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Effect of probiotics plus zinc supplementation on clinical outcomes of infants and children with acute infectious diarrhea: a randomized controlled trial. 益生菌加锌对急性感染性腹泻婴幼儿临床疗效的影响:随机对照试验。
IF 4.2 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2023.01340
Deldar Morad Abdulah, Saad Jbraeil Sulaiman, Zaid Waad Ahmed

Background: Findings are conflicting regarding the effect of zinc supplementation on disease severity in children with acute gastroenteritis.

Purpose: To examine the effects of probiotics and zinc on the clinical outcomes of infants and children with acute infectious diarrhea.

Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, children with mild or moderate to severe acute gastroenteritis in the Kurdistan Region from November 2021 to June 2022 were diagnosed clinically and randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. The experimental group (n=50) received probiotics and zinc, whereas the control group (n=51) received probiotics alone for 1 week. The product contained live Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus paracasei, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (10×106 colony-forming units/day for 7 days). Zinc syrup was administered to the probiotic plus zinc group. Each 5 mL of syrup contained 15 mg of zinc sulfate. Dehydration and disease severity in both groups were measured using the Clinical Dehydration Scale and the Modified Vesikari Scale, respectively. An illness episode was defined as an episode of gastroenteritis with a total score of ≥9 on the Modified Vesikari Scale (range, 0-20).

Results: The probiotic and probiotic plus zinc groups were similar in age (1.79 years vs. 1.69 years, respectively; P= 0.645), sex (male/female ratio: 1.43 and 1.0, respectively; P=0.373), and medical characteristics. The groups had similar mean dehydration and disease severity scores and a similar incidence of dehydration recovery (some dehydration, 3.92% and 4.00%, respectively; P=1.000), and recovery from mild gastroenteritis (0.0% and 2.0%, respectively; P=0.495) at 2 weeks. Significant decreases in mean dehydration severity and disease severity score (1.80 to 0 and 6.66 to 0, respectively; P<0.001) and the development of dehydration (some dehydration, from 94.0% to 4.0%; P<0.001) from baseline to 2 weeks were noted in the probiotics plus zinc group. The probiotics group responded similarly. The development of mild gastroenteritis was significantly reduced from baseline to 2 weeks (90.2% to 0% and 78.0% to 2.0% in the probiotics and probiotics plus zinc groups, respectively; P<0.0001). The probiotics plus zinc group had a shorter mean recovery time (1.34 days vs. 2.00 days, respectively; P<0.001).

Conclusion: Taking probiotics plus zinc did not significantly affect disease severity in children with gastroenteritis at 2 weeks. However, the probiotics plus zinc group recovered more quickly than the probiotics group.

背景:关于补锌对急性肠胃炎患儿疾病严重程度的影响,研究结果相互矛盾:目的:研究益生菌和锌对急性感染性腹泻婴幼儿临床疗效的影响:在这项随机对照试验中,2021年11月至2022年6月期间库尔德斯坦地区患有轻度或中重度急性肠胃炎的儿童经临床诊断后被随机分配到实验组或对照组。实验组(50 人)服用益生菌和锌,而对照组(51 人)仅服用益生菌 1 周。产品中含有活的婴儿双歧杆菌、副干酪乳杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌(10 × 106 菌落总数单位/天,连续 7 天)。益生菌加锌组使用锌糖浆。每 5 毫升糖浆含有 15 毫克硫酸锌。两组的脱水和疾病严重程度分别采用临床脱水量表和改良维西卡里量表进行测量。改良维西卡里量表的总分≥9分(范围为0-20分)即为一次肠胃炎发作:益生菌组和益生菌加锌组在年龄(分别为 1.79 岁和 1.69 岁;P=0.645)、性别(男女比例分别为 1.43 和 1.0;P=0.373)和医疗特征方面相似。两组的平均脱水和疾病严重程度评分相似,两周后脱水恢复(部分脱水,分别为 3.92% 和 4.00%;P=1.000)和轻度肠胃炎恢复(分别为 0.0% 和 2.0%;P=0.495)的发生率相似。平均脱水严重程度和疾病严重程度评分显著下降(分别为 1.80 分至 0 分和 6.66 分至 0 分;P=0.495):服用益生菌加锌对肠胃炎患儿两周后的疾病严重程度没有明显影响。不过,益生菌加锌组比益生菌组恢复得更快。
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引用次数: 0
Acetaminophen causes neurodevelopmental injury in susceptible babies and children: no valid rationale for controversy. 对乙酰氨基酚会对易感婴幼儿的神经发育造成损伤:争议的理由并不充分。
IF 4.2 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2022.01319
Lisa Zhao, John P Jones, Lauren G Anderson, Zacharoula Konsoula, Cynthia D Nevison, Kathryn J Reissner, William Parker

Despite the worldwide acceptance of acetaminophen (APAP) as a necessary medicine in pediatrics, evidence that early exposure to APAP causes neurodevelopmental injury in susceptible babies and children has been mounting for over a decade. The evidence is diverse and includes extensive work with laboratory animals, otherwise unexplained associations, factors associated with APAP metabolism, and limited studies in humans. Although the evidence has reached an overwhelming level and was recently reviewed in detail, controversy persists. This narrative review evaluates some of that controversy. Evidence from the pre- and postpartum periods was considered to avoid controversy raised by consideration of only limited evidence of risks during the prepartum period. Among other issues, the association between APAP use and the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders was considered. A systematic review revealed that the use of APAP in the pediatric population was never tracked carefully; however, historical events that affected its use were documented and are sufficient to establish apparent correlations with changes in the prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Moreover, problems with the exclusive reliance on results of meta-analyses of large datasets with limited time frames of drug exposure were reviewed. Furthermore, the evidence of why some children are susceptible to APAPinduced neurodevelopmental injuries was examined. We concluded that available evidence demonstrates that early exposure to APAP causes neurodevelopmental injury in susceptible babies and small children.

尽管对乙酰氨基酚(APAP)被全世界公认为儿科的必备药物,但十多年来,越来越多的证据表明,早期接触对乙酰氨基酚(APAP)会导致易感婴幼儿的神经发育损伤。证据多种多样,包括对实验室动物的大量研究、无法解释的关联、与 APAP 代谢有关的因素以及对人类的有限研究。尽管这些证据已经达到了压倒性的程度,而且最近还进行了详细的回顾,但争议依然存在。本叙述性综述对其中的一些争议进行了评估。我们考虑了产前和产后的证据,以避免因仅考虑产前风险的有限证据而引发争议。除其他问题外,还考虑了使用 APAP 与神经发育障碍患病率之间的关系。系统性回顾显示,从未对 APAP 在儿科人群中的使用情况进行过仔细跟踪;不过,影响其使用的历史事件已被记录在案,足以确定其与神经发育障碍患病率变化之间的明显相关性。此外,我们还回顾了完全依赖于药物暴露时间有限的大型数据集的荟萃分析结果所存在的问题。此外,我们还研究了为什么有些儿童容易受到 APAP 引起的神经发育损伤的证据。我们的结论是,现有证据表明,早期接触 APAP 会对易受影响的婴儿和幼儿造成神经发育损伤。
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引用次数: 0
Oral administration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuates intestinal injury in necrotizing enterocolitis. 口服骨髓间充质干细胞可减轻坏死性小肠结肠炎的肠道损伤。
IF 4.2 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2023.01151
Yeong Seok Lee, Yong Hoon Jun, Juyoung Lee

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a major cause of morbidity in premature infants. However, effective treatment options for NEC are currently lacking.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the optimal dose of intraperitoneally administered bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and investigate the therapeutic potential of orally administered BM-MSCs in NEC.

Methods: Neonatal mice were fed maternal breast milk for the first 2 days of life. On day 3, the neonatal mice were randomly divided into control, negative control, and BM-MSC-treated groups. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered for 3 days, and cold stress (4°C, 10 minutes) was applied 3 times a day to induce NEC. High-dose (1×106 cells) or low-dose (1×105 cells) BM-MSCs were administered intraperitoneally 1 or 3 times between days 6 and 8 to treat the NEC. The orally administered group received a low dose of BM-MSCs on day 6. Furthermore, except for the control group, intraepithelial cells (IECs) of the small intestine of neonatal mice were treated with LPS and exposed to 5% O2/95% N2 hypoxic stress for 2 hours. Thereafter, each was treated with BM-MSCs.

Results: Tissue injury, apoptosis, and inflammatory marker levels were significantly reduced after BM-MSC administration. Oral administration was as effective as intraperitoneal administration, even at a low dose (1×105 cells) of BM-MSCs. The efficacy of high (1×106 cells) or multiple divided doses of BM-MSCs did not differ from that of low-dose treatment. Significantly improved wound healing was observed after BM-MSC administration to injured IECs.

Conclusion: The oral administration of BM-MSCs is a promising treatment option for NEC in infants. Further human studies of BM-MSCs are necessary to determine the optimal dose required to achieve safe and effective outcomes.

背景: :坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)是早产儿发病的主要原因。目的:本研究旨在确定腹腔注射骨髓间充质干细胞的最佳剂量:本研究旨在确定腹腔注射骨髓间充质干细胞(BM-MSCs)的最佳剂量,并探讨口服骨髓间充质干细胞治疗坏死性小肠结肠炎的潜力:方法:新生小鼠出生后头两天喂母乳。第3天,新生小鼠被随机分为对照组、阴性对照组和BM-间充质干细胞治疗组。给新生小鼠注射脂多糖(LPS)3 天,每天施加 3 次冷应激(4°C,10 分钟)以诱发 NEC。在第6天和第8天之间,腹腔注射高剂量(1×106个细胞)或低剂量(1×105个细胞)BM-间充质干细胞1次或3次,以治疗NEC。口服组在第6天接受低剂量的BM-间充质干细胞。此外,除对照组外,新生小鼠的小肠上皮内细胞(IECs)均经 LPS 处理,并暴露于 5% O2/95% N2 的缺氧压力下 2 小时。之后,分别用骨髓间充质干细胞进行处理:给小鼠注射骨髓间充质干细胞后,组织损伤、细胞凋亡和炎症标志物水平明显降低。即使是低剂量(1×105 个细胞)的 BM-间充质干细胞,口服给药与腹腔给药同样有效。高剂量(1×106 个细胞)或多次分次给药 BM-MSCs 的疗效与低剂量治疗没有差异。结论:口服 BM-MSCs 对损伤的 IECs 有显著的伤口愈合效果:结论:口服 BM-MSCs 是一种治疗婴儿 NEC 的有效方法。有必要对 BM-MSCs 进行进一步的人体研究,以确定达到安全有效治疗效果所需的最佳剂量。
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引用次数: 0
MicroRNAs as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric diseases. 作为诊断和治疗儿科疾病的新型生物标记物的微RNA。
IF 4.2 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-24 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2023.00171
Hwal Rim Jeong, Il Tae Hwang

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by silencing or degrading messenger RNAs. Many of the approximately 2,500 miRNAs discovered in humans are known to regulate vital biological processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and embryonic tissue development. Aberrant miRNA expression may have pathological and malignant consequences. Therefore, miRNAs have emerged as novel diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets for various diseases. Children undergo various stages of growth, development, and maturation between birth and adulthood. It is important to study the role of miRNA expression in normal growth and disease development during these developmental stages. In this mini-review, we discuss the role of miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in various pediatric diseases.

微小 RNA(miRNA)是高度保守的非编码 RNA,通过沉默或降解信使 RNA 来调节基因表达。在人类发现的约 2,500 种 miRNA 中,许多都能调节重要的生物过程,包括细胞分化、增殖、凋亡和胚胎组织发育。miRNA 表达异常可能会导致病理和恶性后果。因此,miRNA 已成为各种疾病的新型诊断标志物和潜在治疗靶点。从出生到成年,儿童经历了不同的生长、发育和成熟阶段。研究 miRNA 表达在这些发育阶段的正常生长和疾病发展中的作用非常重要。在这篇微型综述中,我们将讨论 miRNA 作为诊断和预后生物标志物在各种儿科疾病中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of face mask on pulmonary artery pressure during echocardiography in children and adolescents. 面罩对儿童和青少年进行超声心动图检查时肺动脉压力的影响。
IF 4.2 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2023.01172
Alireza Ahmadi, Mohammad Reza Sabri, Zohreh Sadat Navabi

Background: Face masks have become an important tool for preventing the spread of respiratory diseases. However, we hypothesized that face masks with reduced nasal airflow may alter pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP).

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of face masks on PASP in children and adolescents.

Methods: This case-control study was conducted between March 2021 and April 2022 at the Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center in Isfahan, Iran. Using a convenience sampling method, a total of 120 children and adolescents, boys and girls aged 3-18 years, were allocated into 2 groups of 60 each (case group with congenital heart disease (CHD), control group of healthy subjects). For each patient in the case and control groups, echocardiography (ECHO), heart rate (HR), and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) were performed and measured twice-once with a surgical mask and once without a surgical mask-by a pediatric cardiologist at 10-min intervals.

Results: A total of 110 participants were analyzed. The mean patient age was 9.58±3.40 years versus 10.20±4.15 years in the case (n=50) and control (n=60) groups, respectively. Approximately 76.0% (n=38) of the participants in the case group versus 60.0% of those in the control group were male. In the case and control groups, there was a statistically significant reduction in the mean changes in tricuspid regurgitation (P=0.001), pulmonary regurgitation (P=0.002), and PASP (P=0.001) after face mask removal. Although this study showed a reduction in pulmonary arterial pressure after face mask removal in patients with CHD and healthy subjects, no significant changes in HR (P=0.535) or SpO2 (P=0.741) were observed in either group.

Conclusion: Wearing a face mask increased PASP in healthy children and adolescents with CHD; however, the SPO2 and HR remained unchanged. Therefore, mask removal during ECHO is recommended.

背景:口罩已成为预防呼吸道疾病传播的重要工具。目的:本研究旨在评估口罩对儿童和青少年肺动脉收缩压(PASP)的影响:这项病例对照研究于 2021 年 3 月至 2022 年 4 月在伊朗伊斯法罕的小儿心血管研究中心进行。采用方便抽样法,将 120 名 3-18 岁的儿童和青少年(男孩和女孩)分为两组,每组 60 人(先天性心脏病(CHD)病例组和健康人对照组)。对病例组和对照组的每位患者进行超声心动图(ECHO)、心率(HR)和血氧饱和度(SpO2)测量,并由儿科心脏病专家每隔 10 分钟测量两次--一次戴手术面罩测量,一次不戴手术面罩测量:共对 110 名参与者进行了分析。病例组(n=50)和对照组(n=60)患者的平均年龄分别为(9.58±3.40)岁和(10.20±4.15)岁。病例组约 76.0%(38 人)和对照组 60.0%的参与者为男性。在病例组和对照组中,摘除面罩后三尖瓣反流(P=0.001)、肺动脉反流(P=0.002)和 PASP(P=0.001)的平均变化均有统计学意义的显著降低。尽管该研究显示,摘除面罩后,心脏病患者和健康受试者的肺动脉压均有所下降,但两组患者的心率(P=0.535)或血氧饱和度(P=0.741)均无明显变化:结论:戴面罩会增加患有心脏病的健康儿童和青少年的 PASP,但 SPO2 和 HR 保持不变。因此,建议在 ECHO 期间摘下面罩。
{"title":"Effect of face mask on pulmonary artery pressure during echocardiography in children and adolescents.","authors":"Alireza Ahmadi, Mohammad Reza Sabri, Zohreh Sadat Navabi","doi":"10.3345/cep.2023.01172","DOIUrl":"10.3345/cep.2023.01172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Face masks have become an important tool for preventing the spread of respiratory diseases. However, we hypothesized that face masks with reduced nasal airflow may alter pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP).</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of face masks on PASP in children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-control study was conducted between March 2021 and April 2022 at the Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center in Isfahan, Iran. Using a convenience sampling method, a total of 120 children and adolescents, boys and girls aged 3-18 years, were allocated into 2 groups of 60 each (case group with congenital heart disease (CHD), control group of healthy subjects). For each patient in the case and control groups, echocardiography (ECHO), heart rate (HR), and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) were performed and measured twice-once with a surgical mask and once without a surgical mask-by a pediatric cardiologist at 10-min intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 110 participants were analyzed. The mean patient age was 9.58±3.40 years versus 10.20±4.15 years in the case (n=50) and control (n=60) groups, respectively. Approximately 76.0% (n=38) of the participants in the case group versus 60.0% of those in the control group were male. In the case and control groups, there was a statistically significant reduction in the mean changes in tricuspid regurgitation (P=0.001), pulmonary regurgitation (P=0.002), and PASP (P=0.001) after face mask removal. Although this study showed a reduction in pulmonary arterial pressure after face mask removal in patients with CHD and healthy subjects, no significant changes in HR (P=0.535) or SpO2 (P=0.741) were observed in either group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Wearing a face mask increased PASP in healthy children and adolescents with CHD; however, the SPO2 and HR remained unchanged. Therefore, mask removal during ECHO is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":36018,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"161-167"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10915453/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139565081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Metabolic syndrome and pulmonary dysfunction in asthmatic children during the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 大流行期间哮喘儿童的代谢综合征和肺功能障碍。
IF 4.2 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2023.01480
Jue Seong Lee, Sang Hyun Park, Yoon Lee, Seunghyun Kim, Wonsuck Yoon, Young Yoo
{"title":"Metabolic syndrome and pulmonary dysfunction in asthmatic children during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Jue Seong Lee, Sang Hyun Park, Yoon Lee, Seunghyun Kim, Wonsuck Yoon, Young Yoo","doi":"10.3345/cep.2023.01480","DOIUrl":"10.3345/cep.2023.01480","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36018,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"168-170"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10915456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139900589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Practical issues of oral immunotherapy for egg or milk allergy. 鸡蛋或牛奶过敏口服免疫疗法的实用问题。
IF 4.2 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-19 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2023.00234
Sukyung Kim, Kangmo Ahn, Jihyun Kim

Oral immunotherapy (OIT) has been recommended to reduce parental burden related to strict allergen avoidance and induce desensitization and immune tolerance for patients with long-lasting allergies to hen's eggs (HE) or cow's milk (CM). OIT should be monitored by pediatric allergists specializing in OIT and oral food challenge tests to manage allergic reactions. Although a previous history of anaphylaxis or multiple food allergies is not a contraindication to OIT, it is contraindicated if the patient has uncontrolled asthma, a malignancy, active systemic autoimmune disorders, or diseases requiring treatment with beta-blockers. A variety of OIT protocols have been de veloped to ensure better outcomes and safe up-dosing, including adjunctive therapies with biologics. This review provides insight into the practical issues of various immunotherapy options for children with HE or CM allergies.

对于对鸡蛋(HE)或牛奶(CM)长期过敏的患者,建议采用口服免疫疗法(OIT)来减轻父母严格回避过敏原的负担,并诱导脱敏和免疫耐受。OIT 应由专门从事 OIT 和口服食物挑战试验的儿科过敏专家进行监控,以控制过敏反应。虽然过敏性休克或多种食物过敏病史并非 OIT 的禁忌症,但如果患者患有未控制的哮喘、恶性肿瘤、活动性全身自身免疫性疾病或需要使用β-受体阻滞剂治疗的疾病,则应禁用 OIT。为了确保更好的疗效和安全的剂量,已经制定了多种 OIT 方案,包括生物制剂的辅助疗法。本综述深入探讨了针对 HE 或 CM 过敏症患儿的各种免疫疗法方案的实际问题。
{"title":"Practical issues of oral immunotherapy for egg or milk allergy.","authors":"Sukyung Kim, Kangmo Ahn, Jihyun Kim","doi":"10.3345/cep.2023.00234","DOIUrl":"10.3345/cep.2023.00234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral immunotherapy (OIT) has been recommended to reduce parental burden related to strict allergen avoidance and induce desensitization and immune tolerance for patients with long-lasting allergies to hen's eggs (HE) or cow's milk (CM). OIT should be monitored by pediatric allergists specializing in OIT and oral food challenge tests to manage allergic reactions. Although a previous history of anaphylaxis or multiple food allergies is not a contraindication to OIT, it is contraindicated if the patient has uncontrolled asthma, a malignancy, active systemic autoimmune disorders, or diseases requiring treatment with beta-blockers. A variety of OIT protocols have been de veloped to ensure better outcomes and safe up-dosing, including adjunctive therapies with biologics. This review provides insight into the practical issues of various immunotherapy options for children with HE or CM allergies.</p>","PeriodicalId":36018,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"140-148"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10915454/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9676465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality: potential clinical and training applications in pediatrics. 虚拟现实、增强现实和混合现实:儿科的潜在临床和培训应用。
IF 4.2 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-24 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2022.00731
Suyoung Yoo, Meong Hi Son

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the field of medical training, necessitating innovative approaches to education and practice. During this period, the use of novel technologies like virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) has become increasingly vital. These technologies offer the advantage of transcending the limitations of time and space, thus enabling medical professionals to access various personalized programs for both education and service delivery. This shift is particularly relevant in the realm of pediatric medicine, where traditional training and clinical methods face unique challenges.

Purpose: The primary aim of this study is to explore the application of VR, AR, and MR technologies in pediatric medical settings, with a focus on both clinical applications and the training of pediatric medical professionals. We aim to comprehensively search and review studies that have utilized these technologies in the treatment of pediatric patients and the education of healthcare providers in this field.

Methods: Peer-reviewed articles published in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Scopus from January 1, 2018, to March 1, 2023, were comprehensively searched. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Among the 89 studies, 63 investigated the clinical applications of VR (n=60) or AR (n=3) in pediatric patients, and 25 investigated the applications of VR (n=19), AR (n=5), or MR (n=1) for training medical professionals.

Results: A total of 36 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for clinical application (n=31) and medical training (n=5) were retrieved. Among the RCTs, 21 reported significant improvements in clinical applications (n=17) and medical training (n=4).

Conclusion: Despite a few limitations in conducting research on innovative technology, such research has rapidly expanded, indicating that an increasing number of researchers are involved in pediatric research using these technologies.

背景:COVID-19 大流行对医学培训领域产生了重大影响,因此有必要在教育和实践方面采用创新方法。在此期间,虚拟现实(VR)、增强现实(AR)和混合现实(MR)等新技术的使用变得越来越重要。这些技术具有超越时间和空间限制的优势,从而使医疗专业人员能够获得各种个性化的教育和服务项目。目的:本研究的主要目的是探索 VR、AR 和 MR 技术在儿科医疗环境中的应用,重点关注儿科医疗专业人员的临床应用和培训。我们旨在全面搜索和综述将这些技术应用于儿科患者治疗和该领域医护人员教育的研究:全面检索了 2018 年 1 月 1 日至 2023 年 3 月 1 日期间发表在 PubMed、Cochrane Library、ScienceDirect、Google Scholar 和 Scopus 上的同行评审文章。综述按照 PRISMA(系统综述和 Meta 分析首选报告项目)指南进行。在 89 项研究中,63 项研究调查了 VR(n=60)或 AR(n=3)在儿科患者中的临床应用,25 项研究调查了 VR(n=19)、AR(n=5)或 MR(n=1)在医务人员培训中的应用:结果:共检索到 36 项随机对照试验(RCT),涉及临床应用(31 项)和医疗培训(5 项)。在这些随机对照试验中,有 21 项报告了临床应用(17 项)和医疗培训(4 项)的显著改善:尽管在开展创新技术研究方面存在一些局限性,但此类研究已迅速扩展,这表明越来越多的研究人员正在利用这些技术参与儿科研究。
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引用次数: 0
Community-acquired pneumonia in children: updated perspectives on its etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. 儿童社区获得性肺炎:病因、诊断和治疗的最新观点。
IF 4.2 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2022.01452
Ki Wook Yun

Pneumonia is a common pediatric infectious disease that is familiar to pediatricians and a major cause of hospitalization worldwide. Recent well-designed epidemiologic studies in developed countries indicated that respiratory viruses are detected in 30%-70%, atypical bacteria in 7%-17%, and pyogenic bacteria in 2%-8% of children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The etiological distribution of CAP varies widely by child age and the epidemiological season of the respiratory pathogen. Moreover, diagnostic tests, particularly for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, the 2 major bacterial pathogens involved in pediatric CAP, have several limitations. Therefore, management and empirical antimicrobial therapy for children with CAP should be applied in a stepwise manner based on recent epidemiological, etiological, and microbiological evidence.

肺炎是儿科医生非常熟悉的一种常见儿科传染病,也是全球住院治疗的一个主要原因。最近在发达国家进行的精心设计的流行病学研究表明,在社区获得性肺炎(CAP)住院患儿中,30%-70%的患儿可检测到呼吸道病毒,7%-17%的患儿可检测到非典型细菌,2%-8%的患儿可检测到化脓性细菌。CAP 的病原体分布因儿童年龄和呼吸道病原体流行季节的不同而有很大差异。此外,诊断测试,尤其是检测肺炎链球菌和肺炎支原体(小儿 CAP 的两种主要细菌病原体)的测试,也存在一些局限性。因此,应根据最新的流行病学、病原学和微生物学证据,循序渐进地对 CAP 患儿进行管理和经验性抗菌治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents. 儿童和青少年的非酒精性脂肪肝。
IF 4.2 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2023.00752
Hae Sang Lee
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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