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2020 17th International Conference on Ubiquitous Robots (UR)最新文献

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A Novel Motion-Onset N200P300 Brain-Computer Interface Paradigm* 一种新的运动启动N200P300脑机接口模式*
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/UR49135.2020.9144983
Tao Xue, Jun Xie, Guanghua Xu, Peng Fang, Guiling Cui, Guanglin Li, Guozhi Cao, Yanjun Zhang, T. Tao, Min Li, Xiaodong Zhang
The event related potential (ERP) component P300 and N200 are considered to be the most valuable electrophysiological indicators to reflect cognitive function. The traditional rare-event P300-BCI paradigm usually only takes P300 component as the target feature but ignores the N200 component. In this paper, we proposed a novel motion-onset N200P300 brain-computer interface (BCI) paradigm, which could evoke significant N200 and P300 responses simultaneously. To evaluate the practicality of the proposed novel BCI paradigm and the robustness of the evoked N200P300 components, three different classifiers of linear discriminant analysis (LDA), stepwise linear discriminant analysis (SWLDA) and support vector machine (SVM) with different algorithm principles were used to analyze the recognition accuracy. We also compared the motion-onset N200P300 data with an N200-free portion to evaluate the impact of N200 component on the improvement of the BCI accuracy. Experimental results showed that, by means of this N200P300 combination feature, the BCI accuracy significantly increased and the false positive rate significantly decreased, indicating that the proposed motion-onset N200P300 BCI paradigm has superior performance than a traditional P300-BCI paradigm.
事件相关电位(ERP)成分P300和N200被认为是反映认知功能最有价值的电生理指标。传统的罕见事件P300- bci范式通常只将P300组件作为目标特征,而忽略了N200组件。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的运动启动的N200P300脑机接口(BCI)范式,该范式可以同时引起显著的N200和P300反应。为了评估所提出的新型脑机接口范式的实用性和诱发的N200P300分量的鲁棒性,采用线性判别分析(LDA)、逐步线性判别分析(SWLDA)和支持向量机(SVM)三种不同算法原理的分类器对识别精度进行了分析。我们还将运动开始的N200P300数据与无N200部分进行了比较,以评估N200分量对BCI精度提高的影响。实验结果表明,通过该N200P300组合特征,BCI准确率显著提高,假阳性率显著降低,表明所提出的运动启动型N200P300 BCI范式具有优于传统P300-BCI范式的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Kinematic Analysis and Design Optimization for a Reduced-DoF Quadruped Robot with Minimal Torque Requirements 最小力矩四足机器人的运动学分析与优化设计
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/UR49135.2020.9144804
Jingwen Zhang, Junjie Shen, D. Hong
With a unique kinematic arrangement, a new type of quadruped robot with reduced degrees of freedom (DoF) requires minimal-torque actuators to achieve high-payload locomotion. This paper focuses on the kinematic analysis and design optimization for robots of this type. To plan and control its change of posture, a necessary strategy to find feasible solutions of full-body inverse kinematics under additional kinematic constraints is introduced. A design method via nonlinear programming (NLP) is first presented in order to optimize link parameters with guarantee to a series of successive steps. Workspace is also investigated to prepare for further dynamic motion planning. We have verified feasibility of proposed methods with software simulations and hardware implementations, e.g., omni-directional walking and situ rotation.
新型低自由度四足机器人采用独特的运动学布局,要求采用小力矩作动器实现高载荷运动。本文主要对该类机器人进行运动学分析和优化设计。为了规划和控制机器人的姿态变化,引入了一种在附加运动学约束下求全身逆运动学可行解的必要策略。首先提出了一种基于非线性规划(NLP)的连杆参数优化设计方法,保证了连杆参数的连续优化。研究了工作空间,为进一步的动态运动规划做准备。我们已经通过软件模拟和硬件实现验证了所提出方法的可行性,例如,全方位行走和原位旋转。
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引用次数: 0
Characterization and Evaluation of A Cable-Actuated Flexible Hand Exoskeleton* 一种缆索驱动柔性手外骨骼的特性与评价*
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/UR49135.2020.9144871
Hu Huang, Aibin Zhu, Jiyuan Song, Yao Tu, Xiaojun Shi, Zhifu Guo
Flexible hand exoskeleton robots are more and more used in medical rehabilitation. This is due to the fact that these exoskeletons have strong compatibility with hands, can realize continuous deformation, and can apply force according to the motion trajectory. This paper proposes a cable-actuated flexible hand exoskeleton. Firstly, a motion model of one finger is established. Then a hand exoskeleton for rehabilitation is designed and constructed based on it. The exoskeleton is remotely actuated by motor and the force is transmitted through cables to achieve the bidirectional drive of the fingers. In addition, a tensioning mechanism of pulley block is designed to pre-tension the wire slack in the process of wire transmission. Finally, the experiment results show that the exoskeleton can bend the three joints of the index finger (DIP, PIP, and MCP) to 57 degrees, 35 degrees, and 31 degrees respectively. Under the load of 2.5N per finger, the exoskeleton can still drive the fingers to flex. The experimental results verify that the exoskeleton is a feasible solution that can meet the requirements of hand rehabilitation and can enable patients to recover and improve finger function in daily activities.
柔性手外骨骼机器人在医疗康复中的应用越来越广泛。这是因为这些外骨骼与手具有很强的兼容性,可以实现连续变形,并且可以根据运动轨迹施加力。提出了一种缆索驱动的柔性手外骨骼。首先,建立单个手指的运动模型;在此基础上设计并构建了用于康复的手外骨骼。外骨骼由电机远程驱动,力通过电缆传输,实现手指的双向驱动。另外,设计了滑轮组张紧机构,对钢丝传动过程中的钢丝松弛进行预张紧。最后,实验结果表明,该外骨骼可使食指的三个关节(DIP、PIP、MCP)分别弯曲57度、35度、31度。在每根手指2.5N的载荷下,外骨骼仍然可以驱动手指弯曲。实验结果验证了外骨骼是一种可行的解决方案,可以满足手部康复的要求,可以使患者在日常活动中恢复和改善手指功能。
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引用次数: 2
Minimal Degree of Freedom Dual-Arm Manipulation Platform with Coupling Body Joint for Diverse Cooking Tasks 面向多种烹饪任务的最小自由度耦合体关节双臂操作平台
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/UR49135.2020.9144811
Donghun Noh, Yeting Liu, Fadi A. Rafeedi, Hyunwoo Nam, Kyle Gillespie, June-sup Yi, Taoyuanmin Zhu, Qing Xu, D. Hong
This paper introduces the kinematic configuration, kinematic analysis, workspace analysis of a dual-arm manipulation platform intended for varied cooking applications. Based on the analysis of different essential cooking tasks, each arm was designed to have 5 degrees of freedom (DOFs) independently with an additional single DOF located at the center of the linkage connecting the two arms. The additional actuator expands the reachable workspace as well as the common workspace between the two arms. Furthermore, the additional joint optimizes the arm’s joint configuration for cooking tasks by giving the arm a redundant pitch joint. This allows the ends of each arm to be able to produce linear planar trajectories which are important for many precise cooking actions. The system will also be able to multitask, being able to simultaneously perform potentially disparate tasks in different areas of its workspace. Besides these advantages, we expect that this dual-arm system will be more computationally and cost-efficient than similar systems using higher DOF arms.
介绍了一种适用于多种烹饪应用的双臂操作平台的运动学构型、运动学分析和工作空间分析。在分析不同的基本烹饪任务的基础上,每条机械臂被设计为独立的5个自由度(DOF),并在连接两条机械臂的连杆中心增加一个单自由度。附加的驱动器扩展了可到达的工作空间以及两臂之间的公共工作空间。此外,额外的关节通过给手臂一个冗余节节来优化手臂的关节配置,以完成烹饪任务。这使得每个手臂的末端能够产生线性平面轨迹,这对于许多精确的烹饪动作很重要。该系统还将能够多任务,能够在其工作空间的不同区域同时执行潜在的不同任务。除了这些优点之外,我们期望这种双臂系统将比使用高自由度手臂的类似系统更具计算能力和成本效益。
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引用次数: 3
Sparse Actor-Critic: Sparse Tsallis Entropy Regularized Reinforcement Learning in a Continuous Action Space 稀疏Actor-Critic:连续动作空间中的稀疏Tsallis熵正则化强化学习
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/UR49135.2020.9144780
Jaegoo Choy, Kyungjae Lee, Songhwai Oh
In case of deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms, to achieve high performance in complex continuous control tasks, it is necessary to exploit the goal and at the same time explore the environment. In this paper, we introduce a novel off-policy actor-critic reinforcement learning algorithm with a sparse Tsallis entropy regularizer. The sparse Tsallis entropy regularizer has the effect of maximizing the expected returns while maximizing the sparse Tsallis entropy for its policy function. Maximizing the sparse Tsallis entropy makes the actor to explore the large action and state space efficiently, thus it helps us to find the optimal action at each state. We derive the iteration update rules and modify a policy iteration rule for an off-policy method. In experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in continuous reinforcement learning problems in terms of the convergence speed. The proposed method outperforms former on-policy and off-policy RL algorithms in terms of the convergence speed and performance.
对于深度强化学习(RL)算法来说,要在复杂的连续控制任务中实现高性能,需要在探索目标的同时探索环境。本文提出了一种基于稀疏Tsallis熵正则化器的非策略行为者-批评家强化学习算法。稀疏Tsallis熵正则化器的策略函数具有期望收益最大化和稀疏Tsallis熵最大化的效果。最大化稀疏的Tsallis熵使行动者能够有效地探索大的动作和状态空间,从而帮助我们在每个状态下找到最优的动作。导出了迭代更新规则,并修改了离策略方法的策略迭代规则。在实验中,我们在收敛速度方面证明了所提出的方法在连续强化学习问题中的有效性。该方法在收敛速度和性能方面优于以往的策略和非策略强化学习算法。
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引用次数: 3
Image Projection onto Flat LiDAR Point Cloud Surfaces to Create Dense and Smooth 3D Color Maps 图像投影到平面激光雷达点云表面,创建密集和光滑的3D彩色地图
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/UR49135.2020.9144912
Sumin Hu, Seungwon Song, H. Myung
This paper proposes an area-wise method to build aesthetically pleasing RGB-D data by projecting camera images onto LiDAR point clouds corrected by Graph SLAM. In particular, the focus is on projecting images to corresponding flat surfaces, extracted as plane equations by RANSAC. The newly created data boasts a camera-like view even in 3D due to its dense, yet smooth flat point clouds. However, since this method is only limited to planar surfaces, other 3D data points that could not be separated as planes had to suffer poor quality due to sparse and rough LiDAR point clouds.
本文提出了一种基于区域的方法,通过将相机图像投影到经过Graph SLAM校正的LiDAR点云上,构建美观的RGB-D数据。特别地,重点是将图像投影到相应的平面上,并通过RANSAC提取平面方程。由于其密集而平滑的平面点云,新创建的数据即使在3D中也具有类似相机的视图。然而,由于该方法仅限于平面,其他不能作为平面分离的3D数据点由于LiDAR点云稀疏粗糙,质量很差。
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引用次数: 1
Football Simulation Modeling with Fuzzy Rule Interpolation-based Fuzzy Automaton 基于模糊规则插值的模糊自动机足球仿真建模
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/UR49135.2020.9144752
D. Vincze, Alex Tóth, M. Niitsuma
A Fuzzy Rule Interpolation-based (FRI) fuzzy automaton for controlling a football match simulation is going to be introduced in this paper. Controlling the agents (football players) of the simulation is realized by evaluating such fuzzy rule-bases, which contain only the cardinal rules able to make the system work, keeping the rule-bases as small as possible (forming so called sparse rule-bases). Classical fuzzy inference methods require complete rule-bases by design and cannot handle these kinds of sparse rule-bases. However, using sparse rule-bases to control the agents becomes possible by applying FRI. The goal of this work was to construct such a model, which employs a human-readable knowledge representation to control the agents in a football simulation. For this purpose, the application of sparse fuzzy rule-bases is well suited, as these are self-describing by their nature. An example application was also developed alongside the fuzzy automaton-based model, which is able to perform and show a lifelike football match simulation in real-time. Hence the presented model can be adapted to real robot hardware and also can be used as a reference model for fuzzy logic based machine learning methods.
本文介绍了一种基于模糊规则插值(FRI)的模糊自动机控制足球比赛仿真。对仿真智能体(足球运动员)的控制是通过评价这些模糊规则库来实现的,这些规则库只包含能够使系统工作的基本规则,使规则库尽可能小(形成所谓的稀疏规则库)。经典的模糊推理方法在设计上需要完整的规则库,无法处理这类稀疏的规则库。然而,通过应用FRI,使用稀疏规则库来控制智能体成为可能。本研究的目标是构建这样一个模型,该模型采用人类可读的知识表示来控制足球模拟中的智能体。出于这个目的,稀疏模糊规则库的应用非常适合,因为它们本质上是自描述的。基于模糊自动机的模型还开发了一个示例应用程序,该应用程序能够实时执行和显示逼真的足球比赛模拟。因此,该模型可以适用于实际的机器人硬件,也可以作为基于模糊逻辑的机器学习方法的参考模型。
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引用次数: 5
Robotic Path Planning for Inspection of Complex-Shaped Objects 复杂形状物体检测的机器人路径规划
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/UR49135.2020.9144890
Min-Woo Na, Jae-Bok Song
In 3D measurement inspection systems, precise registration between measured point clouds is required to obtain high quality results. In such cases, it is critical that there be proper overlaps between the measurements and that the overall shapes be measured without any blank areas. Thus, if the inspection system does not reflect the shape of the object, unmeasured areas may remain, causing the registration to fail or deteriorate. To solve this problem, a robotic path planning method to measure all areas of complex shaped objects is proposed. First, a segmentation-based view planning to extract a viewpoint that properly reflects the object shape is presented. In addition, occlusions that may occur in the extracted viewpoints are prevented, and path planning is performed to make the viewpoint available to a measurement system comprising a robot and rotary table. Furthermore, it is shown that a complex-shaped object can be measured without occlusions using the proposed method.
在三维测量检测系统中,测量点云之间需要精确配准才能获得高质量的测量结果。在这种情况下,在测量之间有适当的重叠是至关重要的,并且测量的整体形状没有任何空白区域。因此,如果检测系统不能反映物体的形状,未测量的区域可能会留下,导致注册失败或恶化。为了解决这一问题,提出了一种测量复杂形状物体所有区域的机器人路径规划方法。首先,提出了一种基于分割的视图规划方法,以提取一个正确反映物体形状的视点;此外,可以防止在提取的视点中可能发生的遮挡,并执行路径规划,使视点可用于由机器人和转台组成的测量系统。结果表明,该方法可以实现无遮挡的复杂形状物体的测量。
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引用次数: 1
Visual Perception Framework for an Intelligent Mobile Robot 一种智能移动机器人视觉感知框架
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/UR49135.2020.9144932
Chung-yeon Lee, Hyun-Dong Lee, Injune Hwang, Byoung-Tak Zhang
Visual perception is a fundamental capability necessary for intelligent mobile robots to interact properly and safely with the humans in the real-world. Recently, the world has seen revolutionary advances in deep learning has led to some incredible breakthroughs in vision technology. However, research integrating diverse visual perception methods into robotic systems is still in its infancy and lacks validation in real-world scenarios. In this paper, we present a visual perception framework for an intelligent mobile robot. Based on the robot operating system middleware, our framework integrates a broad set of advanced algorithms capable of recognising people, objects and human poses, as well as describing observed scenes. In several challenge scenarios of international robotics competitions using two mobile service robots, the performance and acceptability of the proposed framework are evaluated.
视觉感知是智能移动机器人在现实世界中与人类进行正确、安全地交互所必需的基本能力。最近,世界在深度学习方面取得了革命性的进步,在视觉技术方面取得了一些令人难以置信的突破。然而,将各种视觉感知方法集成到机器人系统中的研究仍处于起步阶段,缺乏在现实场景中的验证。本文提出了一种智能移动机器人的视觉感知框架。基于机器人操作系统中间件,我们的框架集成了一套广泛的高级算法,能够识别人、物体和人体姿势,以及描述观察到的场景。在使用两个移动服务机器人的国际机器人竞赛的几个挑战场景中,评估了所提出框架的性能和可接受性。
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引用次数: 5
Development and performance experiments in Lake Biwa of a small sensing device keeping fixed position on water 小型水上定位传感装置在琵琶湖的研制与性能试验
Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.1109/UR49135.2020.9144981
Yasuyuki Fujii, Kazuki Harada, H. Yamazoe, Joo-Ho Lee
Marine and lake monitoring application have been received a lot of attention to monitor and study water environmental changes. We are developing a novel sensing device that moves to an arbitrary position or keep a fixed position on water for long term environmental monitoring. The characteristics of our device are low-power, low-cost, omni-directional movement and portability. In this paper, we present a long-term surface monitoring system of the robot, a prototype of the sensing device and a control system. The proposed device goals are to move to any arbitrary direction or maintain its positions autonomously in the ocean or lake. We executed multiple experiments which not only confirmed the feasibility of the concepts but also identified some issues with the control system.
海洋和湖泊监测在监测和研究水环境变化方面的应用受到了广泛的关注。我们正在开发一种新颖的传感装置,可以移动到任意位置或在水中保持固定位置,用于长期环境监测。我们的设备具有低功耗、低成本、全方位移动和便携性等特点。在本文中,我们提出了一个机器人的长期表面监测系统,传感装置的原型和控制系统。该装置的目标是向任意方向移动,或在海洋或湖泊中自主保持其位置。我们进行了多次实验,不仅证实了概念的可行性,而且还确定了控制系统的一些问题。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
2020 17th International Conference on Ubiquitous Robots (UR)
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