a clear definition for the critical infrastructure of the nation. This study adopted a mixed-method approach, which included an initial comprehensive literature analysis on infrastructure and the parameters involved in determining the criticality of infrastructure. Secondly, a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were conducted to determine which infrastructure sectors would be most critical to Sri Lanka. The most significant infrastructures with the parameters of national security, economic sustainability, quality of life, public health, and safety, the criticality of infrastructure were ranked in both pre- and post-disaster scenarios, and an appropriate margin for the Sri Lankan critical infrastructure was demonstrated. The emergency services sector was found to have the most significant infrastructure in both pre- and post-disaster situations. Accordingly, the study reveals emergency services, water, energy, transportation, telecommunication, and finance as the critical infrastructures for Sri Lanka.","PeriodicalId":356554,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 10th World Construction Symposium 2022","volume":"26 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129247019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The design and construction of foundation systems for metro rail projects require effective planning and performing analysis over various alternatives in achieving a suitable cost-effective solution. Often the foundation system is selected based on the Soil Bearing Capacity (SBC) and other onsite constraints are left unconsidered. This results in costly design changes during the execution stages and incurs severe delays in the project. This demands the application of advanced managerial techniques to select costeffective solutions during the design stages of metro rail projects. Value Engineering is one such function-oriented approach used in analyzing the functions of a product or a process and selecting a suitable solution that achieves all the required functions at the lowest possible cost. The application of the value engineering concept in metro rail projects would enable identifying suitable solutions while considering different alternatives over several criteria. Hence, this paper applies value engineering technique for selecting the suitable foundation type for the construction of metro rail projects. A case study of an ongoing metro rail project was considered and three foundation alternative types and nine significant selection criteria were identified. The foundation alternatives were quantitatively analyzed using the weighted evaluation technique. The results indicate that for limited availability of Right of Way (ROW), the foundation with Controlled Low Strength Mortar (CLSM) is highly suitable. In scenarios of limited ROW with less SBC use of pile foundation is identified as a suitable cost-effective foundation type.
{"title":"Value engineering for the selection of a suitable type of foundation in metro rail projects: A case study from India","authors":"A. Vilventhan","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2022.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.76","url":null,"abstract":"The design and construction of foundation systems for metro rail projects require effective planning and performing analysis over various alternatives in achieving a suitable cost-effective solution. Often the foundation system is selected based on the Soil Bearing Capacity (SBC) and other onsite constraints are left unconsidered. This results in costly design changes during the execution stages and incurs severe delays in the project. This demands the application of advanced managerial techniques to select costeffective solutions during the design stages of metro rail projects. Value Engineering is one such function-oriented approach used in analyzing the functions of a product or a process and selecting a suitable solution that achieves all the required functions at the lowest possible cost. The application of the value engineering concept in metro rail projects would enable identifying suitable solutions while considering different alternatives over several criteria. Hence, this paper applies value engineering technique for selecting the suitable foundation type for the construction of metro rail projects. A case study of an ongoing metro rail project was considered and three foundation alternative types and nine significant selection criteria were identified. The foundation alternatives were quantitatively analyzed using the weighted evaluation technique. The results indicate that for limited availability of Right of Way (ROW), the foundation with Controlled Low Strength Mortar (CLSM) is highly suitable. In scenarios of limited ROW with less SBC use of pile foundation is identified as a suitable cost-effective foundation type.","PeriodicalId":356554,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 10th World Construction Symposium 2022","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129564479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The construction industry is seeking ways to reduce waste (material and productionrelated process waste) to improve productivity and efficiency. Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Lean are two vital innovations for the Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Operation (AECO) industry used in the industry to improve aspects of productivity and efficiency. BIM has been used to generate and compare designs to ensure optimum use of resources, reduce design time, improve collaboration between stakeholders, and reduce errors in design and construction. On the other hand, the main agenda of Lean is to reduce (both material and production process) waste, increase value, and thrive for continuous improvement. In the construction industry, BIM and Lean have been mostly used in isolation. However, studies suggest that BIM and Lean have mutual relationships and are complementary to achieve each other’s objectives. To do so, it is very crucial to understand the mechanism behind the relationship and the interaction between BIM and Lean. Informed analysis and understanding of the mutual relationship would help construction management decision-makers to achieve the utmost benefits from the implementation of these two drivers. However, previous studies have explored BIM and Lean relationships, but limited studies were done to support construction management decision-makers in identifying relevant BIM functions to enable Lean or to identify relevant Lean principles to support BIM. Therefore, this paper aims to represent a conceptual BIM-Lean relationship assessment framework by using Design Science Research methodology to identify and measure the relationship between BIM and Lean to support construction management decision-makers.
{"title":"BIM-Lean relationship assessment framework: A conceptual establishment","authors":"Mohammad Afjalur Rahman, S. Belayutham","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2022.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.16","url":null,"abstract":"The construction industry is seeking ways to reduce waste (material and productionrelated process waste) to improve productivity and efficiency. Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Lean are two vital innovations for the Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Operation (AECO) industry used in the industry to improve aspects of productivity and efficiency. BIM has been used to generate and compare designs to ensure optimum use of resources, reduce design time, improve collaboration between stakeholders, and reduce errors in design and construction. On the other hand, the main agenda of Lean is to reduce (both material and production process) waste, increase value, and thrive for continuous improvement. In the construction industry, BIM and Lean have been mostly used in isolation. However, studies suggest that BIM and Lean have mutual relationships and are complementary to achieve each other’s objectives. To do so, it is very crucial to understand the mechanism behind the relationship and the interaction between BIM and Lean. Informed analysis and understanding of the mutual relationship would help construction management decision-makers to achieve the utmost benefits from the implementation of these two drivers. However, previous studies have explored BIM and Lean relationships, but limited studies were done to support construction management decision-makers in identifying relevant BIM functions to enable Lean or to identify relevant Lean principles to support BIM. Therefore, this paper aims to represent a conceptual BIM-Lean relationship assessment framework by using Design Science Research methodology to identify and measure the relationship between BIM and Lean to support construction management decision-makers.","PeriodicalId":356554,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 10th World Construction Symposium 2022","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127372372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R.D.W.W. Jayathilaka, K. Waidyasekara, D. Sirimewan
An accurate budget is important for all construction stakeholders, but it is difficult to maintain the budget within the initial estimation. The contractors’ financial stability tends to complete the projects within the budgeted cost without destructing the contractors’ cash flow. The major impact for the contractors’ budgeted cost overrun in construction projects has happened with the material and labour costs. Therefore, it is necessary to find the contribution of material cost and labour cost to the contractors’ budgeted cost in construction projects to minimise contractors’ budgeted cost overruns. This research aims to analyse the impact of material and labour costs on contractors' budgeted costs in building construction projects, Sri Lanka. Hence, three-building construction projects were selected, and documentary review was the main data collection tool to find the required data. Sensitivity Index (SI) in Sensitivity Analysis was adopted for data analysis. As research outcomes, the average contribution of material cost to the cost of civil work was assessed as 60%, whereas the cost of labour was indicated as 35%. Moreover, plastering, tiling and painting works were identified as the main civil work categories that can highly influence the material and labour cost overruns in Sri Lankan building construction projects and ultimately would impact the contractors’ budgeted cost. Therefore, contractors should pay special attention to the budgeted cost of these work categories when preparing the initial budget.
{"title":"The impact of material and labour cost variables on contactors’ budgeted cost","authors":"R.D.W.W. Jayathilaka, K. Waidyasekara, D. Sirimewan","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2022.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.71","url":null,"abstract":"An accurate budget is important for all construction stakeholders, but it is difficult to maintain the budget within the initial estimation. The contractors’ financial stability tends to complete the projects within the budgeted cost without destructing the contractors’ cash flow. The major impact for the contractors’ budgeted cost overrun in construction projects has happened with the material and labour costs. Therefore, it is necessary to find the contribution of material cost and labour cost to the contractors’ budgeted cost in construction projects to minimise contractors’ budgeted cost overruns. This research aims to analyse the impact of material and labour costs on contractors' budgeted costs in building construction projects, Sri Lanka. Hence, three-building construction projects were selected, and documentary review was the main data collection tool to find the required data. Sensitivity Index (SI) in Sensitivity Analysis was adopted for data analysis. As research outcomes, the average contribution of material cost to the cost of civil work was assessed as 60%, whereas the cost of labour was indicated as 35%. Moreover, plastering, tiling and painting works were identified as the main civil work categories that can highly influence the material and labour cost overruns in Sri Lankan building construction projects and ultimately would impact the contractors’ budgeted cost. Therefore, contractors should pay special attention to the budgeted cost of these work categories when preparing the initial budget.","PeriodicalId":356554,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 10th World Construction Symposium 2022","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126058434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is a connection between public sector and private sector for a long duration with the aim of producing public services. PPP provides a mechanism for governments to bridge the supply-demand gap by developing new facilities in the construction industry. It is an extensive necessity for the Sri Lankan context due to the declining position in economic growth over the past years. Since PPP is already being practiced in Sri Lankan infrastructural projects, it is essential to investigate the ability of PPP to improve the public sector building projects (PSBP) in Sri Lanka (SL). An extensive literature synthesis was carried out to identify the PPP approaches and challenges encountered by PSBP. The challenges encountered by PSBP were validated and updated by conducting a semi-structured preliminary interview to comply with the Sri Lankan context. A questionnaire survey was conducted to identify the ability of PPP approaches to overcome the challenges in PSBP. Data analysis was done by conducting the Relative Important Index (RII) technique. The findings revealed that PPP has a high ability to overcome the challenges encountered by public sector building projects. Therefore PPP can be recommended as a procurement strategy for PSBP in SL.
公私伙伴关系(PPP)是公共部门和私营部门之间长期的联系，目的是提供公共服务。PPP为政府提供了一种机制，通过在建筑行业开发新设施来弥合供需缺口。由于过去几年来斯里兰卡在经济增长方面的地位不断下降，这对斯里兰卡来说是一种广泛的必要性。由于PPP已经在斯里兰卡的基础设施项目中实施，因此有必要调查PPP改善斯里兰卡公共部门建设项目(PSBP)的能力。我们进行了广泛的文献综合，以确定PPP方法和PSBP遇到的挑战。根据斯里兰卡的情况，通过进行半结构化的初步访谈，对PSBP遇到的挑战进行了验证和更新。通过问卷调查来确定PPP方法克服PSBP挑战的能力。采用相对重要指数(Relative Important Index, RII)技术进行数据分析。研究结果显示，PPP模式有很强的能力克服公共部门建设项目所遇到的挑战。因此，可以推荐PPP作为SL PSBP的采购策略。
{"title":"Applicability of public-private partnership to overcome the challenges encountered by public sector building projects in Sri Lanka","authors":"Dmdd Dissanayake, K. Devapriya","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2022.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.10","url":null,"abstract":"Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is a connection between public sector and private sector for a long duration with the aim of producing public services. PPP provides a mechanism for governments to bridge the supply-demand gap by developing new facilities in the construction industry. It is an extensive necessity for the Sri Lankan context due to the declining position in economic growth over the past years. Since PPP is already being practiced in Sri Lankan infrastructural projects, it is essential to investigate the ability of PPP to improve the public sector building projects (PSBP) in Sri Lanka (SL). An extensive literature synthesis was carried out to identify the PPP approaches and challenges encountered by PSBP. The challenges encountered by PSBP were validated and updated by conducting a semi-structured preliminary interview to comply with the Sri Lankan context. A questionnaire survey was conducted to identify the ability of PPP approaches to overcome the challenges in PSBP. Data analysis was done by conducting the Relative Important Index (RII) technique. The findings revealed that PPP has a high ability to overcome the challenges encountered by public sector building projects. Therefore PPP can be recommended as a procurement strategy for PSBP in SL.","PeriodicalId":356554,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 10th World Construction Symposium 2022","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133155655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 outbreak is the greatest global health crisis in many years. It has had a dramatic effect on workforces and workplaces all around the world. The construction industry has been significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and has been challenged to improve the safety and wellbeing of its workforce and control the collapse of construction productivity. The objectives of this study were to identify and rank the factors affecting lack of labour productivity in major contracts during the COVID pandemic and effect of labour productivity on successful project delivery in major contracts during the COVID pandemic in Sri Lanka and to recommend management strategies to combat them. A thorough literature search on recently published literature, industry experiences, reports, and other related documents was performed to collect and categorize the required data. 40 COVID-19 challenges were identified, and the results revealed that 19 factors including absenteeism at work site, travel restrictions, supply chain disruptions, cash flow delays and social isolation due to teleworking. 27 strategies were identified to overcome these challenges, and 14 results demonstrated including avoid material shortage at the site, conduct a risk analysis, create an end-end supply chain map, initiate flexible work schedules to promote social distancing, increase of hygiene of construction. The findings of this study will help the project managers and authorities in the construction industry understand the challenges of the pandemic and adopt effective strategies that will improve the health and safety of their workforce.
{"title":"The effect of labour productivity on successful completion of major contracts during the COVID pandemic in Sri Lanka","authors":"Bmhd Bandaranayake, M. Rathnayake","doi":"10.31705/WCS.2022.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/WCS.2022.67","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 outbreak is the greatest global health crisis in many years. It has had a dramatic effect on workforces and workplaces all around the world. The construction industry has been significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and has been challenged to improve the safety and wellbeing of its workforce and control the collapse of construction productivity. The objectives of this study were to identify and rank the factors affecting lack of labour productivity in major contracts during the COVID pandemic and effect of labour productivity on successful project delivery in major contracts during the COVID pandemic in Sri Lanka and to recommend management strategies to combat them. A thorough literature search on recently published literature, industry experiences, reports, and other related documents was performed to collect and categorize the required data. 40 COVID-19 challenges were identified, and the results revealed that 19 factors including absenteeism at work site, travel restrictions, supply chain disruptions, cash flow delays and social isolation due to teleworking. 27 strategies were identified to overcome these challenges, and 14 results demonstrated including avoid material shortage at the site, conduct a risk analysis, create an end-end supply chain map, initiate flexible work schedules to promote social distancing, increase of hygiene of construction. The findings of this study will help the project managers and authorities in the construction industry understand the challenges of the pandemic and adopt effective strategies that will improve the health and safety of their workforce.","PeriodicalId":356554,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 10th World Construction Symposium 2022","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133342422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Mallawaarachchi, Y. Sandanayake, G. Karunasena, C. Liu
A major drawback in the present industrial system is that the industries are directly discharging industrial effluent to nearest waterbodies in a linear way. Even though, a few of industries have considered reusing treated and untreated wastewater in their industrial premises, it can be further extended towards ‘exchange’ among the multiple industries under the concept of Industrial Symbiosis (IS). Initiating IS-based treated wastewater exchange networks is a novel approach to Sri Lankan industries and there is a lack of a study on potentials and barriers of implementing the concept. Hence, this research aimed to investigate the potentials and barriers for exchanging treated wastewater among industries. In order to achieve the aim, 16 semi-structed interviews were conducted with industry experts in the field of Industrial Water Management (IWM) to collect the data. Code-based content analysis technique was used to analyse the data by applying QSR NVivo.12 software. Findings revealed geographical proximity of industries, willingness of industries to engage in water exchange and industry level water management initiatives as major potentials for initiating water exchange networks. Lack of expected water quality for industrial needs, outdated technologies used in water management and lack of expertise and awareness were identified as major barriers. Accordingly, strategies, such as introducing national policy enhancements, ensuring cultural adaptation, enhancing technology & infrastructure, and empowering research & development, were proposed to overcome the identified barriers to ensure a successful implementation of treated wastewater exchange networks targeting the socioeconomic development of the country.
{"title":"Beyond the reuse: Potentials and barriers for exchanging treated wastewater among the industries in Sri Lanka","authors":"H. Mallawaarachchi, Y. Sandanayake, G. Karunasena, C. Liu","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2022.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.15","url":null,"abstract":"A major drawback in the present industrial system is that the industries are directly discharging industrial effluent to nearest waterbodies in a linear way. Even though, a few of industries have considered reusing treated and untreated wastewater in their industrial premises, it can be further extended towards ‘exchange’ among the multiple industries under the concept of Industrial Symbiosis (IS). Initiating IS-based treated wastewater exchange networks is a novel approach to Sri Lankan industries and there is a lack of a study on potentials and barriers of implementing the concept. Hence, this research aimed to investigate the potentials and barriers for exchanging treated wastewater among industries. In order to achieve the aim, 16 semi-structed interviews were conducted with industry experts in the field of Industrial Water Management (IWM) to collect the data. Code-based content analysis technique was used to analyse the data by applying QSR NVivo.12 software. Findings revealed geographical proximity of industries, willingness of industries to engage in water exchange and industry level water management initiatives as major potentials for initiating water exchange networks. Lack of expected water quality for industrial needs, outdated technologies used in water management and lack of expertise and awareness were identified as major barriers. Accordingly, strategies, such as introducing national policy enhancements, ensuring cultural adaptation, enhancing technology & infrastructure, and empowering research & development, were proposed to overcome the identified barriers to ensure a successful implementation of treated wastewater exchange networks targeting the socioeconomic development of the country.","PeriodicalId":356554,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 10th World Construction Symposium 2022","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133644849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this research is to examine the safety culture of the United States Army Corps of Engineers staff and contractors working on marine construction projects including dredging, beach nourishment, breakwaters, and jetties. A literature review was performed to understand existing issues and to develop a research methodology for the study. Qualitative data research was used to uncover significant themes and help gain a deeper understanding of safety related issues. Twelve construction professions were interviewed using semi-structured interview format. The data was analysed using thematic analysis techniques with an inductive approach to draw conclusions. The results were used to conclude that issues causing safety accidents in the maritime construction sector can be broadly attributed to unforeseen conditions, training, complacency, lack of support of safety and crew unpreparedness. Data from the interviews also indicates ways to improve maritime construction can be broadly categorised under training, improved communication, improved preparation and organisational support for safety.
{"title":"Safety in the maritime construction site: Capturing lessons learned","authors":"J. Rocha, A. Sattineni","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2022.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.57","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research is to examine the safety culture of the United States Army Corps of Engineers staff and contractors working on marine construction projects including dredging, beach nourishment, breakwaters, and jetties. A literature review was performed to understand existing issues and to develop a research methodology for the study. Qualitative data research was used to uncover significant themes and help gain a deeper understanding of safety related issues. Twelve construction professions were interviewed using semi-structured interview format. The data was analysed using thematic analysis techniques with an inductive approach to draw conclusions. The results were used to conclude that issues causing safety accidents in the maritime construction sector can be broadly attributed to unforeseen conditions, training, complacency, lack of support of safety and crew unpreparedness. Data from the interviews also indicates ways to improve maritime construction can be broadly categorised under training, improved communication, improved preparation and organisational support for safety.","PeriodicalId":356554,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 10th World Construction Symposium 2022","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133688113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Progress monitoring of construction work is crucial to identify the discrepancies between the as-built product and as-planned design and take necessary action based on the results. Construction work is time consuming and labour intensive. However, the use of new technologies, such as computer vision (CV), in construction progress monitoring (CPM) can minimise human errors. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the current applications of CV in the construction industry in general and in the different stages of CPM. A qualitative approach based on the Delphi technique comprising two interview rounds was used to collect the required data. The study findings revealed that CPM has seven stages: initial planning, data acquisition, information retrieval, verification, progress estimation and comparison, results visualisation and schedule updating. During these stages, CV can be used in various CPM activities, such as earthmoving operations, crane operations, formwork and rebar tracking, worker activity tracking, safety assurance, landscape identification, work item monitoring and integrating with other technologies. Familiarisation of the workforce with CV and research on the applications of CV in construction can help the construction industry to move with technology and be on par with other industries. This study would enable construction personnel to explore the possibility of applying CV in CPM. Further research on identifying the synergy between CV and CPM can be based on the study findings.
{"title":"Application of computer vision for construction progress monitoring","authors":"H. Moragane, B. Perera, A. D. Palihakkara","doi":"10.31705/wcs.2022.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.11","url":null,"abstract":"Progress monitoring of construction work is crucial to identify the discrepancies between the as-built product and as-planned design and take necessary action based on the results. Construction work is time consuming and labour intensive. However, the use of new technologies, such as computer vision (CV), in construction progress monitoring (CPM) can minimise human errors. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the current applications of CV in the construction industry in general and in the different stages of CPM. A qualitative approach based on the Delphi technique comprising two interview rounds was used to collect the required data. The study findings revealed that CPM has seven stages: initial planning, data acquisition, information retrieval, verification, progress estimation and comparison, results visualisation and schedule updating. During these stages, CV can be used in various CPM activities, such as earthmoving operations, crane operations, formwork and rebar tracking, worker activity tracking, safety assurance, landscape identification, work item monitoring and integrating with other technologies. Familiarisation of the workforce with CV and research on the applications of CV in construction can help the construction industry to move with technology and be on par with other industries. This study would enable construction personnel to explore the possibility of applying CV in CPM. Further research on identifying the synergy between CV and CPM can be based on the study findings.","PeriodicalId":356554,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 10th World Construction Symposium 2022","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114662310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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