The purpose of the author was to present the origin and evolution of the Łodź Voivodeship, created in 1919. Łodź, founded in the 15th century, was a small agricultural town. It grew rapidly in the 19th century when it turned into a major centre of the textile industry. The intensive development of industry and the growth of the population up to 315,000 (in 1897) were not matched by the development of appropriately scaled services nor by adequate administrative functions. The newly created (in 1919) Łodź Voivodeship was made up of adjacent administrative units from the neighbouring voivodeships of Warsaw, Poznan and Kielce. It first comprised 13 counties (poviats), and, from 1938, only eight counties. During the hundred years of its existence, the area of this voivodeship has changed several times – it was the largest in 1939 (20,400 km2) and smallest in the period of 1975–1999 (1,500 km2). Presently (2017), the Łodź Voivodeship covers 18,200 km2. It is divided into 177 com-munes (gmina), 21 counties and three urban counties. There are 44 cities and towns and a population of 2.5 million. Its urba- nisation index is 64%. The population of Łodź city dropped to 690,000 in 2017.
{"title":"Powstanie i podziały administracyjne województwa łódzkiego","authors":"J. Jakóbczyk-Gryszkiewicz","doi":"10.26485/agl/2019/109/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26485/agl/2019/109/3","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the author was to present the origin and evolution of the Łodź Voivodeship, created in 1919. Łodź, founded in the 15th century, was a small agricultural town. It grew rapidly in the 19th century when it turned into a major centre of the textile industry. The intensive development of industry and the growth of the population up to 315,000 (in 1897) were not matched by the development of appropriately scaled services nor by adequate administrative functions. The newly created (in 1919) Łodź Voivodeship was made up of adjacent administrative units from the neighbouring voivodeships of Warsaw, Poznan and Kielce. It first comprised 13 counties (poviats), and, from 1938, only eight counties. During the hundred years of its existence, the area of this voivodeship has changed several times – it was the largest in 1939 (20,400 km2) and smallest in the period of 1975–1999 (1,500 km2). Presently (2017), the Łodź Voivodeship covers 18,200 km2. It is divided into 177 com-munes (gmina), 21 counties and three urban counties. There are 44 cities and towns and a population of 2.5 million. Its urba- nisation index is 64%. The population of Łodź city dropped to 690,000 in 2017.","PeriodicalId":35736,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geographica Lodziensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42679272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents the most important aspects of tourism development in the Łodź region against the background of the most important periods in the development of this phenomenon in Poland. Particular attention has been focused on the last one hundred years, during which the Łodź Voivodeship has existed within the administrative division of the country. The development of the phenomenon was also periodised, and the distinguished periods were characterised, indicating their characteristic features.
{"title":"Zarys rozwoju turystyki w regionie łódzkim","authors":"B. Włodarczyk","doi":"10.26485/agl/2019/109/8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26485/agl/2019/109/8","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the most important aspects of tourism development in the Łodź region against the background of the most important periods in the development of this phenomenon in Poland. Particular attention has been focused on the last one hundred years, during which the Łodź Voivodeship has existed within the administrative division of the country. The development of the phenomenon was also periodised, and the distinguished periods were characterised, indicating their characteristic features.","PeriodicalId":35736,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geographica Lodziensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47065846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the author was to analyse land cover and its changes in the Łodź Voivodeship in the years 2000–2018. Based on CORINE Land Cover data and using GIS tools, analysis of land cover and its changes were performed for three intervals – the years 2000–2006, 2006–2012 and 2012–2018 – in spatial and quantitative terms. This approach allowed the land cover of the studied area to be characterised and the directions, intensity and spatial distribution of changes to be captured. In the study the density of changes was measured using the method of density distribution estimation with the use of non-para-metric nuclear estimators – the kernel function.
{"title":"Pokrycie terenu województwa łódzkiego w latach 2000–2018 w świetle danych Corine Land Cover","authors":"M. Nalej","doi":"10.26485/agl/2019/109/5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26485/agl/2019/109/5","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the author was to analyse land cover and its changes in the Łodź Voivodeship in the years 2000–2018. Based on CORINE Land Cover data and using GIS tools, analysis of land cover and its changes were performed for three intervals – the years 2000–2006, 2006–2012 and 2012–2018 – in spatial and quantitative terms. This approach allowed the land cover of the studied area to be characterised and the directions, intensity and spatial distribution of changes to be captured. In the study the density of changes was measured using the method of density distribution estimation with the use of non-para-metric nuclear estimators – the kernel function.","PeriodicalId":35736,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geographica Lodziensia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42045656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper presents changes in the relief of the Łodź Voivodeship over the past 100 years. In view of a shortage of data, only a few cases of changes to aeolian landforms and to selected forms appearing on the slopes of gullies and other young erosional cuts were described. The transformation of aeolian relief in the last 100 years was associated with the formation of small, initial aeolian hillocks and with the transformation by wind of older late-glacial dunes. The changes to gullies involved rapid transformation of their slope profiles under the influence of soil cultivation and comprised from 2.18 to 51.4% of the gullies’ slopes. As in the case of the dunes, the transformation of the relief both of former Neoholocene gullies, and of young, small, but permanent erosional forms originated on the slopes took place. Relief analysis of aeolian landforms and features occurring on the slopes was preceded by consideration of the vulnerability of the Łodź Voivodeship area to aeolian activity and slope processes.
{"title":"Przemiany wybranych form rzeźby terenu województwa łódzkiego w ostatnim stuleciu","authors":"J. Twardy","doi":"10.26485/agl/2019/109/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26485/agl/2019/109/1","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents changes in the relief of the Łodź Voivodeship over the past 100 years. In view of a shortage of data, only a few cases of changes to aeolian landforms and to selected forms appearing on the slopes of gullies and other young erosional cuts were described. The transformation of aeolian relief in the last 100 years was associated with the formation of small, initial aeolian hillocks and with the transformation by wind of older late-glacial dunes. The changes to gullies involved rapid transformation of their slope profiles under the influence of soil cultivation and comprised from 2.18 to 51.4% of the gullies’ slopes. As in the case of the dunes, the transformation of the relief both of former Neoholocene gullies, and of young, small, but permanent erosional forms originated on the slopes took place. Relief analysis of aeolian landforms and features occurring on the slopes was preceded by consideration of the vulnerability of the Łodź Voivodeship area to aeolian activity and slope processes.","PeriodicalId":35736,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geographica Lodziensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44017635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents the process by which the urban settlement network of Łodź Voivodeship was shaped in geo-graphical, historical and geostatistical terms. For this reason the descriptive statistics and spatial analysis were used in the research, including Wroclaw dendrite, centrographic methods and density function (kernel function). Data were processed in order to apply them using GIS methods and tools. The paper presents a quantitative, spatial and dynamic analysis of changes in the urban settlement network of the Łodź Voivodeship. To this end, information about cities within the borders of the modern Łodź Voivodeship was used, such as: the date of granting of city rights, and the number, geographical location and number of inhabitants of cities. The obtained results provided the basis for indicating the role played in this network by the main city, i.e. Łodź (the capital of the voivodeship) and other cities included in the Łodź agglomeration, and enabled the presentation of processes taking place in the structure of the cities and their distribution.
{"title":"Kształtowanie się miejskiej sieci osadniczej województwa łódzkiego","authors":"I. Jażdżewska, Łukasz Lechowski","doi":"10.26485/agl/2019/109/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26485/agl/2019/109/4","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the process by which the urban settlement network of Łodź Voivodeship was shaped in geo-graphical, historical and geostatistical terms. For this reason the descriptive statistics and spatial analysis were used in the research, including Wroclaw dendrite, centrographic methods and density function (kernel function). Data were processed in order to apply them using GIS methods and tools. The paper presents a quantitative, spatial and dynamic analysis of changes in the urban settlement network of the Łodź Voivodeship. To this end, information about cities within the borders of the modern Łodź Voivodeship was used, such as: the date of granting of city rights, and the number, geographical location and number of inhabitants of cities. The obtained results provided the basis for indicating the role played in this network by the main city, i.e. Łodź (the capital of the voivodeship) and other cities included in the Łodź agglomeration, and enabled the presentation of processes taking place in the structure of the cities and their distribution.","PeriodicalId":35736,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geographica Lodziensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48730264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the paper was to present the temporal and spatial variability of precipitation in the Łodź province in the period 1961–2015. Daily precipitation totals from 20 precipitation stations in the province were used. It was shown that the mean yearly precipitation sum averaged across the province was 582 mm, and at particular stations ranged from 515 to 648. The totals were observed to be highest in the southern part of the province and they dropped to the north, where water deficits happened most often. Summer totals were more than double the winter ones. Spring and autumn precipitation totals were similar, with a slight advantage to spring totals. Daily sums most often fall in the range 1–10 mm. Daily totals exceeding 50 mm were extremely rare, and appeared once every few years, mainly in summer. At the moment, there are no statistically significant changes in the structure and level of precipitation, but there is a slight tendency towards increasing winter totals and decreasing summer totals.
{"title":"Opady atmosferyczne w województwie łódzkim w latach 1961–2015","authors":"J. Wibig, Wojciech Radziun","doi":"10.26485/agl/2019/109/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26485/agl/2019/109/2","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the paper was to present the temporal and spatial variability of precipitation in the Łodź province in the period 1961–2015. Daily precipitation totals from 20 precipitation stations in the province were used. It was shown that the mean yearly precipitation sum averaged across the province was 582 mm, and at particular stations ranged from 515 to 648. The totals were observed to be highest in the southern part of the province and they dropped to the north, where water deficits happened most often. Summer totals were more than double the winter ones. Spring and autumn precipitation totals were similar, with a slight advantage to spring totals. Daily sums most often fall in the range 1–10 mm. Daily totals exceeding 50 mm were extremely rare, and appeared once every few years, mainly in summer. At the moment, there are no statistically significant changes in the structure and level of precipitation, but there is a slight tendency towards increasing winter totals and decreasing summer totals.","PeriodicalId":35736,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geographica Lodziensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42893127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The subject of this study was the development and structural transformation of the population of the Łodź Voivodeship over the last more than one hundred years. Population transformations were analysed for four periods: 1) pre-1918; 2) 1918–1945; 3) 1946–1989; and 4) 1990–2018. A demographic forecast of the Łodź Voivodeship was made up to 2050. The structure of the population of the investigated region was considered, taking into consideration the population according to demographic, socio-economic and socio-cultural divisions and spatial features. The basic aim of the author was to establish general tendencies in the development and restructuring of the population of the Łodź region and its spatial typology.
{"title":"Ludność województwa łódzkiego: rozwój i przemiany strukturalne","authors":"Jerzy Dzieciuchowicz","doi":"10.26485/agl/2019/109/6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26485/agl/2019/109/6","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of this study was the development and structural transformation of the population of the Łodź Voivodeship over the last more than one hundred years. Population transformations were analysed for four periods: 1) pre-1918; 2) 1918–1945; 3) 1946–1989; and 4) 1990–2018. A demographic forecast of the Łodź Voivodeship was made up to 2050. The structure of the population of the investigated region was considered, taking into consideration the population according to demographic, socio-economic and socio-cultural divisions and spatial features. The basic aim of the author was to establish general tendencies in the development and restructuring of the population of the Łodź region and its spatial typology.","PeriodicalId":35736,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geographica Lodziensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49573611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The author has presented a historical outline of the development of university level education in the Łodź Voivode-ship, especially during periods of centrally planned economy (1945–1989) and free market economy (since 1990). Numbers of higher education institutions (public and non-public), of students, of graduates and of academic teachers were analysed. Church and military schools were not considered, because data concerning them were not provided, neither by the Statistics Poland nor by the Łodź Voivodeship Statistical Office. The distribution of extraneous university branches (operating outside Łodź City and even outside of the Łodź Voivodeship) was also discussed.
{"title":"Rozwój szkolnictwa wyższego w województwie łódzkim","authors":"A. Wolaniuk","doi":"10.26485/agl/2019/109/7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26485/agl/2019/109/7","url":null,"abstract":"The author has presented a historical outline of the development of university level education in the Łodź Voivode-ship, especially during periods of centrally planned economy (1945–1989) and free market economy (since 1990). Numbers of higher education institutions (public and non-public), of students, of graduates and of academic teachers were analysed. Church and military schools were not considered, because data concerning them were not provided, neither by the Statistics Poland nor by the Łodź Voivodeship Statistical Office. The distribution of extraneous university branches (operating outside Łodź City and even outside of the Łodź Voivodeship) was also discussed.","PeriodicalId":35736,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geographica Lodziensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49285454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies on local climate of Krakow conducted after the Second World War were based on observations and measu-rements at regular meteorological stations and at short-term measurement points, as well as on mobile measurements and analyses of sodar and satellite data. The diversified landform and the land use/land cover are equally important factors contro-lling the local climate of Krakow. The urban heat island should be studied as an element of the thermal structure of the city, in the meso-scale, including the impact of air temperature inversions and thermal asymmetry of the Vistula river valley in Krakow. Atmospheric precipitation is highly differentiated spatially due to the impact of relief. The annual totals are higher in the city than in the surrounding areas by about 80 mm; the number of days with precipitation is also greater but the latter is true only for daily totals below 5 mm. The location of Krakow in the Vistula river valley and the sheltering effect of the convex landforms to be found south, north and west of the city are the reason for poor natural horizontal and vertical ventilation, which in turn often generates air pollution concentrations above the acceptable levels. The mean annual wind speed in the city centre is 1.8 m·s–1, and the frequency of atmospheric calm reaches 30%.
{"title":"Rozwój badań nad klimatem lokalnym Krakowa","authors":"A. Bokwa","doi":"10.26485/agl/2019/108/1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26485/agl/2019/108/1","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on local climate of Krakow conducted after the Second World War were based on observations and measu-rements at regular meteorological stations and at short-term measurement points, as well as on mobile measurements and analyses of sodar and satellite data. The diversified landform and the land use/land cover are equally important factors contro-lling the local climate of Krakow. The urban heat island should be studied as an element of the thermal structure of the city, in the meso-scale, including the impact of air temperature inversions and thermal asymmetry of the Vistula river valley in Krakow. Atmospheric precipitation is highly differentiated spatially due to the impact of relief. The annual totals are higher in the city than in the surrounding areas by about 80 mm; the number of days with precipitation is also greater but the latter is true only for daily totals below 5 mm. The location of Krakow in the Vistula river valley and the sheltering effect of the convex landforms to be found south, north and west of the city are the reason for poor natural horizontal and vertical ventilation, which in turn often generates air pollution concentrations above the acceptable levels. The mean annual wind speed in the city centre is 1.8 m·s–1, and the frequency of atmospheric calm reaches 30%.","PeriodicalId":35736,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geographica Lodziensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43365312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
–. Główiniec, –. Sołacz, Pl. Bernardyński, –. Szczepankowo
The article describes the most important results from selected papers concerning the climate of Poznań. The structure of the paper is twofold. The first part presents articles and topics which are based on the data recoded in the Poznań-Ławica airport meteorological station. The second part presents papers where, in addition to data from the airport station, data from the network measurements of municipal stations are also included. This section contains issues concerning the urban heat island, the surface urban heat island, relations between the urban heat island and atmospheric circulation, the characteristics of air temperature and surface temperature according to the Corine Land Cover classification types, as well as information on the creation of a statistical model of air temperature in town according to satellite and in situ data derived from municipal station.
{"title":"The State of Poznań climate research with particular focus on the air temperature and urban heat island phenomenon","authors":"–. Główiniec, –. Sołacz, Pl. Bernardyński, –. Szczepankowo","doi":"10.26485/agl/2019/108/6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26485/agl/2019/108/6","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the most important results from selected papers concerning the climate of Poznań. The structure of the paper is twofold. The first part presents articles and topics which are based on the data recoded in the Poznań-Ławica airport meteorological station. The second part presents papers where, in addition to data from the airport station, data from the network measurements of municipal stations are also included. This section contains issues concerning the urban heat island, the surface urban heat island, relations between the urban heat island and atmospheric circulation, the characteristics of air temperature and surface temperature according to the Corine Land Cover classification types, as well as information on the creation of a statistical model of air temperature in town according to satellite and in situ data derived from municipal station.","PeriodicalId":35736,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geographica Lodziensia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69338582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：