Upper Pleistocene and Holocene eolian sand mantles the topography in the northwestern Albuquerque Basin. A series of 12 OSL ages from surficial deposits along the Paseo del Volcan corridor, Rio Rancho, Sandoval County, indicates that the main body of eolian sand was deposited with a thickness of 0.5–1.4 m during the period from 16 to 10 ka. A red calcic paleosol with stage I carbonate morphology formed in the sand during the Holocene. The OSL-dated sand has a net sedimentation rate of 0.026 cm per year. Eight archaeological sites with features that intrude into the upper Pleistocene eolian sand are radiocarbon dated 4,600–580 14C yrs b.p. The surface of the sand and its paleosol are truncated by sheet erosion. The top portions of features at the archaeological sites as well as most artifacts have been removed by erosion. Underlying the upper Pleistocene sand is an eroded eolian silty sand with a pink calcic paleosol with stage II carbonate morphology and an OSL estimated age ~130 ka. The eolian sand covers an alluvial/colluvial gravelly sand containing a paleosol with stage III carbonate morphology that may be Miocene. The OSLdated eolian cover sand along the Paseo del Volcan corridor has few equivalents in the region.
上更新世和全新世风成沙覆盖了阿尔伯克基盆地西北部的地形。对桑多瓦尔县里约热内卢Rancho地区Paseo del Volcan走廊表层沉积物进行了12个OSL年龄测定，表明该地区风成砂主体沉积时间为16 ~ 10 ka，厚度为0.5 ~ 1.4 m。全新世砂中形成的一种具有I期碳酸盐形态的红色钙质古土壤。ols定年砂的净沉积速率为0.026 cm /年。8个具有侵入上更新世风成沙特征的考古遗址的放射性碳年代为4600 - 580 14C b.p。沙的表面及其古土壤被片状侵蚀截断。考古遗址的顶部部分以及大多数文物都被侵蚀掉了。下伏于上更新世砂层的是一种侵蚀风成粉质砂，具有ⅱ期碳酸盐形态的粉红色钙质古土壤，OSL估计年龄约130ka。风成砂覆盖一层冲积/崩积砾石砂，含第三纪碳酸盐古土壤，可能为中新世。沿着火山走廊的奥斯勒年代的风成覆盖沙在该地区几乎没有类似的。
{"title":"OSL ages of upper Quaternary eolian sand and paleosols, northwest Albuquerque Basin, New Mexico","authors":"S. Hall, R. Goble, G. Raymond","doi":"10.58799/nmg-v30n2.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58799/nmg-v30n2.39","url":null,"abstract":"Upper Pleistocene and Holocene eolian sand mantles the topography in the northwestern Albuquerque Basin. A series of 12 OSL ages from surficial deposits along the Paseo del Volcan corridor, Rio Rancho, Sandoval County, indicates that the main body of eolian sand was deposited with a thickness of 0.5–1.4 m during the period from 16 to 10 ka. A red calcic paleosol with stage I carbonate morphology formed in the sand during the Holocene. The OSL-dated sand has a net sedimentation rate of 0.026 cm per year. Eight archaeological sites with features that intrude into the upper Pleistocene eolian sand are radiocarbon dated 4,600–580 14C yrs b.p. The surface of the sand and its paleosol are truncated by sheet erosion. The top portions of features at the archaeological sites as well as most artifacts have been removed by erosion. Underlying the upper Pleistocene sand is an eroded eolian silty sand with a pink calcic paleosol with stage II carbonate morphology and an OSL estimated age ~130 ka. The eolian sand covers an alluvial/colluvial gravelly sand containing a paleosol with stage III carbonate morphology that may be Miocene. The OSLdated eolian cover sand along the Paseo del Volcan corridor has few equivalents in the region.","PeriodicalId":35824,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71174065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rossi-Forel (RF) intensities reported by Reid (1911) for the three strongest earthquakes in the 1906–1907 Socorro earthquake swarm are used to estimate magnitudes, locations, and fault parameters. RF intensities have been converted to Modified Mercalli (MM) intensities using the relationships by Richter (1958) and then to peak ground accelerations (PGAs) using empirical equations established by Wald et al. (1999). Final estimates of magnitudes were obtained from the distribution of PGAs versus distances beyond 50 km (31 mi) using the attenuation relationship of Spudich et al. (1999). The procedure yielded local magnitudes of 5.57 (12 July 1906), 5.76 (16 July 1906), and 6.18 (15 November 1906). Further analysis revealed that these earthquakes had to occur very near Socorro, most likely on the Socorro Canyon fault, a major Quaternary fault of the Rio Grande rift (Machette and Chamberlin 1997a, b; Phillips et al. 2003). Rupture parameters based on the estimated magnitudes (Wells and Coppersmith 1994) indicate that only the 15 November 1906 earthquake would have had a chance to rupture the surface, but the displacement would probably be too small to detect.
Reid(1911)报告的1906-1907年Socorro地震群中三次最强地震的Rossi-Forel (RF)烈度用于估计震级、位置和断层参数。使用Richter(1958)的关系将射频强度转换为修正Mercalli (MM)强度，然后使用Wald等人(1999)建立的经验方程将射频强度转换为峰值地面加速度(PGAs)。最后的震级估计是利用Spudich等人(1999)的衰减关系，从pga在50公里(31英里)以外的分布中获得的。该过程产生的局部震级分别为5.57(1906年7月12日)、5.76(1906年7月16日)和6.18(1906年11月15日)。进一步的分析表明，这些地震必须发生在索科罗附近，最有可能发生在索科罗峡谷断层上，这是b里约热内卢大裂谷的一个主要第四纪断层(Machette和Chamberlin 1997a, b;Phillips et al. 2003)。基于估计震级的破裂参数(Wells and Coppersmith 1994)表明，只有1906年11月15日的地震才有可能使地表破裂，但位移可能太小而无法检测到。
{"title":"New estimates of the magnitudes and locations for the strongest earthquakes in 1906-1907 Socorro, New Mexico, earthquake swarm","authors":"A. Sanford","doi":"10.58799/nmg-v30n4.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58799/nmg-v30n4.107","url":null,"abstract":"Rossi-Forel (RF) intensities reported by Reid (1911) for the three strongest earthquakes in the 1906–1907 Socorro earthquake swarm are used to estimate magnitudes, locations, and fault parameters. RF intensities have been converted to Modified Mercalli (MM) intensities using the relationships by Richter (1958) and then to peak ground accelerations (PGAs) using empirical equations established by Wald et al. (1999). Final estimates of magnitudes were obtained from the distribution of PGAs versus distances beyond 50 km (31 mi) using the attenuation relationship of Spudich et al. (1999). The procedure yielded local magnitudes of 5.57 (12 July 1906), 5.76 (16 July 1906), and 6.18 (15 November 1906). Further analysis revealed that these earthquakes had to occur very near Socorro, most likely on the Socorro Canyon fault, a major Quaternary fault of the Rio Grande rift (Machette and Chamberlin 1997a, b; Phillips et al. 2003). Rupture parameters based on the estimated magnitudes (Wells and Coppersmith 1994) indicate that only the 15 November 1906 earthquake would have had a chance to rupture the surface, but the displacement would probably be too small to detect.","PeriodicalId":35824,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71174423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent geologic mapping refines the stratigraphic nomenclature of the Santa Fe Group in the Albuquerque Basin of the Rio Grande rift of central New Mexico. Discovery of an unconformity requires modifications to the stratigraphic nomenclature of the Santa Fe Group in the western Albuquerque Basin. The Rincones paleosurface represents a tectonostratigraphic boundary that separates slightly tilted, upper Miocene sediments of the Arroyo Ojito Formation from overlying, weakly consolidated, and subhorizontally stratified deposits of the Pliocene Ceja Formation. Correlation of the Rincones paleosurface constrains the distribution of component depositional belts across much of the basin and resolves a long-standing problem with stratigraphic correlations within the Albuquerque Basin. Revisions to the Santa Fe Group stratigraphic nomenclature in the northwestern Albuquerque Basin are intended to aid in future geologic mapping activities and in the interpretation of geologic compilations of the Albuquerque Basin. Use of the term “middle red formation” (or member) should be discontinued because it is ambiguously defined. The following revisions are proposed: raise the Cerro Conejo Member of the Zia Formation to formation rank; propose the Picuda Peak Member for the upper part of the Arroyo Ojito Formation; elevate the Ceja Member of the Arroyo Ojito Formation to formation rank and locally divide it into the Atrisco, Santa Ana Mesa, and Rio Puerco Members. The Pantadeleon Formation has similar composition to, and occupies the same stratigraphic position as, the Ceja Formation and should be abandoned as redundant to the senior term Ceja Formation.
最近的地质制图完善了新墨西哥州中部里约热内卢格兰德裂谷的阿尔伯克基盆地Santa Fe群的地层命名。发现不整合需要修改阿尔伯克基盆地西部Santa Fe群的地层命名。Rincones古表面代表了一个构造地层边界，它将Arroyo Ojito组的上中新世微倾斜沉积物与上新世Ceja组的上覆弱固结亚水平分层沉积物分开。rincone古地表对比限制了盆地大部分地区组分沉积带的分布，解决了阿尔伯克基盆地地层对比的长期问题。对阿尔伯克基盆地西北部Santa Fe群地层命名法的修订旨在帮助未来的地质测绘活动和对阿尔伯克基盆地地质汇编的解释。应停止使用术语“中间红色地层”(或成员)，因为它的定义含糊不清。建议修改如下:将齐亚编队塞罗·科内霍成员提升为编队军衔;提出了Arroyo Ojito组上部为Picuda峰段;将Arroyo Ojito编队的Ceja成员提升到编队级别，并在当地将其分为Atrisco, Santa Ana Mesa和里约热内卢Puerco成员。Pantadeleon组与Ceja组具有相似的组成和相同的地层位置，应作为Ceja组高级术语的冗余而放弃。
{"title":"Refinements to the stratigraphic nomenclature of the Santa Fe Group, northwestern Albuquerque Basin, New Mexico","authors":"S. Connell","doi":"10.58799/nmg-v30n1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58799/nmg-v30n1.14","url":null,"abstract":"Recent geologic mapping refines the stratigraphic nomenclature of the Santa Fe Group in the Albuquerque Basin of the Rio Grande rift of central New Mexico. Discovery of an unconformity requires modifications to the stratigraphic nomenclature of the Santa Fe Group in the western Albuquerque Basin. The Rincones paleosurface represents a tectonostratigraphic boundary that separates slightly tilted, upper Miocene sediments of the Arroyo Ojito Formation from overlying, weakly consolidated, and subhorizontally stratified deposits of the Pliocene Ceja Formation. Correlation of the Rincones paleosurface constrains the distribution of component depositional belts across much of the basin and resolves a long-standing problem with stratigraphic correlations within the Albuquerque Basin. Revisions to the Santa Fe Group stratigraphic nomenclature in the northwestern Albuquerque Basin are intended to aid in future geologic mapping activities and in the interpretation of geologic compilations of the Albuquerque Basin. Use of the term “middle red formation” (or member) should be discontinued because it is ambiguously defined. The following revisions are proposed: raise the Cerro Conejo Member of the Zia Formation to formation rank; propose the Picuda Peak Member for the upper part of the Arroyo Ojito Formation; elevate the Ceja Member of the Arroyo Ojito Formation to formation rank and locally divide it into the Atrisco, Santa Ana Mesa, and Rio Puerco Members. The Pantadeleon Formation has similar composition to, and occupies the same stratigraphic position as, the Ceja Formation and should be abandoned as redundant to the senior term Ceja Formation.","PeriodicalId":35824,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71174048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Banco Bonito rhyolite flow is the youngest member of the El Cajete Series of the Valles Rhyolite Formation and represents the latest stages of extrusive volcanism associated with the Jemez Mountains volcanic field and the Valles caldera . The age of the Banco Bonito is important to understand the eruptive history and to evaluate volcanic hazards in the region . In this study we have applied optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating to a baked colluvial sediment layer immediately below the lava flow . Three distinct sets of ages emerged . OSL SAR ages from quartz sand averaged 140 ± 22 ka, corresponding to fission track ages for the Banco Bonito of ca . 130–140 ka (Marvin and Dobson 1979; Miyaji et al . 1985) . Measured IRSL MAAD ages from polymineral fine silts averaged 20 .7 ± 2 .5 ka, corresponding to a sizable group of electron spin resonance (ESR) ages from members of the El Cajete Series (Ogoh et al . 1993) . IRSL MAAD ages incorporating a regionally inferred data correction averaged 34 .0 ± 4 .2 ka, corresponding with cosmogenic 21Ne ages for the Banco Bonito (Phillips et al . 1997) . These correspondences may be linked to recurring thermal events in the caldera, as has been interpreted by past researchers but, ultimately, the OSL ages do not resolve the eruption age of the Banco Bonito flow .
Banco Bonito流纹岩流是Valles流纹岩组El Cajete系列中最年轻的成员，代表了与Jemez山脉火山场和Valles破火山口相关的最新喷发火山作用阶段。Bonito Banco的年龄对于了解该地区的喷发历史和评估火山危害具有重要意义。在这项研究中，我们应用光学刺激发光(OSL)测定了熔岩流下面的一个烘烤的崩塌沉积层。出现了三组不同的年龄。石英砂OSL SAR年龄平均为140±22 ka，与Bonito Banco的裂变径迹年龄相对应。130-140 ka (Marvin and Dobson 1979;Miyaji等人。1985)。从多矿物细粉砂中测量到的IRSL MAAD年龄平均为20.7±2.5 ka，与El Cajete系列成员(Ogoh等)的相当大的电子自旋共振(ESR)年龄相对应。1993)。包含区域推断数据校正的IRSL MAAD年龄平均为34.0±4.2 ka，与Banco Bonito (Phillips等)的宇宙成因21Ne年龄相对应。1997)。这些对应可能与破火山口反复出现的热事件有关，正如过去的研究人员所解释的那样，但最终，OSL年龄并不能解决Banco Bonito流的喷发年龄。
{"title":"Yet another atempt to date the Banco Bonito rhyolite, the youngest volcanic flow in the Valles caldera, New Mexico","authors":"K. Lepper, and Fraser Goff and Fraser Goff","doi":"10.58799/nmg-v29n4.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58799/nmg-v29n4.117","url":null,"abstract":"The Banco Bonito rhyolite flow is the youngest member of the El Cajete Series of the Valles Rhyolite Formation and represents the latest stages of extrusive volcanism associated with the Jemez Mountains volcanic field and the Valles caldera . The age of the Banco Bonito is important to understand the eruptive history and to evaluate volcanic hazards in the region . In this study we have applied optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating to a baked colluvial sediment layer immediately below the lava flow . Three distinct sets of ages emerged . OSL SAR ages from quartz sand averaged 140 ± 22 ka, corresponding to fission track ages for the Banco Bonito of ca . 130–140 ka (Marvin and Dobson 1979; Miyaji et al . 1985) . Measured IRSL MAAD ages from polymineral fine silts averaged 20 .7 ± 2 .5 ka, corresponding to a sizable group of electron spin resonance (ESR) ages from members of the El Cajete Series (Ogoh et al . 1993) . IRSL MAAD ages incorporating a regionally inferred data correction averaged 34 .0 ± 4 .2 ka, corresponding with cosmogenic 21Ne ages for the Banco Bonito (Phillips et al . 1997) . These correspondences may be linked to recurring thermal events in the caldera, as has been interpreted by past researchers but, ultimately, the OSL ages do not resolve the eruption age of the Banco Bonito flow .","PeriodicalId":35824,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71173221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Five inset levels of Pleistocene fluvial deposits indicating former and present positions of the Rio Grande are differentiated between San Felipe Pueblo and Los Lunas, New Mexico. All have coarse-grained, wellrounded cobble-gravel bases overlain by varying amounts of finer-grained and more poorly sorted sediments. This paper formalizes (with modification) three fluvial deposits informally proposed by P. W. Lambert in 1968: Los Duranes Formation, Menaul Member, and Edith Formation. This paper also introduces three new stratigraphic terms to complete the succession of fluvial deposits mapped in the Albuquerque area: the Lomatas Negras Formation, Arenal Formation, and Los Padillas Formation. A fluvially recycled volcanic ash, exposed in the oldest and highest inset deposit, the Lomatas Negras Formation, is geochemically indistinguishable from the middle Pleistocene Lava Creek B tephra (Yellowstone caldera; 640 ka). This ash places the youngest age limit on the initiation of incision of the Rio Grande valley in the Albuquerque area. The (middle Pleistocene) Edith Formation appears to be the second oldest inset deposit. The (middle Pleistocene) Los Duranes Formation aggraded during the eruption of the Albuquerque Volcanoes (156 ka) and had ceased by the time of the Cat Hills lava flow (98–110 ka). The Arenal Formation is inset into Los Duranes Formation and is late Pleistocene in age. Los Padillas Formation designates the 15–25 m of deposits beneath the inner valley floor and had reached nearly its current upper level by late Holocene time. The preserved sequence of deposits suggests that substantial shifts in stream power, sediment supply, and climate are responsible for each of the fluvial deposits associated with former and current positions of the Rio Grande.
{"title":"Geomorphology and stratigraphy of inset fluvial deposits along the Rio Grande valley in the central Albuquerque Basin, New Mexico","authors":"S. Connell, D. Love, N. Dunbar","doi":"10.58799/nmg-v29n1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58799/nmg-v29n1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Five inset levels of Pleistocene fluvial deposits indicating former and present positions of the Rio Grande are differentiated between San Felipe Pueblo and Los Lunas, New Mexico. All have coarse-grained, wellrounded cobble-gravel bases overlain by varying amounts of finer-grained and more poorly sorted sediments. This paper formalizes (with modification) three fluvial deposits informally proposed by P. W. Lambert in 1968: Los Duranes Formation, Menaul Member, and Edith Formation. This paper also introduces three new stratigraphic terms to complete the succession of fluvial deposits mapped in the Albuquerque area: the Lomatas Negras Formation, Arenal Formation, and Los Padillas Formation. A fluvially recycled volcanic ash, exposed in the oldest and highest inset deposit, the Lomatas Negras Formation, is geochemically indistinguishable from the middle Pleistocene Lava Creek B tephra (Yellowstone caldera; 640 ka). This ash places the youngest age limit on the initiation of incision of the Rio Grande valley in the Albuquerque area. The (middle Pleistocene) Edith Formation appears to be the second oldest inset deposit. The (middle Pleistocene) Los Duranes Formation aggraded during the eruption of the Albuquerque Volcanoes (156 ka) and had ceased by the time of the Cat Hills lava flow (98–110 ka). The Arenal Formation is inset into Los Duranes Formation and is late Pleistocene in age. Los Padillas Formation designates the 15–25 m of deposits beneath the inner valley floor and had reached nearly its current upper level by late Holocene time. The preserved sequence of deposits suggests that substantial shifts in stream power, sediment supply, and climate are responsible for each of the fluvial deposits associated with former and current positions of the Rio Grande.","PeriodicalId":35824,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71173371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Results from luminescence dating on 13 samples from the Albuquerque area show that major-drainage fluvial deposits represent significant periods of aggradation that formed paired, correlatable terraces on the east and west margins of the Rio Grande valley . The youngest terrace fills (Primero Alto) formed during late Pleistocene as a result of streamflow variations with climate cooling during Marine Oxygen-Isotope Stage 3; our ages suggest aggradation of the upper part of the fill occurred at about 47–40 ka . Deposits of the second (Segundo Alto) terraces reached maximum height during climate cooling in the early part of Marine Oxygen-Isotope Stage 5 as late as 90–98 ka (based on dated basalt flows) . Our luminescence ages show considerable scatter and tend to be younger (range from 63 ka to 162 ka) . The third (Tercero Alto) and fourth (Cuarto Alto) terraces are dated on the basis of included volcanic tephra . Tercero Alto terrace-fill deposits contain the Lava Creek B tephra (639 ka), and Cuarto Alto terrace-fill deposits contain tephra of the younger Bandelier Tuff eruption (1 . 22 Ma), the Cerro Toledo Rhyolite (1 .47 Ma), and the older Bandelier Tuff eruption (1 . 61 Ma) . These periods of aggradation culminated in fluvial terraces that are preserved at maximum heights of 360 ft (Cuarto Alto), 300 ft (Tercero Alto), 140 ft (Segundo Alto), and 60 ft (Primero Alto) above the modern floodplain . Despite lithologic differences related to local source-area contributions, these terracefill deposits can be correlated across the Rio Grande and up- and down-valley for tens of miles based on maximum height of the terrace above the modern floodplain .
{"title":"Ages of Quaternary Rio Grande terrace-fill deposits, Albuquerque area, New Mexico","authors":"J. C. Cole, S. Mahan, B. Stone, R. Shroba","doi":"10.58799/nmg-v29n4.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58799/nmg-v29n4.122","url":null,"abstract":"Results from luminescence dating on 13 samples from the Albuquerque area show that major-drainage fluvial deposits represent significant periods of aggradation that formed paired, correlatable terraces on the east and west margins of the Rio Grande valley . The youngest terrace fills (Primero Alto) formed during late Pleistocene as a result of streamflow variations with climate cooling during Marine Oxygen-Isotope Stage 3; our ages suggest aggradation of the upper part of the fill occurred at about 47–40 ka . Deposits of the second (Segundo Alto) terraces reached maximum height during climate cooling in the early part of Marine Oxygen-Isotope Stage 5 as late as 90–98 ka (based on dated basalt flows) . Our luminescence ages show considerable scatter and tend to be younger (range from 63 ka to 162 ka) . The third (Tercero Alto) and fourth (Cuarto Alto) terraces are dated on the basis of included volcanic tephra . Tercero Alto terrace-fill deposits contain the Lava Creek B tephra (639 ka), and Cuarto Alto terrace-fill deposits contain tephra of the younger Bandelier Tuff eruption (1 . 22 Ma), the Cerro Toledo Rhyolite (1 .47 Ma), and the older Bandelier Tuff eruption (1 . 61 Ma) . These periods of aggradation culminated in fluvial terraces that are preserved at maximum heights of 360 ft (Cuarto Alto), 300 ft (Tercero Alto), 140 ft (Segundo Alto), and 60 ft (Primero Alto) above the modern floodplain . Despite lithologic differences related to local source-area contributions, these terracefill deposits can be correlated across the Rio Grande and up- and down-valley for tens of miles based on maximum height of the terrace above the modern floodplain .","PeriodicalId":35824,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71173233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A late Pleistocene ( Rancholabrean) fossil site containing partial to nearly complete articu lated skeletons of large mammals preserved in fissure deposits was discovered in 2005 at the White Mesa mine near San Ysidro in San doval County, north-central New Mexico. The fissures are in gypsum of the Jurassic Todilto Formation. Structural analysis suggests the fissures opened to the surface during the Pleistocene in response to extension associ ated with the Rio Grande rift. Bones were found approximately 9–12 m (30–40 ft) below the modern land surface in three different fis sures within approximately a 15-m (~50-ft) radius. Four species of large mammals are preserved in the fissures, each known from at least one partial to nearly complete skeleton: stilt-legged horse ( Equus cf. E. francisci), camel (Camelops hesternus), extinct bison (Bison antiquus), and mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus).
2005年，在新墨西哥州中北部圣多瓦尔县圣伊西德罗附近的怀特梅萨矿，发现了一个晚更新世(Rancholabrean)化石遗址，其中包含部分或几乎完整的大型哺乳动物关节骨骼，这些骨骼保存在裂缝沉积物中。裂缝为侏罗系Todilto组的石膏裂缝。构造分析表明，这些裂缝是在更新世与里约热内卢大裂谷相关的伸展作用下向地表开放的。在现代陆地表面下大约9-12米(30-40英尺)的地方，在大约15米(~50英尺)半径内的三个不同的裂缝中发现了骨头。裂缝中保存了四种大型哺乳动物，每一种都至少有一具部分到近乎完整的骨架:高脚马(Equus cf. E. francisci)、骆驼(Camelops hesternus)、灭绝的野牛(bison antiquus)和骡鹿(Odocoileus hemionus)。
{"title":"Late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean) mammals from fissure deposits in the Jurassic Todilto Formation, White Mesa mine, Sandoval County, north-central New Mexico","authors":"G. Morgan, L. Rinehart","doi":"10.58799/nmg-v29n2.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58799/nmg-v29n2.39","url":null,"abstract":"A late Pleistocene ( Rancholabrean) fossil site containing partial to nearly complete articu lated skeletons of large mammals preserved in fissure deposits was discovered in 2005 at the White Mesa mine near San Ysidro in San doval County, north-central New Mexico. The fissures are in gypsum of the Jurassic Todilto Formation. Structural analysis suggests the fissures opened to the surface during the Pleistocene in response to extension associ ated with the Rio Grande rift. Bones were found approximately 9–12 m (30–40 ft) below the modern land surface in three different fis sures within approximately a 15-m (~50-ft) radius. Four species of large mammals are preserved in the fissures, each known from at least one partial to nearly complete skeleton: stilt-legged horse ( Equus cf. E. francisci), camel (Camelops hesternus), extinct bison (Bison antiquus), and mule deer ( Odocoileus hemionus).","PeriodicalId":35824,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71173096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the Robledo Mountains, approximately 100 m of interbedded red beds, gray shale, and limestone were mapped as the Abo Tongue of the Hueco Formation by Seager et al . (in press), whereas similar strata in the Doña Ana Mountains were assigned to the Abo Formation by Seager et al . (1976) . These strata are considered correlative (Wahlman and King 2002) and are referred to in this study as the Abo member for ease of discussion . Although fusulinids are absent in the Abo member in both mountain ranges (Wahlman and King 2002), a marine invertebrate fauna in the Robledo Mountains suggests a late Wolfcampian (Sakmarian) age (LeMone et al . 1975; Kues 1995; Kietzke and Lucas 1995) . In addition, conodonts collected from the lower part of the Abo member in the Robledo Mountains were assigned to the Sterlitamakian, the upper substage of the Sakmarian Stage valleys separated by interfluves that may be sites of nondeposition and soil formation (Fig . 1B) . The process of fluvial incision may be episodic, creating one or more inset terraces (Fig . 1B; Strong and Paola 2006) . Sediment deposited during the period of sea-level fall and initial rise is referred to as the lowstand systems tract (Fig . 1A, LST) . When the rate of sea-level rise increases, sediments of the transgressive systems tract are deposited (Fig . 1A, TST) . If incised valleys were cut during lowstand, they will be flooded by the rising sea, creating estuaries . The transgressive systems tract may be condensed compared to the other systems tracts, because of erosion beneath one or more marine ravinement surfaces . Near the crest of the sea-level curve, the rate of detrital influx to the shoreline may exceed the space made available by slow sea-level rise, causing the shoreline to prograde seaward, a process that may continue during subsequent slow sea-level fall . Sediment deposited during this interval of progradation and coastal offlap belongs to the highstand systems tract (Fig . 1A, HST) . Deposition of the highstand systems tract proceeds until the rate of sea-level fall accelerates, at which time coastal-plain rivers once again begin to erode, creating the upper sequence boundary . Lower Permian strata along the western margin of the Orogrande Basin of southcentral New Mexico consist of interbedded terrestrial and marine rocks (Fig . 2; Kottlowski 1963), suggesting that this area occupied a position between the limit of coastal incision during sea-level lowstand and maximum onlap during marine transgression (cf . Blum and Tornqvist 2000) . These strata in the Robledo and Doña Ana Mountains near Las Cruces are well suited for sequence stratigraphic analysis, because of the ability to correlate depositional facies and stratigraphic surfaces along canyon walls and between closely spaced outcrops in a direction roughly parallel to the paleoshoreline . This paper builds upon earlier sequence stratigraphic interpretations of the Abo member by Mack et al . (2003a) by presenting more detaile
在Robledo山脉，Seager等将约100 m的红色互层、灰色页岩和灰岩圈定为Hueco组的Abo舌。(in press)，而Doña Ana山的类似地层则由Seager等人划分为Abo组。(1976)。这些地层被认为是相关的(Wahlman and King 2002)，为了便于讨论，在本研究中被称为Abo成员。虽然在两个山脉的Abo成员中都没有fusulinids (Wahlman and King 2002)，但在Robledo山脉的海洋无脊椎动物群表明狼纪(Sakmarian)晚期(LeMone et al .)。1975;ku 1995;Kietzke and Lucas 1995)。此外，从Robledo山脉Abo段下部采集的牙形刺属于Sterlitamakian，这是Sakmarian阶段的上亚阶段，由间隙分隔的山谷可能是非沉积和土壤形成的地点(图2)。1 b)。河流切割的过程可能是幕式的，形成一个或多个嵌入的阶地(图2)。1 b;Strong and Paola 2006)。在海平面下降和最初上升期间沉积的沉积物称为低水位体系域(图2)。1a, 1)。当海平面上升速率增加时，海侵体系域的沉积物沉积(图2)。1a，测试)。如果在低水位时切割出山谷，它们将被上升的海水淹没，形成河口。由于一个或多个海蚀面下的侵蚀作用，海侵体系域与其他体系域相比可能被压缩。在海平面曲线的峰顶附近，流入海岸线的碎屑的速度可能超过海平面缓慢上升所提供的空间，导致海岸线向海推进，这一过程可能在随后的海平面缓慢下降期间继续下去。在这段退积和海岸滑脱期沉积的沉积物属于高水位体系域(图2)。(1)。高水位系统的沉积一直持续到海平面下降速度加快，这时沿海平原河流再次开始侵蚀，形成上层序边界。新墨西哥州中南部Orogrande盆地西缘下二叠统地层由陆相和海相互层岩石组成(图2)。2;Kottlowski, 1963)，表明该地区处于海平面低潮期海岸切口的极限和海侵期最大覆盖之间(参见。Blum and Tornqvist 2000)。这些地层位于拉斯克鲁塞附近的Robledo和Doña Ana山脉，非常适合进行层序地层学分析，因为它们能够将沉积相和沿峡谷壁的地层表面以及与古海岸线大致平行的密集露头之间的地层表面联系起来。本文建立在Mack等人早期对Abo段的层序地层解释的基础上。(2003a)通过以抽象的形式呈现更详细的相关性
{"title":"Sequence stratigraphy of the Lower Permian Abo member in the Robledo and Dona Ana Mountains near Las Cruces, New Mexico","authors":"G. Mack","doi":"10.58799/nmg-v29n1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58799/nmg-v29n1.3","url":null,"abstract":"In the Robledo Mountains, approximately 100 m of interbedded red beds, gray shale, and limestone were mapped as the Abo Tongue of the Hueco Formation by Seager et al . (in press), whereas similar strata in the Doña Ana Mountains were assigned to the Abo Formation by Seager et al . (1976) . These strata are considered correlative (Wahlman and King 2002) and are referred to in this study as the Abo member for ease of discussion . Although fusulinids are absent in the Abo member in both mountain ranges (Wahlman and King 2002), a marine invertebrate fauna in the Robledo Mountains suggests a late Wolfcampian (Sakmarian) age (LeMone et al . 1975; Kues 1995; Kietzke and Lucas 1995) . In addition, conodonts collected from the lower part of the Abo member in the Robledo Mountains were assigned to the Sterlitamakian, the upper substage of the Sakmarian Stage valleys separated by interfluves that may be sites of nondeposition and soil formation (Fig . 1B) . The process of fluvial incision may be episodic, creating one or more inset terraces (Fig . 1B; Strong and Paola 2006) . Sediment deposited during the period of sea-level fall and initial rise is referred to as the lowstand systems tract (Fig . 1A, LST) . When the rate of sea-level rise increases, sediments of the transgressive systems tract are deposited (Fig . 1A, TST) . If incised valleys were cut during lowstand, they will be flooded by the rising sea, creating estuaries . The transgressive systems tract may be condensed compared to the other systems tracts, because of erosion beneath one or more marine ravinement surfaces . Near the crest of the sea-level curve, the rate of detrital influx to the shoreline may exceed the space made available by slow sea-level rise, causing the shoreline to prograde seaward, a process that may continue during subsequent slow sea-level fall . Sediment deposited during this interval of progradation and coastal offlap belongs to the highstand systems tract (Fig . 1A, HST) . Deposition of the highstand systems tract proceeds until the rate of sea-level fall accelerates, at which time coastal-plain rivers once again begin to erode, creating the upper sequence boundary . Lower Permian strata along the western margin of the Orogrande Basin of southcentral New Mexico consist of interbedded terrestrial and marine rocks (Fig . 2; Kottlowski 1963), suggesting that this area occupied a position between the limit of coastal incision during sea-level lowstand and maximum onlap during marine transgression (cf . Blum and Tornqvist 2000) . These strata in the Robledo and Doña Ana Mountains near Las Cruces are well suited for sequence stratigraphic analysis, because of the ability to correlate depositional facies and stratigraphic surfaces along canyon walls and between closely spaced outcrops in a direction roughly parallel to the paleoshoreline . This paper builds upon earlier sequence stratigraphic interpretations of the Abo member by Mack et al . (2003a) by presenting more detaile","PeriodicalId":35824,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71173024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gallery of Geology - High Water on The Rio Puerco","authors":"J. Love","doi":"10.58799/nmg-v29n2.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58799/nmg-v29n2.68","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35824,"journal":{"name":"New Mexico Geology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71173101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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