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Balance assessment with decreased base of support for children with disabilities. 平衡评估,减少对残疾儿童的支持。
IF 3.2 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2024.00780
Guilherme M Cesar, Madison Giebler, Thad W Buster, Judith M Burnfield

Background: Children's ability to achieve an appropriate motor development is largely associated with their capacity to control balance. Furthermore, accomplishing balance tasks with a narrowed base of support is a necessary precursor to engaging in everyday functional activities and developing more complex balance abilities.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between the tandem stance (TS) and the single-limb stance (SLS) items of the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) assessment tool with the PBS total score in children with impaired balance.

Methods: Forty-two children (22 with neurological disabilities, 10.7±3.1 years; 20 typically developing [TD], 8.3±2.7 years) performed all 14 PBS items. Linear regressions separately determined the impact of TS and SLS on total PBS score in both groups. Bland-Altman plots expressed agreement between the balance measurements.

Results: For children with disabilities, only the SLS entered the model, explaining 64.5% of the variance in total PBS score. A high level of agreement was observed between the SLS and total PBS scores. For TD children, only the TS entered the model, explaining 45.2% of the variance in the total PBS score. A high level of agreement was observed between the TS and total PBS scores.

Conclusion: Our findings support the practical and efficient use of a single balance task to assess balance ability in children with disabilities.

背景:儿童实现适当运动发展的能力在很大程度上与他们控制平衡的能力有关。目的:研究小儿平衡力量表(PBS)评估工具中的串联站姿(TS)和单肢站姿(SLS)项目与平衡力受损儿童的 PBS 总分之间的关系:42名儿童(22名神经残疾儿童,10.7±3.1岁;20名发育正常儿童[TD],8.3±2.7岁)完成了所有14个PBS项目。线性回归分别确定了两组儿童中 TS 和 SLS 对 PBS 总分的影响。布兰-阿尔特曼图表达了平衡测量之间的一致性:结果:对于残疾儿童,只有 SLS 进入模型,解释了 PBS 总分中 64.5% 的变异。SLS 和 PBS 总分之间的一致性很高。对于 TD 儿童,只有 TS 进入了模型,解释了 PBS 总分中 45.2% 的变异。TS 和 PBS 总分之间的一致性也很高:我们的研究结果表明,使用单一平衡任务评估残疾儿童的平衡能力既实用又有效。
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引用次数: 0
A review of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms in endocrine related disorders. 综述内分泌相关疾病中的维生素 D 缺乏症和维生素 D 受体多态性。
IF 3.2 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2024.00227
Nur Faten Hafizah Rosli, Noor Shafina Mohd Nor, Rose Adzrianee Adnan, Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir

The endocrine system is a complex network of glands that produce and release hormones that regulate various physiological processes. In the past few decades, the human skin has been identified as an important peripheral endocrine organ that is the main site for the synthesis of vitamin D through exposure to sunlight. Mutations in downstream vitamin D-related gene pathways are associated with disease development. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene, which regulates the pleiotropic effects of vitamin D, has been extensively studied in adult populations. Several studies have reported the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents. With changes in socioeconomic status and lifestyle, vitamin D-deficient individuals are prone to developing the disease at a young age. However, geographical and racial differences affect the association between VDR gene polymorphisms and vitamin D endocrine disorders, explaining the non-consensus effects of polymorphisms and their association with disease development across populations. In this review, we discuss the connection between the vitamin D endocrine system and polymorphisms in the gene encoding VDR in children and adolescents, focusing on its effects on growth, puberty, insulin resistance, and the immune system.

内分泌系统是一个复杂的腺体网络,可产生和释放调节各种生理过程的激素。在过去几十年中,人类皮肤已被确认为一个重要的外周内分泌器官,是通过暴露在阳光下合成维生素 D 的主要部位。下游维生素 D 相关基因通路的突变与疾病的发生有关。维生素 D 受体(VDR)基因可调节维生素 D 的多效应,该基因已在成年人群中得到广泛研究。一些研究报告了儿童和青少年维生素 D 缺乏症的发病率。随着社会经济地位和生活方式的变化,维生素 D 缺乏者很容易在年轻时患病。然而,地理和种族差异会影响 VDR 基因多态性与维生素 D 内分泌失调之间的关联,这也解释了多态性的影响及其与不同人群疾病发展之间的关联并不一致。在这篇综述中,我们将讨论维生素 D 内分泌系统与儿童和青少年中编码 VDR 基因的多态性之间的联系,重点关注其对生长、青春期、胰岛素抵抗和免疫系统的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Microplastic and human health with focus on pediatric well-being: a comprehensive review and call for future studies. 微塑料与人类健康,关注儿科健康:全面回顾与未来研究呼吁。
IF 3.2 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2023.01739
Rogers Wainkwa Chia, Venant Atem Ntegang, Jin-Yong Lee, Jihye Cha

Although humans are highly dependent on plastics from infancy to adolescence, these materials can degrade into ubiquitous microplastics (MPs) that affect individuals at every stage of life. However, information on the sources, mechanisms, detection techniques, and detrimental effects of MPs on children's health from infancy to adolescence is limited. Hence, here we identified and reviewed original research papers published in 2017-2023 across 11 database categories in PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science to improve our understanding of MPs with a focus on pediatric well-being. These studies found that milk and infant formulas are common sources of MP exposure in infants. Infant formula is the dominant source of MPs in babies, while plastic toys are a common source of MPs in toddlers. Adolescents are frequently exposed to MPs through the consumption of food contaminated with MPs and the use of plastics in food packaging. Water and air are sources of MP exposure in children from infancy through adolescence. This study thoroughly summarized how MP exposure in children of all ages causes cell damage and leads to adverse health effects such as cancer. With appropriate authorization from the relevant authorities, small amounts of human biological samples (10 g of feces) were collected from volunteers to assess the amounts of MPs in children with the aim of promoting pediatric well-being. The samples were then treated with Fenton's reagent, stored in glass jars, and filtered through nonplastic filters. Finally, MPs in children were quantified using stereomicroscopy and characterized using micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

虽然人类从婴儿期到青春期都高度依赖塑料,但这些材料会降解成无处不在的微塑料(MPs),影响生命每个阶段的个体。然而,有关微塑料的来源、机理、检测技术以及对婴儿期至青春期儿童健康的有害影响的信息非常有限。因此,在此我们在PubMed、Google Scholar、Scopus和Web of Science的11个数据库类别中识别并回顾了2017-2023年发表的原创研究论文,以增进我们对MPs的了解,重点关注儿科健康。这些研究发现,牛奶和婴儿配方奶粉是婴儿接触 MP 的常见来源。婴儿配方奶粉是婴儿摄入多溴联苯醚的主要来源,而塑料玩具则是幼儿摄入多溴联苯醚的常见来源。青少年经常通过食用被多溴联苯污染的食物和在食品包装中使用塑料来接触多溴联苯。从婴儿期到青春期,水和空气都是儿童接触多溴联苯的来源。本研究全面总结了各年龄段儿童暴露于多溴联苯是如何造成细胞损伤并导致癌症等不良健康影响的。在获得有关当局的适当授权后,研究人员从志愿者身上采集了少量人体生物样本(10 克粪便),以评估儿童体内的多溴联苯醚含量,从而促进儿童健康。然后用芬顿试剂对样本进行处理,储存在玻璃瓶中,并通过非塑料过滤器进行过滤。最后,使用立体显微镜对儿童体内的 MPs 进行量化,并使用显微傅立叶变换红外光谱对其进行表征。
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引用次数: 0
Polysomnographic features of children with obesity: body mass index predict severe obstructive sleep apnea in obese children? 肥胖儿童的多导睡眠图特征:体重指数能否预测肥胖儿童的严重阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停?
IF 3.2 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2024.00066
Rungrat Sukharom, Prakarn Tovichien, Kanokporn Udomittipong, Pinyapach Tiamduangtawan, Wattanachai Chotinaiwattarakul

Background: Few studies have explored the polysomnographic features of children with obesity.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the demographic and polysomnographic features of obese children and determine whether body mass index (BMI) could predict severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited obese children who underwent diagnostic polysomnography between January 2019 and March 2022. We explored demographic and anthropometric measures as well as polysomnographic abnormalities among them. We used receiver operating characteristic curves and logistic regression analyses to determine the optimal cut-off values of anthropometric variables for predicting severe OSA.

Results: A total of 132 children with obesity (76.5% male; mean age, 12.5 ± 3.2 years) were included. Severe OSA was identified in 64 (48.5%) children. Desaturation was observed in 59.8%, while 23.5% had hyperarousal, 20.5% had sleep-related hypoventilation, 60.6% had positional OSA, 40.2% had REM-related OSA, and 5.0% had obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Among them, BMI (odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.17; p < 0.001), neck circumference (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.07-1.25; p < 0.001), and waist circumference (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.07; p = 0.001) were significantly associated with severe OSA. These findings suggest a cut-off BMI for predicting severe OSA of greater than 29.2 kg/m2 with 81.3% sensitivity and 48.5% specificity.

Conclusion: Severe OSA is common in children with obesity; thus, we recommend screening children with obesity and a BMI greater than 29.2 kg/m2 for severe OSA.

背景:很少有研究探讨肥胖儿童的多导睡眠图特征:目的:本研究旨在探讨肥胖儿童的人口学和多导睡眠图特征,并确定体重指数(BMI)是否可预测严重阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA):这项横断面研究招募了在2019年1月至2022年3月期间接受多导睡眠图诊断的肥胖儿童。我们探讨了他们的人口统计学和人体测量指标以及多导睡眠图异常。我们使用接收器操作特征曲线和逻辑回归分析来确定人体测量变量预测严重 OSA 的最佳临界值:共纳入 132 名肥胖儿童(76.5% 为男性;平均年龄为 12.5 ± 3.2 岁)。64名儿童(48.5%)被确定为重度 OSA。59.8%的患儿出现呼吸不饱和,23.5%的患儿出现呼吸亢进,20.5%的患儿出现睡眠相关性通气不足,60.6%的患儿出现体位性 OSA,40.2%的患儿出现快速眼动相关性 OSA,5.0%的患儿出现肥胖性通气不足综合征。其中,体重指数(几率比 [OR],1.11;95% 置信区间 [CI],1.05-1.17;P < 0.001)、颈围(OR,1.15;95% CI,1.07-1.25;P < 0.001)和腰围(OR,1.04;95% CI,1.02-1.07;P = 0.001)与严重 OSA 显著相关。这些研究结果表明,预测严重 OSA 的 BMI 临界值应大于 29.2 kg/m2,灵敏度为 81.3%,特异度为 48.5%:结论:严重 OSA 常见于肥胖儿童;因此,我们建议对体重指数大于 29.2 kg/m2 的肥胖儿童进行严重 OSA 筛查。
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引用次数: 0
The predetermined future: tackling South Korea's total fertility rate crisis. 预定的未来:应对韩国的总和生育率危机。
IF 3.2 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2024.00871
Jin Kyu Kim
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引用次数: 0
Strategies to support language development in neonatal intensive care unit: a narrative review. 支持新生儿重症监护室语言发展的策略:叙述性综述。
IF 3.2 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2024.00087
Ju Sun Heo, Ee-Kyung Kim

Despite neonatal intensive care advancements and quality improvements, preterm infants often experience delays in speech and language development during early childhood. The etiological pathway of language delays is multifactorial, including younger gestational age at birth, male sex, pregnancy complications including gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia, organic pathology from neonatal morbidities, environmental factors of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and prolonged hospitalization, home environment including socioeconomic status and parental education, and parent-infant interactions. As early language experiences and environments are crucial for the development of language processing, strategies to support language development should be implemented from the NICU onward. This study aimed to summarize evidence-based strategies for language development through an extensive review of nutrition, NICU environment, language and sound exposure, developmental care interventions, and family-centered care. Promoting breastfeeding, increasing parent-infant interactions in a single-family room setting, nurturing the language environment via parental book reading and language interventions, and parent-integrated interventions in the NICU could potentially enhance language development among preterm infants. These supportive strategies can be integrated through family-centered care, which recognizes parents as primary caregivers and collaborative partners.

尽管新生儿重症监护取得了进步,质量也得到了提高,但早产儿在幼儿期的言语和语言发育往往会出现延迟。语言发育迟缓的病因是多因素的,包括较小的出生胎龄、男性、妊娠并发症(包括妊娠糖尿病和先兆子痫)、新生儿疾病引起的器质性病变、新生儿重症监护室(NICU)和长期住院的环境因素、家庭环境(包括社会经济地位和父母教育程度)以及父母与婴儿之间的互动。由于早期语言经验和环境对语言处理能力的发展至关重要,因此应从新生儿重症监护室开始实施支持语言发展的策略。本研究旨在通过对营养、新生儿重症监护室环境、语言和声音接触、发育护理干预以及以家庭为中心的护理等方面的广泛研究,总结出以证据为基础的语言发育策略。促进母乳喂养、在单人病房环境中增加父母与婴儿的互动、通过父母的图书阅读和语言干预来培养语言环境,以及在新生儿重症监护室中采取父母一体化干预措施,都有可能促进早产儿的语言发展。这些支持性策略可以通过以家庭为中心的护理进行整合,这种护理承认父母是主要的照顾者和合作伙伴。
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引用次数: 0
What we should know about pediatric heart failure: children are not small adults. 关于小儿心力衰竭,我们应该知道:儿童不是小大人。
IF 3.2 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2023.01130
Ja-Kyoung Yoon
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引用次数: 0
Efficacy of leuprolide acetate versus triptorelin pamoate administered every 3 months for treatment of central precocious puberty. 在治疗中枢性性早熟方面,醋酸亮丙瑞林与帕莫酸曲普瑞林每 3 个月给药一次的疗效对比。
IF 3.2 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2024.00822
Thanaporn Thaneetrakool, Suphab Aroonparkmongkol, Nattakarn Numsriskulrat, Vichit Supornsilchai, Suttipong Wacharasindhu, Khomsak Srilanchakon

Background: Central precocious puberty (CPP) is typically treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists. Although numerous GnRH agonist variants are available, limited research has compared the efficacy of leuprolide acetate and triptorelin pamoate administered at 3-month intervals.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of CPP treatment with triptorelin pamoate and leuprolide acetate administered at 3-month intervals.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 116 girls with CPP: 71 treated with leuprolide acetate every 3 months and 45 treated with triptorelin pamoate every 3 months. Anthropometric measurements were compared before and after therapy. At 6 months after the therapy, luteinizing hormone (LH) suppression was evaluated.

Results: When administered every 3 months, leuprolide acetate and triptorelin pamoate significantly suppressed LH. The predicted adult height (PAH) and degree of bone age advancement at the end of treatment were comparable.

Conclusion: Treatment with leuprolide acetate and triptorelin pamoate every 3 months did not have significantly different effects on LH suppression or PAH.

背景:中枢性性早熟(CPP)通常采用促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)激动剂治疗。目的:本研究旨在评估醋酸曲普瑞林和醋酸亮丙瑞林治疗中枢性性早熟的疗效:这项回顾性队列研究包括116名CPP女孩:71名每3个月接受一次醋酸亮丙瑞林治疗,45名每3个月接受一次帕莫酸曲普瑞林治疗。对比了治疗前后的人体测量数据。治疗 6 个月后,对黄体生成素(LH)抑制情况进行了评估:结果:醋酸亮丙瑞林和帕莫酸曲普瑞林每 3 个月给药一次,可显著抑制 LH。结论:醋酸亮丙瑞林和帕莫酸曲普瑞林治疗可明显抑制促性腺激素(LH),治疗结束时的预测成人身高(PAH)和骨龄增长程度相当:结论:每 3 个月服用醋酸亮丙瑞林和帕莫酸曲普瑞林对抑制 LH 或 PAH 的效果没有明显差异。
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引用次数: 0
Recent updates on systemic treatment of atopic dermatitis. 特应性皮炎系统治疗的最新进展。
IF 3.2 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2024.00339
Jiyoung Ahn

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex disease with multifactorial pathogenesis and variable clinical presentation. Up to one-fifth of patients with AD develop moderate to severe disease that is often refractory to classical therapies and can compromise quality of life. This review summarizes recent clinical evidence on biological agents and small-molecule immunotherapies for the treatment of AD.

特应性皮炎(AD)是一种复杂的疾病,具有多因素致病机理和多变的临床表现。多达五分之一的特应性皮炎患者会出现中度至重度疾病,通常对传统疗法难治,并会影响生活质量。本综述总结了治疗AD的生物制剂和小分子免疫疗法的最新临床证据。
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引用次数: 0
Growth plate closure and therapeutic interventions. 生长板闭合和治疗干预。
IF 3.2 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2023.00346
Ja Hyang Cho, Hae Woon Jung, Kye Shik Shim

Height gains result from longitudinal bone growth, which is largely dependent on chondrocyte differentiation and proliferation within the growth plates of long bones. The growth plate, that is, the epiphyseal plate, is divided into resting, proliferative, and hypertrophic zones according to chondrocyte characteristics. The differentiation potential of progenitor cells in the resting zone, continuous capacity for chondrocyte differentiation and proliferation within the proliferative zone, timely replacement by osteocytes, and calcification in the hypertrophic zone are the 3 main factors controlling longitudinal bone growth. Upon adequate longitudinal bone growth, growth plate senescence limits human body height. During growth plate senescence, progenitor cells within the resting zone are depleted, proliferative chondrocyte numbers decrease, and hypertrophic chondrocyte number and size decrease. After senescence, hypertrophic chondrocytes are replaced by osteocytes, the extracellular matrix is calcified and vascularized, the growth plate is closed, and longitudinal bone growth is complete. To date, gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs, aromatase inhibitors, C-type natriuretic peptide analogs, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 inhibitors have been studied or used as therapeutic interventions to delay growth plate closure. Complex networks of cellular, genetic, paracrine, and endocrine signals are involved in growth plate closure. However, the detailed mechanisms of this process remain unclear. Further elucidation of these mechanisms will enable the development of new therapeutic modalities for the treatment of short stature, precocious puberty, and skeletal dysplasia.

身高的增长源于骨骼的纵向生长,而骨骼的纵向生长主要取决于长骨生长板内软骨细胞的分化和增殖。生长板(即骺板)根据软骨细胞的特征分为静止区、增殖区和肥厚区。静止区祖细胞的分化潜能、增殖区内软骨细胞的持续分化和增殖能力、骨细胞的及时替代以及肥厚区的钙化是控制骨骼纵向生长的三个主要因素。在骨骼纵向生长达到一定程度后,生长板的衰老会限制人的身高。在生长板衰老过程中,静止区内的祖细胞耗竭,增殖软骨细胞数量减少,肥大软骨细胞数量和体积缩小。衰老后,肥大软骨细胞被骨细胞取代,细胞外基质钙化和血管化,生长板闭合,纵向骨生长完成。迄今为止,已有促性腺激素释放激素类似物、芳香化酶抑制剂、C 型钠尿肽类似物和成纤维细胞生长因子受体 3 抑制剂被研究或用作延迟生长板闭合的治疗干预措施。生长板闭合涉及复杂的细胞、遗传、旁分泌和内分泌信号网络。然而,这一过程的详细机制仍不清楚。对这些机制的进一步研究将有助于开发治疗矮身材、性早熟和骨骼发育不良的新方法。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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