Pub Date : 2022-11-21DOI: 10.1007/s41775-022-00141-0
Nilanjan Roy
{"title":"Youth dependency ratio and total factor productivity: a study on Indian States","authors":"Nilanjan Roy","doi":"10.1007/s41775-022-00141-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41775-022-00141-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36028,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41697390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1007/s41775-022-00137-w
B. Banerjee, Juraj Zeman
{"title":"Determinants of global value chain participation: cross-country analysis","authors":"B. Banerjee, Juraj Zeman","doi":"10.1007/s41775-022-00137-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41775-022-00137-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36028,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44247160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1007/s41775-022-00132-1
Muhammed Refeque, P. Azad
{"title":"How do linguistic and technical skills affect earnings in India?","authors":"Muhammed Refeque, P. Azad","doi":"10.1007/s41775-022-00132-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41775-022-00132-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36028,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46069740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.1007/s41775-022-00130-3
Pallavi Rajkhowa, Lukas Kornher
{"title":"COVID-19 and distortions in urban food market in India","authors":"Pallavi Rajkhowa, Lukas Kornher","doi":"10.1007/s41775-022-00130-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41775-022-00130-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36028,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45310728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01Epub Date: 2022-06-27DOI: 10.1007/s41775-022-00136-x
Swati Dhingra, Fjolla Kondirolli
Evidence shows long-term unemployment (LTU) can have life-long scarring impacts on the future employment and earning prospects of individuals and lead to an overall deterioration in the wellbeing of communities. This article examines long-term unemployment in India, providing some of the first estimates from a panel of individuals before and during the pandemic. It shows that LTU makes up a substantial proportion of unemployment among the working-age population, particularly among young workers who have fared even worse since the pandemic. Existing benefits have proven inadequate in addressing long-term unemployment and young workers have a strong desire for active labour market policies from the government to address the worklessness crisis. A national-level commitment to active labour market policies could prevent a lost generation of young workers from falling into long-term unemployment and the ills that accompany it.
{"title":"Unemployment and labour market recovery policies.","authors":"Swati Dhingra, Fjolla Kondirolli","doi":"10.1007/s41775-022-00136-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41775-022-00136-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence shows long-term unemployment (LTU) can have life-long scarring impacts on the future employment and earning prospects of individuals and lead to an overall deterioration in the wellbeing of communities. This article examines long-term unemployment in India, providing some of the first estimates from a panel of individuals before and during the pandemic. It shows that LTU makes up a substantial proportion of unemployment among the working-age population, particularly among young workers who have fared even worse since the pandemic. Existing benefits have proven inadequate in addressing long-term unemployment and young workers have a strong desire for active labour market policies from the government to address the worklessness crisis. A national-level commitment to active labour market policies could prevent a lost generation of young workers from falling into long-term unemployment and the ills that accompany it.</p>","PeriodicalId":36028,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9244451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40584781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01Epub Date: 2022-06-20DOI: 10.1007/s41775-022-00131-2
Devesh Roy, Sunil Saroj, Mamata Pradhan
Given its size and level of income, India faces unique challenges in the labor market. In the urban labor force of nearly 100 million, half of the workers engage in regular wage/salaried employment including in short-term contracts, yet a large number are either self-employed or work as casual labor. This vast pool of employees in the urban sector exists without job contract (92%), social security (90%) or paid leave (89%) barely earning subsistence wages, many close to the poverty threshold. This paper looks at the types of employment (TOE) for urban workforce and its effects on worker outcomes (earnings, hours worked, job loss). The assessment of the effects of TOE remains mostly instinctive without rigorous empirical research. Using latest three rounds of nationally representative Periodic Labor Force Surveys (PLFS), we assess the outcomes for urban workers based on TOE. We estimate the probability of being poor based on TOE and occupation where urban casual labor is associated with 7 percentage points higher likelihood of being poor and nearly 17% lower earnings. We uniquely assess the extent of job turnovers for urban workers and falling into unemployment at high frequency based on TOE. Analysis of urban panel after accounting for unobserved worker level factors captures the extent of fall in income due to job switching and loss of employment. Results indicate significant potential for poverty if worker is not socially protected, engaged in distress entrepreneurship or as casual labor.
鉴于其幅员辽阔和收入水平，印度在劳动力市场面临着独特的挑战。在将近 1 亿的城市劳动力中，有一半的工人从事包括短期合同在内的固定工资/有薪工作，但还有大量的工人要么是自营职业者，要么是临时工。城市部门的这一大批雇员没有工作合同（92%）、社会保障（90%）或带薪休假（89%），勉强赚取维持生计的工资，许多人接近贫困线。本文探讨了城市劳动力的就业类型（TOE）及其对工人成果（收入、工时、失业）的影响。对 "就业类型 "影响的评估大多停留在本能层面，缺乏严谨的实证研究。我们利用最近三轮具有全国代表性的定期劳动力调查（PLFS），根据 "就业率 "评估了城市工人的结果。我们根据 TOE 和职业估算了贫困概率，其中城市临时工的贫困概率高出 7 个百分点，收入低近 17%。我们根据 TOE 独家评估了城市工人的工作更替和高频率失业的程度。在考虑了未观察到的工人层面因素后，对城市面板进行分析，可以捕捉到因工作转换和失业而导致的收入下降程度。结果表明，如果工人得不到社会保护、从事困难企业或临时工，就很有可能陷入贫困。
{"title":"Nature of employment and outcomes for urban labor: evidence from the latest labor force surveys in India.","authors":"Devesh Roy, Sunil Saroj, Mamata Pradhan","doi":"10.1007/s41775-022-00131-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41775-022-00131-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given its size and level of income, India faces unique challenges in the labor market. In the urban labor force of nearly 100 million, half of the workers engage in regular wage/salaried employment including in short-term contracts, yet a large number are either self-employed or work as casual labor. This vast pool of employees in the urban sector exists without job contract (92%), social security (90%) or paid leave (89%) barely earning subsistence wages, many close to the poverty threshold. This paper looks at the types of employment (TOE) for urban workforce and its effects on worker outcomes (earnings, hours worked, job loss). The assessment of the effects of TOE remains mostly instinctive without rigorous empirical research. Using latest three rounds of nationally representative Periodic Labor Force Surveys (PLFS), we assess the outcomes for urban workers based on TOE. We estimate the probability of being poor based on TOE and occupation where urban casual labor is associated with 7 percentage points higher likelihood of being poor and nearly 17% lower earnings. We uniquely assess the extent of job turnovers for urban workers and falling into unemployment at high frequency based on TOE. Analysis of urban panel after accounting for unobserved worker level factors captures the extent of fall in income due to job switching and loss of employment. Results indicate significant potential for poverty if worker is not socially protected, engaged in distress entrepreneurship or as casual labor.</p>","PeriodicalId":36028,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9207434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40400159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01Epub Date: 2022-06-27DOI: 10.1007/s41775-022-00134-z
Pulapre Balakrishnan, M Parameswaran
India has seen lower inflation by historical standards for the past 6 years. This has been attributed to the adoption of inflation targeting by the central bank, the Reserve Bank of India in 2016. In particular, it has been asserted that the lower inflation reflects the anchoring of expectations. We evaluate these claims. An econometric investigation indicates that there is no basis to the claim that inflation has been lowered due to the anchoring of expectations. On the other hand, we are able to account for the trajectory of inflation in India after 2016 in terms of an alternative explanation of inflation, namely the structuralist.
{"title":"What lowered inflation in India: monetary policy or commodity prices?","authors":"Pulapre Balakrishnan, M Parameswaran","doi":"10.1007/s41775-022-00134-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41775-022-00134-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>India has seen lower inflation by historical standards for the past 6 years. This has been attributed to the adoption of inflation targeting by the central bank, the Reserve Bank of India in 2016. In particular, it has been asserted that the lower inflation reflects the anchoring of expectations. We evaluate these claims. An econometric investigation indicates that there is no basis to the claim that inflation has been lowered due to the anchoring of expectations. On the other hand, we are able to account for the trajectory of inflation in India after 2016 in terms of an alternative explanation of inflation, namely the structuralist.</p>","PeriodicalId":36028,"journal":{"name":"Indian Economic Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9244015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40584782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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