环境科学最新文献

To understand the effects of different types of biochar application on the physical and chemical properties of saline-alkali soil and the growth of plants in the Wuliangsuhai Lake Basin， corn stalk biochar （A）， corn cob biochar （B）， and rice straw biochar （C） were used as experimental materials， and the saline-alkali soil in the Wuliangsuhai Lake Basin was used as the experimental soil. A pot experiment using Helianthus tuberosus was conducted with a blank control （CK） and three biochar application ratios. The results showed that： ① The application of biochar could significantly increase the plant height and ground diameter of H. tuberosus， with the increased range being 106.8%-151.7% and 104.1%-153.0%， respectively， compared with those in the control group， and there was a negative correlation with the application rate of biochar. ② The application of biochar could improve soil salinity and alkalinity. The application rate of 1% of corn stalk biochar could significantly reduce soil pH， with the reduction range being 0.08-0.28 compared with that of the control group， while the application rate of 5% of corn stalk biochar could significantly reduce soil electrical conductivity， with the reduction range of 32.9%-47.9% compared with that of the control group. ③ Applying biochar could significantly reduce soil bulk density and increase soil moisture content. The improvement effect was most obvious in the 5% application rate of corn stalk biochar， and the improvement effect was positively correlated with the biochar application rate. The reduction range of bulk density was 22.5%-28.9%， and the increase range of moisture content was 19.6%-38.4%. ④ The application of biochar could increase the nutrient content of saline-alkali soil. Among them， the 5% application rate of corn stalk biochar had the most obvious effect on increasing soil organic matter content， with the increased range being 170.0%-308.4% compared with that of the control group. The 5% application rate of corn cob biochar had an excellent effect on increasing soil ammonia nitrogen content， with the increased range of 34.9%-227.3%. The 3% corn cob biochar application ratio had a significant effect on increasing soil available phosphorus content， with an increase range of 13.6% to 40.1% compared to that in the CK group. In addition， the 5% application rate of rice straw biochar had a more obvious effect on increasing soil available potassium content， with the increased range of 80.4%-189.1%. In conclusion， the application of biochar can promote the growth of H. tuberosus to a certain extent and improve the physical and chemical properties of saline-alkali soil， which can provide a theoretical basis for the management of saline-alkali land in the Wuliangsuhai Lake Basin.

The realization of the "dual carbon" goals in Zhejiang Province， as the first demonstration region of common prosperity in China， is of great significance to the construction of China's ecological civilization. Based on the economic development and energy supply and demand of Zhejiang Province， a LEAP model was constructed to explore the energy transition pathway of Zhejiang Province. The results showed that in the low-carbon transition scenario， Zhejiang Province will have an obvious transition effect， but it will fail to achieve the "dual carbon" goals as scheduled. Through strengthening low-carbon measures， Zhejiang Province will reach a carbon peak of 592 million tons in 2030， and the carbon emission will drop to 510 million tons in 2060， so as to achieve the "dual carbon" goal as scheduled. The electricity substitution on the demand side and the clean substitution on the supply side will constitute the key pathway of energy transition. In the short term， the effect of clean power production is the most significant. Through the orderly decommissioning of coal power； the blending of biomass or green ammonia； and the deployment of carbon capture， utilization， and storage technology and other low-carbon reconstruction， the cumulative emission reduction will reach 828 million tons. In the long run， the upgrade of the manufacturing industry is the most significant， with a cumulative emission reduction of 763 million tons. Accelerating the electrification of transportation will effectively reduce emissions in both the short and long term， and the cumulative emission reduction will reach 648 million tons. The research results can provide useful reference for the energy transition of Zhejiang Province.

Exploring the multi-scale evolution characteristics of ecosystem service value （ESV） and its intrinsic mechanism is the basis for the construction of cross-scale ecological security pattern. Based on multi-source data such as NDVI and POPD， combined with spatio-temporal geographically weighted regression and other methods， a multi-scale research framework was constructed to systematically reveal the spatial and temporal evolution of ESV and its influence mechanisms from 2000 to 2020 in Suzhou City. The results showed that： ① ESV showed "W-shaped" fluctuating changes， a small overall decline， a more prominent spatial aggregation at each grid scale， and a weakening trend in the increase at the grid scale. ② The natural and social factors tended to be stronger over time， and the role of landscape pattern factors fluctuating changed， of which the natural factor NPP force in each scale was always dominant. ③ The spatial distribution of the influence of factors showed an increase in scale from polarization to equilibrium， and the magnitude of change was weakening. The force of natural and social factors tended to be stronger with time， and the role of landscape pattern factors fluctuated， of which the force of natural factors NPP always dominated at all scales. The correlation law can deepen the theory of ESV multiscale impact mechanism， which can provide scientific basis for optimizing the structure of multilevel regional ecosystems and formulating multiscale ecosystem management decisions.

Building an ecological safety pattern is conducive to coordinating the contradictions between the two types of ecological processes of protection and development and promoting the ecological protection and restoration of land and space. Taking Henan Province as the research area， based on the results of morphological spatial pattern analysis （MSPA）， the landscape connectivity of the core area plaque was evaluated to extract the ecological source， construct the ecological resistance surface through the comprehensive index method， and modify it with the help of night light data. Circuit theory was used to extract Henan's ecological corridors， ecological pinch sites， and ecological obstacle sites； identify the key restoration areas in Henan Province； and formulate corresponding restoration strategies. The results showed that： ① There were a total of 64 important ecological sources in Henan Province， with a total of 22 615.77 km²， mainly distributed in the western region and the northern and southern provincial boundaries. ② There were a total of 120 major ecological corridors in Henan Province， with an average length of 13.29 km. The ecological obstacle areas in Henan Province were mainly distributed in Zhengzhou City， Pingdingshan City， and Nanyang City. ③ The ecological safety pattern of "three areas in one belt-four corridors-two groups-multi sites" has been established， and optimization suggestions have been put forward for different regions， which can provide references for the policy formulation of relevant government departments and promote sustainable development in the region.

Taking policy factors into account in constructing an ecological security pattern is of great significance in helping to realize the ecological civilization strategy. Taking Liaoning Province as an example， the study adopts a research framework of "core-regional-strip-multi-point" based on five land use data sets from 2000 to 2020 and couples the InVEST-PLUS model to predict the land use and carbon storage in the SN， SW， CLD， and SE scenarios for the year 2030. The study then combines the MSPA and MCR models to construct an ecological security pattern and proposes new ideas for ecological construction. The results showed that： ① The land use prediction results indicated that land use was mainly composed of farmland and forests. The farmland area decreased slowly， and the forest area increased continuously from 2000 to 2030. ② The spatial distribution of carbon storage was mainly in the east， and the eastern region was a key protected forest area. The trend of carbon storage in the eastern region was relatively stable， while the carbon storage in the western region continued to increase. ③ The ecological security network structure in the SE scenario was complex and highly connected， identifying 30 ecological source areas， 97 discontinuities， 56 ecological corridors with a total length of 211 km， and a northeastern-southeastern strip-shaped extension pattern with dense networks in the middle and western regions and sparse networks in the eastern coastal areas. ④ Comparing the structure and connectivity of the ecological security network in different scenarios， the study selected the SE scenario and proposed the "one core， three regions， three belts， and multiple points" ecological security pattern construction strategy. It also proposed ecological management policy recommendations to promote sustainable development in Liaoning Province.

With rapid economic development and urbanization， regional ecological security faces significant challenges. Focusing on Hangzhou as the study area， this research calculates the importance of ecosystem services and overlays the core areas analyzed by the minimum cumulative resistance （MCR） model to identify potential ecological sources. The habitat quality results of the InVEST model are then introduced to filter the final ecological sources. Six resistance factors are weighted differently to construct a composite resistance surface， and the linkage mapper （LM） tool is employed to extract ecological corridors， establishing the ecological security pattern for Hangzhou. The findings revealed that： ① The final ecological source area in Hangzhou covered 3 008.64 km²， accounting for 22% of the city's total area. The distribution of these sources was reasonable， especially with strong connectivity in the southwest， facilitating species migration. ② Fifteen ecological corridors， totaling 333.4 km in length， were extracted using the LM tool. These corridors connected different ecological sources， with a set width of 50 meters to ensure the highest forestland proportion， fostering migration and effective ecological functioning. ③ Twenty-four critical areas needing restoration were identified， including eleven core protection zones， three diagnostic enhancement zones， eight key restoration zones， and two source connection areas. This study provides key area identification for ecological corridor construction in Hangzhou and offers scientific guidance for enhancing and restoring critical zones.

Constructing an ecological security pattern balances ecological environmental protection with high-quality economic and social development. In this study， Guizhou Province is taken as the research area， and four ecosystem services functions-water production， soil conservation， habitat quality， and carbon sequestration-are evaluated. The optimal scenario identifies the priority protection area， representing the ecological source area， based on an ordered weighted average model. Ecological corridors are extracted using circuit theory to construct the ecological security pattern. The results show that： ① By setting and comparing the trade-off degree and protection efficiency under seven risk scenarios， the most optimal scenario was scenario 3， which had a low risk coefficient （α=0.5） and a relatively balanced background of the four ecosystem services. In this scenario， the protection efficiency of the four ecosystem services improved to varying degrees. ② The total area of ecological source areas was 29 688.72 km²， accounting for 16.85% of the total area of the study region， and its spatial distribution showed a pattern of concentration around the borders of the province and sparsity in the central area. ③ The total number of ecological corridors was 876， with a total length of 37 637.16 km， showing a "web-like" distribution， dense in the southeast and sparse in the northwest. ④ The eastern and southeastern parts of Guizhou were identified as ecologically important areas， the central part was an ecological control area， and the western part was an ecological improvement area. Additionally， a regional ecological development pattern of "three zones and two belts" was proposed， which includes major ecological corridors and ecological corridor restoration belts， providing scientific support for constructing and zoning the ecological security pattern of Guizhou.

Understanding the spatiotemporal dependence characteristics， patterns， and driving mechanisms of the interprovincial transportation carbon emission network in China is of paramount importance for advancing interprovincial transport carbon reduction and fostering regional high-quality emission reduction coordination. Based on the quadratic assignment procedure （QAP）， social network analysis （SNA）， and exploratory spatiotemporal data analysis （ESTDA）， this research was combined with the multiple regression quadratic assignment procedure （MRQAP） model to explore the spatio-temporal dynamic evolution interaction characteristics and driving mechanism of China's transport carbon emission correlation network from 2003 to 2021. The results indicated that： ① The structure and intensity of China's transportation carbon emission correlation network from 2003 to 2021 exhibited a high degree of similarity， demonstrating a "time inertia" in which the future correlation pattern was significantly influenced by historical correlation trends. ② The transportation carbon emission correlation network showed distinct spatial connection preferences， with pronounced spatial heterogeneity and increasingly evident clustering patterns. Core provinces such as Shandong， Jiangsu， Guangdong， and Shanghai exhibited a dominant role in this network. ③ The lock-in effect and transition inertia of transport carbon emissions were prominent in the spatio-temporal interaction dimension. The inter-provincial cooperative relationship was as high as 84.6% during the study period， but the spatio-temporal competition relationship between southwest and northern provinces was prominent. ④ The driving mechanism of the transport carbon emission correlation network presented the characteristics of "structure-lock-spatiotemporal dependence-diversity of individual attributes，" in which the economic difference matrix and spatio-temporal interaction network had the most significant positive influence， and the industrial difference matrix and transport structure difference matrix had the most prominent negative influence. Therefore， it is suggested that provinces should promote the optimization and coordinated development of regional transport carbon reduction targets from three aspects： inter-regional coordination governance， differentiated carbon reduction policies， and transportation network layout.

To investigate the spatiotemporal variations of carbon storage and their driving mechanisms at the watershed scale， this study employs the Yanggong River Basin as a case study. Combined with the results of plot surveys and remote sensing data， we comprehensively applied the PLUS-InVEST-Geodetector model framework to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of land use and carbon storage from 1980 to 2020， simulate carbon storage changes under multiple scenarios in 2030 and 2060， and identify driving factors of spatial heterogeneity in carbon storage. The key findings are as follows： ① Forestland remained the dominant land use type throughout 1980-2020. However， significant land use transitions occurred， characterized by the continuous contraction of cropland area， near-doubling of construction land expansion， and gradual stabilization of grassland and shrubland areas. ② Carbon storage exhibited an "initial increase followed by decrease" trend， peaking at 35.53×10⁶ t in 2010 before slightly declining to 35.26×10⁶ t in 2020 due to construction land expansion. Spatially， carbon storage demonstrated relative stability， maintaining a distinct pattern of higher values in peripheral forest/shrubland regions with dense vegetation coverage and lower values in central urbanized areas. ③ Scenario simulations revealed that under natural development， carbon storage would decrease to 35.02×10⁶ t by 2030 before marginally recovering to 35.16×10⁶ t by 2060. Ecological protection scenarios implementing farmland-to-forest conversion and ecological restoration measures could elevate carbon storage to 35.28×10⁶ t （2030） and 35.57×10⁶ t （2060）. Although cropland protection scenarios maintained both cropland area and carbon storage， overall levels remained comparable to those in natural development scenarios. ④ Geodetector analysis identified soil type （q=0.464）， population density （q=0.374）， and NDVI （q=0.361） as dominant factors governing carbon storage spatial differentiation. Factor interactions demonstrated both two-factor and nonlinear enhancement effects， with particularly strong synergistic driving forces between soil type and GDP/NDVI/population density. These findings provide critical data support for optimizing land use management and enhancing terrestrial ecosystem carbon sequestration in the Yanggong River Basin.

The large-scale expansion of urban land in the context of rapid urbanization has led to significant changes in surface structures， which is a major cause of the degradation of global ecosystem structure and functions. Understanding the comprehensive impacts of urban expansion driven by human activities on ecosystems is crucial for maintaining regional ecosystem health and achieving sustainable development. This study focuses on the central Yunnan urban agglomeration， utilizing land use data from 1990， 2000， 2010， and 2020 to measure the scale， intensity， type， and landscape pattern of urban land expansion. The dynamic evolution of urban expansion over the past 30 years is examined， and an evaluation framework of "vitality-organizational strength-resilience" is developed to assess ecosystem health. Additionally， geographic detector techniques are employed to reveal the impacts of urban expansion on ecosystem health. The results showed that： ① The urban expansion of the central Yunnan urban agglomeration exhibited distinct phases， with multiple expansion types coexisting. The landscape pattern changes across different cities were varied， and the degree of expansion clustering was increasing. The core city， Kunming， primarily experienced infill expansion， while other major cities showed characteristics of edge and enclave expansion. ② The overall health of the urban agglomeration's ecosystem improved， with the highest change in ecosystem health observed in Honghe Prefecture （12.55%）， followed by Chuxiong Prefecture （12.42%）， with the lowest in Kunming （7.11%）. ③ The patch shape index of urban land was the most significant driver of changes in ecosystem health in the Central Yunnan Urban Agglomeration. The combined effect of expansion intensity and patch shape index resulted in the most substantial disturbances to ecosystem health.