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On the Role of Ad Networks: To Endogenize or Not to Endogenize the Number of Bidders in Auctions? 论广告网络的作用:在拍卖中允许还是不允许投标人数量?
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1515/roms-2022-0032
Parneet Pahwa
Abstract In the world of online advertising, demand for banner slots by advertisers is matched with the inventory available at different publishers by an intermediary (Ad Network or an Exchange). One important feature of auctions in the online advertising space is that publishers typically have multiple slots and advertisers are not necessarily interested in purchasing one unit but are rather interested in purchasing thousands of impressions. Furthermore, an ad network may have different types of publishers with varying quality of advertising space available. Consequently, bidders may value slots in one set of publishers very differently from slots in a different set. For instance, firms selling financial products and services may value slots at CNN.com’s financial section or WSJ.com very differently from slots available at people.com or even the weather section in CNN.com. So, the dilemma confronting an ad network that has inventory from different publishers, facing demand from say, advertisers selling financial products is whether to pool the inventory and conduct a single auction or conduct separate auctions so that the advertisers know that they are bidding for slots on CNN.com’s financial section or on WSJ.com and not for slots on the weather section on CNN.com or some other less preferred slots. Given the critical role that ad networks play, in serving the request of advertisers to get their advertising banners displayed in online media we examine the economic incentives of these intermediaries to derive implications for the optimal market design. More specifically, we seek answers to the following questions. Given the variation in the quality of inventory available from different publishers under what market conditions should the intermediary pool the inventory across the different publishers and conduct a single (undisclosed) auction and when would it be more profitable to conduct different (disclosed) auctions? Given a fixed number of bidders, if the intermediary chooses to conduct two auctions how many bidders should be allocated to each auction and how do market parameters such as the number of bidders or the inventory available of each type affect the allocation rule. Finally, if the intermediary chooses to conduct two auctions should they charge the same commission or different commissions in each auction? We find that when the number of advertisers is small then pooling inventory and conducting a single auction is the optimal strategy. Under these conditions when the inventory of the publishers is sufficiently differentiated it may even be optimal for the intermediary to conduct a single auction but ignore the inventory of the publisher that is valued lower. When the number of advertisers is large, we find very interestingly that conducting multiple auctions is not always optimal. Indeed, when the inventory of publishers is sufficiently differentiated conducting a single auction and ignoring the inventory of the publisher that is va
摘要在在线广告的世界里,广告商对横幅广告位的需求与不同出版商通过中介(广告网络或交易所)提供的库存相匹配。在线广告领域拍卖的一个重要特征是,出版商通常有多个时段,广告商不一定对购买一个单元感兴趣,而是对购买数千个印象感兴趣。此外,广告网络可以具有不同类型的发布者,具有不同质量的可用广告空间。因此,竞标者可能会对一组发布者中的插槽与不同组中的插槽进行非常不同的估价。例如,销售金融产品和服务的公司可能会对CNN.com金融部分或WSJ.com的时段进行估价,这与people.com甚至CNN.com天气部分的时段非常不同,销售金融产品的广告商是将库存集中起来,进行一次拍卖,还是进行单独的拍卖,这样广告商就知道他们在竞标CNN.com金融部分或WSJ.com的时段,而不是CNN.com天气部分或其他一些不太受欢迎的时段。鉴于广告网络发挥的关键作用,在满足广告商在在线媒体上展示广告横幅的要求时,我们研究了这些中介机构的经济激励因素,以得出最佳市场设计的启示。更具体地说,我们寻求以下问题的答案。鉴于不同出版商提供的库存质量存在差异,在什么市场条件下,中介机构应该将不同出版商的库存汇集起来,进行单一(未披露)拍卖?何时进行不同(已披露)的拍卖更有利可图?给定固定数量的投标人,如果中介机构选择进行两次拍卖,每次拍卖应分配多少投标人,以及投标人数量或每种类型的可用库存等市场参数如何影响分配规则。最后,如果中介选择进行两次拍卖,他们在每次拍卖中应该收取相同的佣金还是不同的佣金?我们发现,当广告商数量较少时,集中库存并进行单一拍卖是最佳策略。在这些条件下,当出版商的库存充分区分时,中介机构甚至可以进行单一拍卖,但忽略价值较低的出版商的库存。当广告商的数量很大时,我们发现非常有趣的是,进行多次拍卖并不总是最优的。事实上,当出版商的库存充分分化时,进行单一拍卖并忽略价值较低的出版商的库存仍然是最佳的。我们还确定了在两个市场进行两次拍卖并收取单一佣金比两次拍卖和收取单独佣金(反之亦然)更有利可图的市场条件。
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引用次数: 0
Attitudes Toward Global and Local Consumer Culture and the Meanings of Brands 对全球和本地消费文化的态度以及品牌的意义
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1515/roms-2022-0035
Jung Seek Kim
Abstract While the rapid worldwide integration has facilitated the emergence of global consumer culture (GCC), local consumer culture (LCC) still holds a strong influence. Brands, be they global or local, are critical marketplace resources in consumer culture for constructing individual and collective identities. As attitudes toward GCC and LCC guide consumers’ choice between global and local brands, the article addresses which brand meanings (functions) drive the choice and use of brands by consumers embracing GCC/LCC. Theoretically, I advance the literature by connecting GCC/LCC and reactions to brand stimuli. Specially, I examine correlations between the two attitudinal constructs and the salience of four brand meanings: quality, personal identity (self-identity, group-identity, and status), values (similar to social responsibility), and traditions. The results suggest that global brands should focus on personal identity, but not quality in positioning and communications. Local brands should develop their iconic status through ties with tradition and heritage, but not by personal identity. Thus, personal identity and traditions are the most important brand associations to be utilized by global and local brands.
摘要尽管全球快速一体化促进了全球消费文化(GCC)的出现,但本土消费文化(LCC)仍然具有强大的影响力。品牌,无论是全球还是本地的,都是消费者文化中构建个人和集体身份的关键市场资源。由于对GCC和LCC的态度指导了消费者在全球品牌和本土品牌之间的选择,本文探讨了哪些品牌含义(功能)推动了接受GCC/LCC的消费者对品牌的选择和使用。从理论上讲,我通过将GCC/LCC与对品牌刺激的反应联系起来来推进文献。特别地,我研究了这两种态度结构与四种品牌含义的显著性之间的相关性:质量、个人身份(自我身份、群体身份和地位)、价值观(类似于社会责任)和传统。研究结果表明,全球品牌应该关注个人身份,而不是定位和沟通的质量。本土品牌应该通过与传统和遗产的联系来发展其标志性地位,而不是通过个人身份。因此,个人身份和传统是全球和本地品牌最重要的品牌联想。
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引用次数: 1
Exploring the Sources of Consumer-Based Brand Equity in the Cryptocurrency Market 探索加密货币市场中基于消费者的品牌资产来源
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1515/roms-2022-0025
Achilleas Boukis
Abstract The present study adopts a qualitative approach to explore the nature and sources of consumer-based brand equity (CBBE) in the cryptocurrency market. Drawing on thirty-two semi-structured interviews with crypto investors in the UK, our findings reveal three main sources of CBBE for crypto brands (i.e. blockchain-based features, crypto brand identity, psychological factors). Also, we supply insights into how the nature and features of blockchain technology shape consumers’ attitude towards crypto brands. Our findings also reveal the key elements of cryptos’ brand identity (i.e. white papers, brand purpose, ICOs) as well as various psychological factors (i.e. psychological distance, escapism, curiosity) that shape consumer perceptions of crypto brands. Our work extends the cryptocurrency and branding literatures in identifying the main sources of CBBE in the crypto market.
摘要本研究采用定性方法来探索加密货币市场中基于消费者的品牌资产(CBBE)的性质和来源。根据对英国加密货币投资者的32次半结构化采访,我们的研究结果揭示了加密货币品牌CBBE的三个主要来源(即基于区块链的特征、加密货币品牌身份和心理因素)。此外,我们还深入了解区块链技术的性质和特点如何影响消费者对加密品牌的态度。我们的研究结果还揭示了加密货币品牌身份的关键要素(即白皮书、品牌目的、ICO),以及影响消费者对加密货币品牌认知的各种心理因素(即心理距离、逃避现实、好奇心)。我们的工作扩展了加密货币和品牌文献,以确定加密货币市场中CBBE的主要来源。
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引用次数: 2
How Do Different Brand Equity Measures Affect Long-Term Promotional Effectiveness? 不同的品牌资产措施如何影响长期促销效果?
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-07-18 DOI: 10.1515/roms-2022-0003
Yuying Shi
Abstract Studies on the relationship between brand equity and long-term promotional effectiveness have many issues. Brand equity measures can be classified as either consumer-based (CB) or firm-based (FB) measures. Previous literature has mostly focused on one or the other type of measure, mostly due to computational difficulties or data limitations, making it difficult to determine whether the results can be generalized to all types of measure. In addition, long-term promotional effectiveness remains a debatable issue due to complicated long-term effects. Our study is the first to include both CB and FB brand equity measures in a long-term promotional effectiveness study. Using weekly scanner data in the breakfast category covering a three-year period, we are able to compute a variety of popular operationalizations of brand equity measures by employing the aggregate demand model and capture total long-term effects via the persistence model. Our major finding is that the general consensus that higher brand equity generates higher promotional effectiveness applies only to typical FB measures—not CB measures. Moreover, we show a positive accumulated long-term effectiveness and an absence of permanent effects for all our brands. These results offer new insights into the differentiation of major brand equity measures and long-term promotional effectiveness.
摘要研究品牌资产与长期促销效果之间的关系存在许多问题。品牌资产衡量标准可分为基于消费者(CB)或基于企业(FB)的衡量标准。以前的文献大多关注一种或另一种类型的度量,主要是由于计算困难或数据限制,很难确定结果是否可以推广到所有类型的度量。此外,由于复杂的长期影响,长期宣传效果仍然是一个有争议的问题。我们的研究首次将CB和FB品牌资产指标纳入长期促销效果研究。使用涵盖三年的早餐类每周扫描仪数据,我们能够通过使用总需求模型来计算品牌资产衡量的各种流行操作,并通过持续性模型来捕捉总的长期影响。我们的主要发现是,人们普遍认为,更高的品牌资产会产生更高的促销效果,这只适用于典型的FB措施,而不适用于CB措施。此外,我们对所有品牌都表现出了积极的长期累积效果,而没有永久性的影响。这些结果为主要品牌资产衡量标准的差异化和长期促销效果提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Service Dominant Logic and Market Orientation: A Case Study of Brazilian Agribusiness Firms 服务主导逻辑和市场导向:以巴西农业综合企业为例
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-04-22 DOI: 10.1515/roms-2021-0054
Mariangela Duarte Soares Albuquerque, T. Martins
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the Service Dominant Orientation (S-DO), Responsive Market Orientation (RMO) and Proactive Market Orientation (PMO) complementary effect on Brand Performance in the Brazilian agribusiness B2B context. We conducted a survey with 147 Brazilian agribusiness firms that sell supplies directly to farmers. The data were analysed through a three-model hierarchical regression analysis. The results indicated that S-DO complemented by PMO and RMO impacts and explains brand performance at more significant levels than S-DO by itself. The complementary effect is highlighted when firms give voice and partner up with their customers that leads the proactively innovative research based on their latent needs. The study allows agribusiness marketing managers to reflect on the insertion of the B2B customer in the firm’s value co-creation process through a guided innovative research process.
摘要本文的目的是评估巴西农业综合企业B2B背景下服务主导导向(S-DO)、响应性市场导向(RMO)和主动性市场导向对品牌绩效的互补效应。我们对147家直接向农民销售农产品的巴西农业综合企业进行了调查。数据通过三模型层次回归分析进行分析。结果表明,PMO和RMO补充的S-DO在比S-DO本身更显著的层面上影响和解释品牌绩效。当企业发出声音并与客户合作,根据他们的潜在需求领导主动创新的研究时,互补效应就会凸显出来。该研究使农业综合企业营销经理能够通过有指导的创新研究过程,反思B2B客户在企业价值共创过程中的参与情况。
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引用次数: 0
Profile Photos’ Impact in Online Reviews: The Effect of Cultural Differences 个人资料照片对网络评论的影响:文化差异的影响
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-04-18 DOI: 10.1515/roms-2021-0074
Peter Broeder
Abstract In the context of the continuous expansion of e-commerce worldwide, online consumer reviews have become the most accessible and influential form of electronic worth-of-mouth available to everyone on the internet. This raises a challenge for companies with local as well as global customers. It is germane to know whether there are cultural differences reflected in online reviews, as consumers from distinctively different cultures might trust the evaluation of the same product or service differently. In the present study, Dutch and Japanese individuals (N = 166) were presented with two variations of an online excursion review on a holiday booking website. The review with a profile photo of the reviewer was perceived as more realistic. However, this did not directly influence consumers’ booking intention. Meanwhile, the degree of trust in the review affected the inclination to book the excursion. Some cultural differences were found. The Dutch group reported higher booking intentions and trust than the Japanese group, both with the photo-absent review as well as the photo-present review. The implications of these findings contribute to a better understanding of cultural specifics and global universals in e-commerce, enabling the development of more effective online marketing communications.
摘要在全球电子商务不断扩张的背景下,在线消费者评论已成为互联网上每个人都能获得的最容易获得和最具影响力的电子口碑形式。这给拥有本地和全球客户的公司带来了挑战。了解在线评论中是否反映出文化差异是密切相关的,因为来自不同文化的消费者可能会对同一产品或服务的评价产生不同的信任。在本研究中,荷兰和日本个体(N=166)在度假预订网站上接受了两种不同的在线游览评论。带有评论者个人资料照片的评论被认为更真实。然而,这并没有直接影响消费者的预订意愿。同时,对评论的信任程度影响了预订远足的倾向。发现了一些文化差异。荷兰组的预订意向和信任度高于日本组,无论是照片缺席评论还是照片存在评论。这些发现的含义有助于更好地理解电子商务中的文化细节和全球普遍性,从而有助于开发更有效的在线营销传播。
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引用次数: 0
Predicting User Response Behaviour towards Social Media Advertising and e-WoM Antecedents 预测用户对社交媒体广告和网络口碑前因的反应行为
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-03-16 DOI: 10.1515/roms-2022-0006
M. Rana, Nilesh Arora
Abstract The present research has been steered by the growing use of social media in every sphere of human interaction, including the marketing and advertising of brands. Hence, this research intends to develop and test a model of social media advertising with perceived ad personalization, ad incentivization, self-brand congruity, and social influence as major predictors for social media user’s attitude. Further, the study explores the influence of social networking sites involvement and social influence on electronic word of mouth intentions. The study also ascertains the impact of user attitude on e-WoM and further e-WoM on purchase intentions. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire from 456 respondents. Two-step structural equation modelling was applied using AMOS 22.0 to analyse the data. The conceptual model is framed on the grounds of a theory of reasoned action and Elaboration likelihood model. The findings reveal that ad personalization, and social influence plays an important role in framing user attitude towards social media ads. Also, SNS involvement and social influence significantly influence the e-WoM intention of the user which further influences the social media user’s purchase intention. Subsequently, this research will give a prescient model to design an effective social media advertising programme in the social media advertising domain.
摘要当前的研究是由社交媒体在人类互动的各个领域的日益使用所引导的,包括品牌的营销和广告。因此,本研究旨在开发和测试一种社交媒体广告模型,将感知到的广告个性化、广告激励、自有品牌一致性和社会影响力作为社交媒体用户态度的主要预测因素。此外,本研究还探讨了社交网站参与度和社会影响对电子口碑意向的影响。该研究还确定了用户态度对e-WoM以及进一步的e-WoM对购买意愿的影响。数据是使用结构化问卷从456名受访者中收集的。使用AMOS 22.0应用两步结构方程建模来分析数据。该概念模型是建立在推理行动理论和精化可能性模型的基础上的。研究结果表明,广告个性化和社会影响力在构建用户对社交媒体广告的态度方面发挥着重要作用。此外,社交网络的参与和社会影响力显著影响用户的电子购物意向,进而影响社交媒体用户的购买意向。随后,本研究将为在社交媒体广告领域设计一个有效的社交媒体广告方案提供一个有先见之明的模型。
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引用次数: 8
Revisiting the Recent History of Consumer Behavior in Marketing Journals: A Topic Modeling Perspective 在市场营销期刊中重新审视消费者行为的近代史:主题建模的视角
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-03-16 DOI: 10.1515/roms-2021-0086
Tuğçe Ozansoy Çadırcı
Abstract Through the years, a great deal of research had been dedicated to understanding how consumers think, feel, and behave in the marketplace. From its early development to the present, consumer researchers have adopted different methods and followed different approaches to describe the consumption phenomena. By pursuing a probabilistic approach, the current study aims to provide in-depth insight into consumer behavior research’s evolution and transformation between 1980 and 2020. The results exhibit a strong increase on subjects like consumer trust, self-identity, digital consumption, social media engagement, consumer culture theory, consumer motivation, and brand–consumer relationships. The citation analysis shows the most impactful articles and topics in consumer behavior research. The results indicate that articles on customer service satisfaction, experiential consumption, consumer trust, digital consumption, and social media engagement tend are heavily cited. And to understand each journals contribution an analysis based on citations, journal impact and topical diversity is also included. The study also includes the possible research directions for the future of consumer behavior.
摘要多年来,大量研究致力于了解消费者在市场中的思维、感受和行为。从早期发展到现在,消费者研究者采用了不同的方法和方法来描述消费现象。通过采用概率方法,本研究旨在深入了解1980年至2020年间消费者行为研究的演变和转变。研究结果显示,在消费者信任、自我认同、数字消费、社交媒体参与、消费者文化理论、消费者动机和品牌-消费者关系等主题上,消费者的信任度显著提高。引文分析显示了消费者行为研究中最具影响力的文章和主题。结果表明,关于客户服务满意度、体验式消费、消费者信任、数字消费和社交媒体参与的文章往往被大量引用。为了了解每种期刊的贡献,还包括基于引文、期刊影响力和主题多样性的分析。该研究还包括未来消费者行为可能的研究方向。
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引用次数: 1
On the Determinants of Online Short Videos’ Effectiveness Relative to Parents’ Attitudes, Behavioural Intentions and Consideration of Alternatives 影响网络短视频效果的因素:家长态度、行为意向和替代方案的考虑
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-01-07 DOI: 10.1515/roms-2021-0063
Kleopatra Konstantoulaki, Ioannis Rizomyliotis, Konstantinos Lionakis, Yiheng Chen
Abstract The purpose of this research is to examine the key content factors of short videos and their influence on parents’ attitudes, behavioural intentions and consideration of alternatives in the education sector. In particular, the current study is the first to explore elements of online short videos (informative content, user interactivity, perceived usefulness, trust, entertainment and invasiveness) as predictors of parents’ attitudes toward, consideration of and intention to choose a nursery school. Using a sample of 178 participants, a conclusive research design applying structural equation modelling was employed to assess the effect of the aforementioned short videos’ key characteristics on attitude, intention and consideration. According to the results, short videos with informative and trusted content tend to enhance parents’ attitudes, consideration and behavioural intentions regarding the provider being promoted. Attitude is also affected by entertainment, while perceived usefulness, interactive features and lack of invasiveness increase scores pertaining to inclusion of alternatives in parents’ consideration choice sets and expression of intentions to ultimately select them. Managers in childcare operators should find a delicate balance among the aforementioned elements in order to include the appropriate ones into their videos depending on the promotional goals or indented outcomes and the targeted audience. Managerial implications and suggestions for future research are thoroughly discussed.
摘要本研究的目的是检验短视频的关键内容因素及其对家长态度、行为意图和教育部门对替代方案的考虑的影响。特别是,目前的研究首次探索了网络短视频的元素(信息内容、用户互动、感知有用性、信任、娱乐性和侵入性),作为父母对幼儿园态度、考虑和选择意愿的预测因素。使用178名参与者的样本,采用结构方程建模的结论性研究设计来评估上述短视频的关键特征对态度、意图和考虑的影响。根据研究结果,内容翔实、值得信赖的短视频往往会增强父母对被提拔供应商的态度、考虑和行为意图。态度也会受到娱乐的影响,而感知的有用性、互动特征和缺乏侵略性会增加父母考虑选择集中的替代品的得分,以及最终选择替代品的意愿表达。儿童保育运营商的管理人员应在上述元素之间找到微妙的平衡,以便根据宣传目标或缩进的结果和目标受众,将适当的元素纳入他们的视频中。深入讨论了管理含义和对未来研究的建议。
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引用次数: 1
Frontmatter
Q4 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1515/roms-2021-frontmatter1
{"title":"Frontmatter","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/roms-2021-frontmatter1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/roms-2021-frontmatter1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35829,"journal":{"name":"Review of Marketing Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44003531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Review of Marketing Science
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