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Metabolic syndrome and pulmonary dysfunction in asthmatic children during the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 大流行期间哮喘儿童的代谢综合征和肺功能障碍。
IF 4.2 Q1 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2023.01480
Jue Seong Lee, Sang Hyun Park, Yoon Lee, Seunghyun Kim, Wonsuck Yoon, Young Yoo
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引用次数: 0
Practical issues of oral immunotherapy for egg or milk allergy. 鸡蛋或牛奶过敏口服免疫疗法的实用问题。
IF 4.2 Q1 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-19 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2023.00234
Sukyung Kim, Kangmo Ahn, Jihyun Kim

Oral immunotherapy (OIT) has been recommended to reduce parental burden related to strict allergen avoidance and induce desensitization and immune tolerance for patients with long-lasting allergies to hen's eggs (HE) or cow's milk (CM). OIT should be monitored by pediatric allergists specializing in OIT and oral food challenge tests to manage allergic reactions. Although a previous history of anaphylaxis or multiple food allergies is not a contraindication to OIT, it is contraindicated if the patient has uncontrolled asthma, a malignancy, active systemic autoimmune disorders, or diseases requiring treatment with beta-blockers. A variety of OIT protocols have been de veloped to ensure better outcomes and safe up-dosing, including adjunctive therapies with biologics. This review provides insight into the practical issues of various immunotherapy options for children with HE or CM allergies.

对于对鸡蛋(HE)或牛奶(CM)长期过敏的患者,建议采用口服免疫疗法(OIT)来减轻父母严格回避过敏原的负担,并诱导脱敏和免疫耐受。OIT 应由专门从事 OIT 和口服食物挑战试验的儿科过敏专家进行监控,以控制过敏反应。虽然过敏性休克或多种食物过敏病史并非 OIT 的禁忌症,但如果患者患有未控制的哮喘、恶性肿瘤、活动性全身自身免疫性疾病或需要使用β-受体阻滞剂治疗的疾病,则应禁用 OIT。为了确保更好的疗效和安全的剂量,已经制定了多种 OIT 方案,包括生物制剂的辅助疗法。本综述深入探讨了针对 HE 或 CM 过敏症患儿的各种免疫疗法方案的实际问题。
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引用次数: 0
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality: potential clinical and training applications in pediatrics. 虚拟现实、增强现实和混合现实:儿科的潜在临床和培训应用。
IF 4.2 Q1 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-24 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2022.00731
Suyoung Yoo, Meong Hi Son

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the field of medical training, necessitating innovative approaches to education and practice. During this period, the use of novel technologies like virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) has become increasingly vital. These technologies offer the advantage of transcending the limitations of time and space, thus enabling medical professionals to access various personalized programs for both education and service delivery. This shift is particularly relevant in the realm of pediatric medicine, where traditional training and clinical methods face unique challenges.

Purpose: The primary aim of this study is to explore the application of VR, AR, and MR technologies in pediatric medical settings, with a focus on both clinical applications and the training of pediatric medical professionals. We aim to comprehensively search and review studies that have utilized these technologies in the treatment of pediatric patients and the education of healthcare providers in this field.

Methods: Peer-reviewed articles published in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Scopus from January 1, 2018, to March 1, 2023, were comprehensively searched. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Among the 89 studies, 63 investigated the clinical applications of VR (n=60) or AR (n=3) in pediatric patients, and 25 investigated the applications of VR (n=19), AR (n=5), or MR (n=1) for training medical professionals.

Results: A total of 36 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for clinical application (n=31) and medical training (n=5) were retrieved. Among the RCTs, 21 reported significant improvements in clinical applications (n=17) and medical training (n=4).

Conclusion: Despite a few limitations in conducting research on innovative technology, such research has rapidly expanded, indicating that an increasing number of researchers are involved in pediatric research using these technologies.

背景:COVID-19 大流行对医学培训领域产生了重大影响,因此有必要在教育和实践方面采用创新方法。在此期间,虚拟现实(VR)、增强现实(AR)和混合现实(MR)等新技术的使用变得越来越重要。这些技术具有超越时间和空间限制的优势,从而使医疗专业人员能够获得各种个性化的教育和服务项目。目的:本研究的主要目的是探索 VR、AR 和 MR 技术在儿科医疗环境中的应用,重点关注儿科医疗专业人员的临床应用和培训。我们旨在全面搜索和综述将这些技术应用于儿科患者治疗和该领域医护人员教育的研究:全面检索了 2018 年 1 月 1 日至 2023 年 3 月 1 日期间发表在 PubMed、Cochrane Library、ScienceDirect、Google Scholar 和 Scopus 上的同行评审文章。综述按照 PRISMA(系统综述和 Meta 分析首选报告项目)指南进行。在 89 项研究中,63 项研究调查了 VR(n=60)或 AR(n=3)在儿科患者中的临床应用,25 项研究调查了 VR(n=19)、AR(n=5)或 MR(n=1)在医务人员培训中的应用:结果:共检索到 36 项随机对照试验(RCT),涉及临床应用(31 项)和医疗培训(5 项)。在这些随机对照试验中,有 21 项报告了临床应用(17 项)和医疗培训(4 项)的显著改善:尽管在开展创新技术研究方面存在一些局限性,但此类研究已迅速扩展,这表明越来越多的研究人员正在利用这些技术参与儿科研究。
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引用次数: 0
Community-acquired pneumonia in children: updated perspectives on its etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. 儿童社区获得性肺炎:病因、诊断和治疗的最新观点。
IF 4.2 Q1 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2022.01452
Ki Wook Yun

Pneumonia is a common pediatric infectious disease that is familiar to pediatricians and a major cause of hospitalization worldwide. Recent well-designed epidemiologic studies in developed countries indicated that respiratory viruses are detected in 30%-70%, atypical bacteria in 7%-17%, and pyogenic bacteria in 2%-8% of children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The etiological distribution of CAP varies widely by child age and the epidemiological season of the respiratory pathogen. Moreover, diagnostic tests, particularly for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, the 2 major bacterial pathogens involved in pediatric CAP, have several limitations. Therefore, management and empirical antimicrobial therapy for children with CAP should be applied in a stepwise manner based on recent epidemiological, etiological, and microbiological evidence.

肺炎是儿科医生非常熟悉的一种常见儿科传染病,也是全球住院治疗的一个主要原因。最近在发达国家进行的精心设计的流行病学研究表明,在社区获得性肺炎(CAP)住院患儿中,30%-70%的患儿可检测到呼吸道病毒,7%-17%的患儿可检测到非典型细菌,2%-8%的患儿可检测到化脓性细菌。CAP 的病原体分布因儿童年龄和呼吸道病原体流行季节的不同而有很大差异。此外,诊断测试,尤其是检测肺炎链球菌和肺炎支原体(小儿 CAP 的两种主要细菌病原体)的测试,也存在一些局限性。因此,应根据最新的流行病学、病原学和微生物学证据,循序渐进地对 CAP 患儿进行管理和经验性抗菌治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents. 儿童和青少年的非酒精性脂肪肝。
IF 4.2 Q1 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2023.00752
Hae Sang Lee
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引用次数: 0
High-resolution anorectal manometry in children. 儿童高分辨率肛门直肠测压。
IF 4.2 Q1 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2022.01242
Yogesh Waikar

Anorectal manometry is one of the motility tests in children performed by pediatric gastroenterologist. It evaluates the motility function of anorectal tract. It is helpful for diagnosing children with constipation, rectal hypersensitivity, fecal incontinence, Hirschsprung disease, anal achalasia, and anorectal malformations. The most common indication to perform anorectal manometry is to diagnose Hirschsprung disease. It is a safe procedure. This paper discusses recent advances and reviews on anorectal motility disorders in children.

肛门直肠测压是儿科胃肠病医生进行的儿童运动测试之一。它能评估肛门直肠的运动功能。它有助于诊断儿童便秘、直肠过敏、大便失禁、赫斯普林病、肛门失弛缓症和肛门直肠畸形。肛门直肠测压最常见的适应症是诊断赫氏病。这是一种安全的手术。本文讨论了儿童肛门直肠运动障碍的最新进展和综述。
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引用次数: 0
Vitamin B12 deficiency in anemic children before versus after age 2 years: a form of hidden hunger in India. 两岁前和两岁后贫血儿童的维生素 B12 缺乏症:印度的一种隐性饥饿。
IF 4.2 Q1 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2023.01347
Sahil Goel, Ruchika Bhatnagar, Anita Kumari, Brig Prem Lochan Prasad, Lahar Sahai
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引用次数: 0
Moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in children: focus on systemic Th2 cytokine receptor antagonists and Janus kinase inhibitors. 儿童中度至重度特应性皮炎:关注全身 Th2 细胞因子受体拮抗剂和 Janus 激酶抑制剂。
IF 4.2 Q1 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2022.00346
Jeong Hee Kim, Mona Salem Samra

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a lifelong disease that markedly impairs quality of life. AD is considered a starting point of the "atopic march," which begins at a young age and may progress to systemic allergic diseases. Moreover, it is strongly associated with comorbid allergic and inflammatory diseases including arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Understanding the pathogenesis of AD is essential for the development of targeted therapies. Epidermal barrier dysfunction, immune deviation toward a T helper 2 proinflammatory profile, and microbiome dysbiosis play important roles via complex interactions. The systemic involvement of type 2 inflammation, wheather acute or chronic, and whether extrinsic or intrinsic, is evident in any type of AD. Studies on AD endotypes with unique biological mechanisms have been conducted according to clinical phenotypes, such as race or age, but the endotype for each phenotype, or endophenotype, has not yet been clearly identified. Therefore, AD is still being treated according to severity rather than endotype. Infancy-onset and severe AD are known risk factors leading to atopic march. In addition, up to 40% of adult AD are cases of infancy-onset AD that persist into adulthood, and these are often accompanied by other allergic diseases. Therefore, early intervention strategies to identify high-risk infants and young children, repair an impaired skin barrier, and control systemic inflamation may improve long-term outcomes in AD patients. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated the effectiveness of early intervention on atopic march using systemic therapy in high-risk infants. This narrative review addresses the latest knowledge of systemic treatment, including Th2 cytokine receptor antagonists and Janus kinase inhibitors, for children with moderate to severe AD that is refractory to topical treatment.

特应性皮炎(AD)是一种严重影响生活质量的终身性疾病。特应性皮炎被认为是 "特应性进程 "的起点,它始于幼年,并可能发展为全身性过敏性疾病。此外,它还与合并过敏性和炎症性疾病(包括关节炎和炎症性肠病)密切相关。了解过敏性皮炎的发病机制对于开发靶向疗法至关重要。表皮屏障功能障碍、T 辅助细胞 2 型促炎免疫偏差和微生物群失调通过复杂的相互作用发挥着重要作用。无论是急性还是慢性,无论是外在还是内在,2 型炎症的系统性参与在任何类型的 AD 中都是显而易见的。根据临床表型(如种族或年龄)对具有独特生物机制的 AD 内型进行了研究,但每种表型的内型(或称内表型)尚未明确确定。因此,目前仍在根据严重程度而非内型来治疗注意力缺失症。婴儿期发病和严重的 AD 是导致特应性进展的已知风险因素。此外,多达 40% 的成人 AD 是婴儿期发病并持续到成年的 AD 病例,而且这些病例通常伴有其他过敏性疾病。因此,识别高危婴幼儿、修复受损皮肤屏障和控制全身性炎症的早期干预策略可能会改善 AD 患者的长期预后。然而,据我们所知,还没有研究评估过早期干预对高危婴幼儿特应性进展使用系统疗法的效果。本综述介绍了系统治疗的最新知识,包括 Th2 细胞因子受体拮抗剂和 Janus 激酶抑制剂,用于局部治疗无效的中重度 AD 患儿。
{"title":"Moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in children: focus on systemic Th2 cytokine receptor antagonists and Janus kinase inhibitors.","authors":"Jeong Hee Kim, Mona Salem Samra","doi":"10.3345/cep.2022.00346","DOIUrl":"10.3345/cep.2022.00346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a lifelong disease that markedly impairs quality of life. AD is considered a starting point of the \"atopic march,\" which begins at a young age and may progress to systemic allergic diseases. Moreover, it is strongly associated with comorbid allergic and inflammatory diseases including arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Understanding the pathogenesis of AD is essential for the development of targeted therapies. Epidermal barrier dysfunction, immune deviation toward a T helper 2 proinflammatory profile, and microbiome dysbiosis play important roles via complex interactions. The systemic involvement of type 2 inflammation, wheather acute or chronic, and whether extrinsic or intrinsic, is evident in any type of AD. Studies on AD endotypes with unique biological mechanisms have been conducted according to clinical phenotypes, such as race or age, but the endotype for each phenotype, or endophenotype, has not yet been clearly identified. Therefore, AD is still being treated according to severity rather than endotype. Infancy-onset and severe AD are known risk factors leading to atopic march. In addition, up to 40% of adult AD are cases of infancy-onset AD that persist into adulthood, and these are often accompanied by other allergic diseases. Therefore, early intervention strategies to identify high-risk infants and young children, repair an impaired skin barrier, and control systemic inflamation may improve long-term outcomes in AD patients. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated the effectiveness of early intervention on atopic march using systemic therapy in high-risk infants. This narrative review addresses the latest knowledge of systemic treatment, including Th2 cytokine receptor antagonists and Janus kinase inhibitors, for children with moderate to severe AD that is refractory to topical treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":36018,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10839191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9639082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clinical considerations and practical issues of kidney complications in children after COVID-19 infection or vaccination. 儿童COVID-19感染或疫苗接种后肾脏并发症的临床考虑及现实问题
IF 4.2 Q1 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2023.01074
Jiwon Jung, Joo Hoon Lee
{"title":"Clinical considerations and practical issues of kidney complications in children after COVID-19 infection or vaccination.","authors":"Jiwon Jung, Joo Hoon Lee","doi":"10.3345/cep.2023.01074","DOIUrl":"10.3345/cep.2023.01074","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36018,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10764664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138177442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets: from diagnosis to management. X 连锁低磷血症佝偻病:从诊断到管理。
IF 4.2 Q1 Nursing Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2022.01459
Eujin Park, Hee Gyung Kang

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), the most common cause of hypophosphatemic rickets, affects one in every 20,000 people. Although conventional therapy for XLH was introduced approximately 4 decades ago, the temporary replacement of oral phosphate salts and activated vitamin D cannot completely control chronic hypophosphatemia, leaving patients with incomplete healing and residual skeletal deformity as well as at risk of endocrine abnormalities and adverse drug reactions. However, understanding the pathophysiology has led to the development of a targeted therapy, burosumab, a fibroblast growth factor-23 inhibitor that was recently approved in Korea for the treatment of XLH. This review provides insight into the diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, and recommended follow-up for a typical case of XLH and reviews its pathophysiology.

X连锁性低磷血症(XLH)是低磷血症性佝偻病最常见的病因,每两万人中就有一人患病。虽然 XLH 的传统疗法在大约 40 年前就已问世,但口服磷酸盐和活性维生素 D 的临时替代疗法并不能完全控制慢性低磷酸盐血症,患者的伤口愈合不完全,骨骼残留畸形,还可能出现内分泌异常和药物不良反应。然而,通过对病理生理学的了解,开发出了一种靶向疗法--burosumab,这是一种成纤维细胞生长因子-23抑制剂,最近在韩国获批用于治疗XLH。本综述深入探讨了XLH典型病例的诊断、评估、治疗和建议随访,并回顾了其病理生理学。
{"title":"X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets: from diagnosis to management.","authors":"Eujin Park, Hee Gyung Kang","doi":"10.3345/cep.2022.01459","DOIUrl":"10.3345/cep.2022.01459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), the most common cause of hypophosphatemic rickets, affects one in every 20,000 people. Although conventional therapy for XLH was introduced approximately 4 decades ago, the temporary replacement of oral phosphate salts and activated vitamin D cannot completely control chronic hypophosphatemia, leaving patients with incomplete healing and residual skeletal deformity as well as at risk of endocrine abnormalities and adverse drug reactions. However, understanding the pathophysiology has led to the development of a targeted therapy, burosumab, a fibroblast growth factor-23 inhibitor that was recently approved in Korea for the treatment of XLH. This review provides insight into the diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, and recommended follow-up for a typical case of XLH and reviews its pathophysiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":36018,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10764665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9639086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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