Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.1515/9780691201993-002
{"title":"ONE. Creating the Mechanisms of Expulsion at the Turn of the Twentieth Century","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/9780691201993-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691201993-002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":359229,"journal":{"name":"The Deportation Machine","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133865391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-23DOI: 10.1515/9780691201993-008
Adam Goodman
{"title":"Epilogue: Reckoning with the Machine","authors":"Adam Goodman","doi":"10.1515/9780691201993-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691201993-008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":359229,"journal":{"name":"The Deportation Machine","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114893549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-23DOI: 10.23943/princeton/9780691182155.003.0008
Adam Goodman
This chapter reviews the history of the deportation machine, dating back to the late-nineteenth century when Congress gave the federal government exclusive authority over immigration. It summarizes how Democratic and Republican politicians and private third parties have contributed to the growth of the deportation machine through implementation of punitive policies and budget with an equivalent of hundreds of billions of dollars into enforcement efforts that have resulted in tens of millions of expulsions. It assesses the deportation machine's mechanisms that have largely remained the same over time and have functioned in unison, though at different levels at distinct moments. The chapter looks into persistent political economic realities, racial prejudices,and cultural concerns that have been a driving force behind anti-immigrant sentiment and restrictive measures. It also describes economic crises and wars that often led to rising xenophobia and dramatic spikes in deportations.
{"title":"Epilogue","authors":"Adam Goodman","doi":"10.23943/princeton/9780691182155.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691182155.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews the history of the deportation machine, dating back to the late-nineteenth century when Congress gave the federal government exclusive authority over immigration. It summarizes how Democratic and Republican politicians and private third parties have contributed to the growth of the deportation machine through implementation of punitive policies and budget with an equivalent of hundreds of billions of dollars into enforcement efforts that have resulted in tens of millions of expulsions. It assesses the deportation machine's mechanisms that have largely remained the same over time and have functioned in unison, though at different levels at distinct moments. The chapter looks into persistent political economic realities, racial prejudices,and cultural concerns that have been a driving force behind anti-immigrant sentiment and restrictive measures. It also describes economic crises and wars that often led to rising xenophobia and dramatic spikes in deportations.","PeriodicalId":359229,"journal":{"name":"The Deportation Machine","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115009712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter analyzes how and why voluntary departure and anti-immigrant fear campaigns became the dominant mechanisms of expulsion during the middle decades of the twentieth century. It also reviews how and why immigration officials came to target Mexicans through a fine-grained analysis of the repatriations of the 1930s and Operation Wetback of the mid-1950s. It looks into the voluntary departures between 1927 and 1964 that outnumbered formal deportations nearly nine to one, representing more than 90 percent of the nearly 6.4 million expulsions the federal government recorded. The chapter discusses the coercive mechanisms that enabled authorities to unilaterally execute mass expulsions on an unprecedented scale and on a shoestring budget, bolstering institutional legitimacy within the growing federal bureaucracy. It also describes the effective denial of due process rights to citizens and noncitizens and infliction of trauma on individuals, families, and communities.
{"title":"TWO. Coerced Removal from the Great Depression through Operation Wetback","authors":"Adam Goodman","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvs1g9p1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvs1g9p1.5","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter analyzes how and why voluntary departure and anti-immigrant fear campaigns became the dominant mechanisms of expulsion during the middle decades of the twentieth century. It also reviews how and why immigration officials came to target Mexicans through a fine-grained analysis of the repatriations of the 1930s and Operation Wetback of the mid-1950s. It looks into the voluntary departures between 1927 and 1964 that outnumbered formal deportations nearly nine to one, representing more than 90 percent of the nearly 6.4 million expulsions the federal government recorded. The chapter discusses the coercive mechanisms that enabled authorities to unilaterally execute mass expulsions on an unprecedented scale and on a shoestring budget, bolstering institutional legitimacy within the growing federal bureaucracy. It also describes the effective denial of due process rights to citizens and noncitizens and infliction of trauma on individuals, families, and communities.","PeriodicalId":359229,"journal":{"name":"The Deportation Machine","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124497319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter uncovers the web of public and private actors that drive the deportation machine. It investigates the human costs of policies that prioritize punishment and profits over the well-being of people. It also examines the physical process of deportation that offers important insights into both the history of the immigrant experience and immigration policy. The chapter focuses on domestic politics and foreign affairs as driving forces behind the immigration policy and its implementation. It analyzes the history of the business of deportation, revealing that interpenetrating public and private relations have decisively shaped enforcement practices, with devastating consequences for migrants.
{"title":"THREE. The Human Costs of the Business of Deportation","authors":"Adam Goodman","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvs1g9p1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvs1g9p1.6","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter uncovers the web of public and private actors that drive the deportation machine. It investigates the human costs of policies that prioritize punishment and profits over the well-being of people. It also examines the physical process of deportation that offers important insights into both the history of the immigrant experience and immigration policy. The chapter focuses on domestic politics and foreign affairs as driving forces behind the immigration policy and its implementation. It analyzes the history of the business of deportation, revealing that interpenetrating public and private relations have decisively shaped enforcement practices, with devastating consequences for migrants.","PeriodicalId":359229,"journal":{"name":"The Deportation Machine","volume":"364 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122318486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter discusses the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) that was signed by President Ronald Reagan in the fall of 1986. It explains how IRCA provided legal status to anyone who could prove continuous residency in the United States since January 1, 1982. The chapter discusses the Special Agricultural Workers provision for people who had toiled over perishable crops for at least ninety days between May 1, 1985 and May 1, 1986. It focuses on the Márquez familys' story, which offers insights into some of the core elements of immigration enforcement in the mid- to late 1980s and beyond. It also highlights how the Immigration and Naturalization Service targeted the vast majority of people for deportation because they entered the country without authorization or overstayed a visa.
本章讨论罗纳德·里根总统于1986年秋天签署的《移民改革和控制法案》(IRCA)。它解释了IRCA如何向任何能够证明自1982年1月1日以来在美国连续居住的人提供合法身份。这一章讨论了在1985年5月1日至1986年5月1日期间在易腐作物上劳作至少90天的特殊农业工人的规定。它聚焦于Márquez家族的故事，从中可以洞察到20世纪80年代中后期及以后移民执法的一些核心要素。报告还强调了移民归化局(Immigration and Naturalization Service)是如何将绝大多数人驱逐出境的，因为他们未经授权进入美国或签证过期。
{"title":"SIX. Deportation in an Era of Militarized Borders and Mass Incarceration","authors":"Adam Goodman","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvs1g9p1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvs1g9p1.9","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) that was signed by President Ronald Reagan in the fall of 1986. It explains how IRCA provided legal status to anyone who could prove continuous residency in the United States since January 1, 1982. The chapter discusses the Special Agricultural Workers provision for people who had toiled over perishable crops for at least ninety days between May 1, 1985 and May 1, 1986. It focuses on the Márquez familys' story, which offers insights into some of the core elements of immigration enforcement in the mid- to late 1980s and beyond. It also highlights how the Immigration and Naturalization Service targeted the vast majority of people for deportation because they entered the country without authorization or overstayed a visa.","PeriodicalId":359229,"journal":{"name":"The Deportation Machine","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125087674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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