Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-5-74-80
M. Hoang, A. Yu. Antipova, I. N. Lavrentieva, V. V. Zarubaev
The paper presents data on measles cases identified in 18 provinces of South Vietnam (SV) in 2020, during the active phase of the pandemic of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV2. The measles virus actively circulated in SV in the first months of 2020: the average measles incidence rate was 1.27 per 100,000 population. Children under 5 years of age dominated in the age structure (71%). The vast majority of cases are people who have not been vaccinated against measles, as well as people who do not have information about vaccinations; in total, their share was 97.4%, but there were vaccinated and revaccinated individuals among the sick. Significantly more often, IgM-measles antibodies were recorded in samples obtained from the city of Can Tho, (n=57) where the infectious diseases hospital is located, receiving patients from neighboring regions of the SV. The largest number of measles cases were also recorded in the provinces of Dong Thap (n=57), Hao Glang (n=62) and Ho Chi Minh City (n=15). That is, residents of large cities, industrial and the medical centers were primarily involved in the measles epidemic process. A sharp decrease in the incidence of measles has been shown since April 2020, when measures to limit the spread of COVID-19 were introduced in SV. It should be noted that violations of vaccination associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, after the lifting of sanitary and epidemiological restrictions, may lead to increased morbidity and the development of measles outbreaks in Vietnam and other countries involved in the pandemic. Therefore, preventing future outbreaks will require strengthening measles surveillance and control measures to achieve its elimination.
{"title":"The Incidence of Measles Infection in Southern Vietnam during COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"M. Hoang, A. Yu. Antipova, I. N. Lavrentieva, V. V. Zarubaev","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-5-74-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-5-74-80","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents data on measles cases identified in 18 provinces of South Vietnam (SV) in 2020, during the active phase of the pandemic of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV2. The measles virus actively circulated in SV in the first months of 2020: the average measles incidence rate was 1.27 per 100,000 population. Children under 5 years of age dominated in the age structure (71%). The vast majority of cases are people who have not been vaccinated against measles, as well as people who do not have information about vaccinations; in total, their share was 97.4%, but there were vaccinated and revaccinated individuals among the sick. Significantly more often, IgM-measles antibodies were recorded in samples obtained from the city of Can Tho, (n=57) where the infectious diseases hospital is located, receiving patients from neighboring regions of the SV. The largest number of measles cases were also recorded in the provinces of Dong Thap (n=57), Hao Glang (n=62) and Ho Chi Minh City (n=15). That is, residents of large cities, industrial and the medical centers were primarily involved in the measles epidemic process. A sharp decrease in the incidence of measles has been shown since April 2020, when measures to limit the spread of COVID-19 were introduced in SV. It should be noted that violations of vaccination associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, after the lifting of sanitary and epidemiological restrictions, may lead to increased morbidity and the development of measles outbreaks in Vietnam and other countries involved in the pandemic. Therefore, preventing future outbreaks will require strengthening measles surveillance and control measures to achieve its elimination.","PeriodicalId":36064,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-5-63-73
A. A. Basov, N. M. Maksimova, S. O. Vysochanskaya, O. V. Tsvirkun, K. A. Yatskovsky, S. E. Aduguzelov
Relevance . Diphtheria is one of the dangerous diseases that threaten human life. Immunization is the only means of creating a favorable epidemiological situation. Ensuring the immunity of the population to this infection prevents the occurrence of the rise and spread of diphtheria among the population. One of the ways to assess the state of specific immunity to diphtheria is annual serological monitoring. Aims . Assessment of the state of antidiphtheria immunity in different age groups of the population of the Russian Federation based on seromonitoring data for 2015–2021. Materials and methods . The data of serological monitoring of diphtheria and the state of vaccination of the population by indicator groups from 85 subjects of the Russian Federation in 2015–2021 were analyzed. In just 7 years, in terms of seromonitoring in Russia, 439,874 people were examined for the presence of antibodies to diphtheria, including 73,559 children in the age group of 3–4 years, 74,424 adolescents aged 15–17 years, and 291,891 adults aged 18 and older. During the same period, 12,154 controlled blood sera from 20 subjects of the Russian Federation were examined. In the age group of 3–4 years – 1834 children, 15–17 years – 1366 teenagers, 18–29 years – 1711 adults, 30–39 years – 1724 adults, 40–49 years – 1918 adults, 50–59 years – 1798 adults, 60 years and older – 1803 adults. The presence of antibodies to diphtheria was determined in the course of passive hemagglutination. The protective titers of antibodies were taken to be dilution of sera with a titer of 1:20 or more, the intensity of anti-diphtheria immunity was assessed as follows: antibody titers in dilution of sera 1:20–1:40 – low titers, 1:80–1:160 – medium and 1:320 or more – high titers of antibodies of JSC «Biomed» im. I. I. Mechnikov. Results and discussion . In Russia, improving the surveillance system for diphtheria continues to be an urgent task of the private epidemiology of this infection. The data obtained during the study allowed us to characterize the population immunity of the population of the Russian Federation, as a whole across the country, as sufficient to prevent the occurrence and spread of diphtheria. The main factor contributing to this was the long-term high coverage of vaccinations against diphtheria of persons in the decreed age groups (more than 95% of those vaccinated from the number of persons to be vaccinated in each age group). When comparing the level of immunization of the population depending on age, it was found that the percentage of vaccinated persons in the age group of people 50 years and older was statistically significantly lower than in the group of people younger than 50 years. The data of serological studies in Russia as a whole showed a high proportion of people with protective titers of antibodies to diphtheria in each age group – 3–4 years – 96.7 ± 0.1%, 15–17 years – 98.3 ± 0.1%, 18–29 years – 96,0 ± 0,4% – 97,5 ± 0,3%, 30–39 – 95,9 ± 0,4% – 97,5 ± 0.3%, 40–
{"title":"Assessment of the State of Antidiphtheria Immunity in Different Age Groups of the Population of the Russian Federation Based on Seromonitoring Data for 2015–2021","authors":"A. A. Basov, N. M. Maksimova, S. O. Vysochanskaya, O. V. Tsvirkun, K. A. Yatskovsky, S. E. Aduguzelov","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-5-63-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-5-63-73","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance . Diphtheria is one of the dangerous diseases that threaten human life. Immunization is the only means of creating a favorable epidemiological situation. Ensuring the immunity of the population to this infection prevents the occurrence of the rise and spread of diphtheria among the population. One of the ways to assess the state of specific immunity to diphtheria is annual serological monitoring. Aims . Assessment of the state of antidiphtheria immunity in different age groups of the population of the Russian Federation based on seromonitoring data for 2015–2021. Materials and methods . The data of serological monitoring of diphtheria and the state of vaccination of the population by indicator groups from 85 subjects of the Russian Federation in 2015–2021 were analyzed. In just 7 years, in terms of seromonitoring in Russia, 439,874 people were examined for the presence of antibodies to diphtheria, including 73,559 children in the age group of 3–4 years, 74,424 adolescents aged 15–17 years, and 291,891 adults aged 18 and older. During the same period, 12,154 controlled blood sera from 20 subjects of the Russian Federation were examined. In the age group of 3–4 years – 1834 children, 15–17 years – 1366 teenagers, 18–29 years – 1711 adults, 30–39 years – 1724 adults, 40–49 years – 1918 adults, 50–59 years – 1798 adults, 60 years and older – 1803 adults. The presence of antibodies to diphtheria was determined in the course of passive hemagglutination. The protective titers of antibodies were taken to be dilution of sera with a titer of 1:20 or more, the intensity of anti-diphtheria immunity was assessed as follows: antibody titers in dilution of sera 1:20–1:40 – low titers, 1:80–1:160 – medium and 1:320 or more – high titers of antibodies of JSC «Biomed» im. I. I. Mechnikov. Results and discussion . In Russia, improving the surveillance system for diphtheria continues to be an urgent task of the private epidemiology of this infection. The data obtained during the study allowed us to characterize the population immunity of the population of the Russian Federation, as a whole across the country, as sufficient to prevent the occurrence and spread of diphtheria. The main factor contributing to this was the long-term high coverage of vaccinations against diphtheria of persons in the decreed age groups (more than 95% of those vaccinated from the number of persons to be vaccinated in each age group). When comparing the level of immunization of the population depending on age, it was found that the percentage of vaccinated persons in the age group of people 50 years and older was statistically significantly lower than in the group of people younger than 50 years. The data of serological studies in Russia as a whole showed a high proportion of people with protective titers of antibodies to diphtheria in each age group – 3–4 years – 96.7 ± 0.1%, 15–17 years – 98.3 ± 0.1%, 18–29 years – 96,0 ± 0,4% – 97,5 ± 0,3%, 30–39 – 95,9 ± 0,4% – 97,5 ± 0.3%, 40–","PeriodicalId":36064,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-5-12-19
D. D. Briukhova, V. I. Dubrovina, N. O. Kiseleva, K. M. Korytov, A. B. Pyatidesyatnikova, V. A. Vishnyakov, S. V. Balakhonov
Relevance . COVID-19 is accompanied by high production of cytokines - immune molecules, imbalanced regulation of which leads to disruption of the immune response. Therefore, the study of cytokine status in both vaccinated and re-vaccinated patients is necessary to develop an immunoprophylaxis strategy for COVID-19. Aim. To evaluate the cytokine status in COVID-19 survivors and vaccinated employees of a health care facility against this disease. Materials and Methods. Production levels of cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α) were determined by quantitative enzyme immunoassay in serum of 144 volunteers. Results and discussion . A significant 1.5-fold increase in IL-10 and 2.0-fold increase in TNF-α was found in the group of re-invaccinated overinfected volunteers, and a 2.0-fold decrease in IL-4 compared with the vaccinated group. An inverse correlation between IL-4 and IFN-γ levels and timing after the disease was detected. A significant decrease in IL-4 in survivors (Omicron variant) and an increase in IL-10 in the survivors at the beginning of the pandemic as compared to other re-vaccinees was established. In the vaccinated group, regardless of the vaccine used, IL-10 and TNF-α decreased significantly after revaccination. No statistically significant differences were found between the cytokine status parameters in the survivors before and after vaccination. The predominance of the cellular component of immunity was established in all the examined groups, and the highest proportion of persons with a humoral immune response was detected among the vaccinated volunteers, while the highest proportion of persons with a mixed immune response was detected among the overexperienced non-vaccinated patients. Conclusions . The results obtained supplement the available data on coronavirus infection and indicate the need for further research.
{"title":"Monitoring Cytokine Levels in COVID-19 Overexposed and Vaccinated Volunteers","authors":"D. D. Briukhova, V. I. Dubrovina, N. O. Kiseleva, K. M. Korytov, A. B. Pyatidesyatnikova, V. A. Vishnyakov, S. V. Balakhonov","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-5-12-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-5-12-19","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance . COVID-19 is accompanied by high production of cytokines - immune molecules, imbalanced regulation of which leads to disruption of the immune response. Therefore, the study of cytokine status in both vaccinated and re-vaccinated patients is necessary to develop an immunoprophylaxis strategy for COVID-19. Aim. To evaluate the cytokine status in COVID-19 survivors and vaccinated employees of a health care facility against this disease. Materials and Methods. Production levels of cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α) were determined by quantitative enzyme immunoassay in serum of 144 volunteers. Results and discussion . A significant 1.5-fold increase in IL-10 and 2.0-fold increase in TNF-α was found in the group of re-invaccinated overinfected volunteers, and a 2.0-fold decrease in IL-4 compared with the vaccinated group. An inverse correlation between IL-4 and IFN-γ levels and timing after the disease was detected. A significant decrease in IL-4 in survivors (Omicron variant) and an increase in IL-10 in the survivors at the beginning of the pandemic as compared to other re-vaccinees was established. In the vaccinated group, regardless of the vaccine used, IL-10 and TNF-α decreased significantly after revaccination. No statistically significant differences were found between the cytokine status parameters in the survivors before and after vaccination. The predominance of the cellular component of immunity was established in all the examined groups, and the highest proportion of persons with a humoral immune response was detected among the vaccinated volunteers, while the highest proportion of persons with a mixed immune response was detected among the overexperienced non-vaccinated patients. Conclusions . The results obtained supplement the available data on coronavirus infection and indicate the need for further research.","PeriodicalId":36064,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-5-89-95
M. P. Kostinov, K. V. Mashilov, T. A. Kostinova
The review discusses and confirms the important role of vaccination of patients with comorbid conditions against pneumococcus, influenza and meningococcus in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. There are two main mechanisms of influence of preventive immunization on the course of the fight against the pandemic; by reducing the incidence of preventable infections and reducing the burden on healthcare, and by directly influencing the vaccines used on the infection processes with the SARS-Cov-2 virus and the pathogenetic mechanisms of COVID-19. Information is also provided on the vaccines used and their use, in particular in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"Vaccination of Patients with Comorbid Conditions against Meningococcal and Pneumococcal Disease and Influenza during the COVID-19 Pandemic – New Aspects","authors":"M. P. Kostinov, K. V. Mashilov, T. A. Kostinova","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-5-89-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-5-89-95","url":null,"abstract":"The review discusses and confirms the important role of vaccination of patients with comorbid conditions against pneumococcus, influenza and meningococcus in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. There are two main mechanisms of influence of preventive immunization on the course of the fight against the pandemic; by reducing the incidence of preventable infections and reducing the burden on healthcare, and by directly influencing the vaccines used on the infection processes with the SARS-Cov-2 virus and the pathogenetic mechanisms of COVID-19. Information is also provided on the vaccines used and their use, in particular in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":36064,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-4-75-85
O. B. Kuleshova, E. A. Domonova, T. N. Romanuk, A. N. Gerasimov, E. M. Voronin, V. G. Akimkin
Relevance. The global strategy for cervical cancer elimination includes the active implementation of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention programs. In the Russian Federation, screening for the detection of malignant neoplasms of the cervix is carried out while women contact specialists, as well as an organized procedure during preventive medical examinations of the certain groups of adults. The study of the population structure of circulating human papillоmavirus (HPV) types, and evaluation of the effectiveness of the recommended diagnostic models will improve the direction of the fight against cervical cancer and introduce optimal preventive solutions. Aim. Retrospective analysis of screening effectiveness for the detection of malignant neoplasms of the cervix, carried out during the medical examination in one institution of Moscow. Materials and methods. The study examined 1068 women aged 20 to 81 years (M = 37.82, Me = 35, IQR 27–47 years) from one institution in Moscow over a 5-year follow-up period (2017–2021). The screening was based on the co-testing model: liquid-based cytology with Papanicolaou staining and classification according to the Bethesda system and quantitative Real Time HPV-test with determination of the 14 HPV DNA types (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68). Results. The prevalence of the 14 HPV oncogenic types was 14.87% (95% CI: 12.86–17.13%), the most common were 16 (16.98%), 31 (14.47%), 52 (13.21%). The study determined HPV types with the highest relative risk of persistence: 33, 58, 45, and 52 (p < 0.005). The frequency of HPV detection depended on the age of the examined women and was the highest in the age group of 20–29 years (25.58%). The baseline prevalence was 11.82% (95% CI: 9.98–13.94%). 6 HSIL cases associated with HPV types 16 and 31 were identified. 4/6 were in women under 30 years. The probability of intraepithelial lesions of the cervix increased with an increase of HPV DNA concentration: 23.65% and 66.67% with a viral load of 4.0–6.0 lg copies per 105 human cells and > 6.0 lg copies per 105 human cells, respectively. Conclusions. The study confirmed the great value of HPV- test in screening for the detection of malignant neoplasms of the cervix during the medical examination of the certain groups of adult population, taking into account the advantages of typing and quantitative determination of HPV DNA, as well as the need to consider lowering of the recommended age for the start of HPV-testing.
{"title":"Practical Aspects of the Implementation of Screening for the Detection of Malignant Neoplasms of the Cervix during the Medical Examination","authors":"O. B. Kuleshova, E. A. Domonova, T. N. Romanuk, A. N. Gerasimov, E. M. Voronin, V. G. Akimkin","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-4-75-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-4-75-85","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The global strategy for cervical cancer elimination includes the active implementation of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention programs. In the Russian Federation, screening for the detection of malignant neoplasms of the cervix is carried out while women contact specialists, as well as an organized procedure during preventive medical examinations of the certain groups of adults. The study of the population structure of circulating human papillоmavirus (HPV) types, and evaluation of the effectiveness of the recommended diagnostic models will improve the direction of the fight against cervical cancer and introduce optimal preventive solutions. Aim. Retrospective analysis of screening effectiveness for the detection of malignant neoplasms of the cervix, carried out during the medical examination in one institution of Moscow. Materials and methods. The study examined 1068 women aged 20 to 81 years (M = 37.82, Me = 35, IQR 27–47 years) from one institution in Moscow over a 5-year follow-up period (2017–2021). The screening was based on the co-testing model: liquid-based cytology with Papanicolaou staining and classification according to the Bethesda system and quantitative Real Time HPV-test with determination of the 14 HPV DNA types (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68). Results. The prevalence of the 14 HPV oncogenic types was 14.87% (95% CI: 12.86–17.13%), the most common were 16 (16.98%), 31 (14.47%), 52 (13.21%). The study determined HPV types with the highest relative risk of persistence: 33, 58, 45, and 52 (p < 0.005). The frequency of HPV detection depended on the age of the examined women and was the highest in the age group of 20–29 years (25.58%). The baseline prevalence was 11.82% (95% CI: 9.98–13.94%). 6 HSIL cases associated with HPV types 16 and 31 were identified. 4/6 were in women under 30 years. The probability of intraepithelial lesions of the cervix increased with an increase of HPV DNA concentration: 23.65% and 66.67% with a viral load of 4.0–6.0 lg copies per 105 human cells and > 6.0 lg copies per 105 human cells, respectively. Conclusions. The study confirmed the great value of HPV- test in screening for the detection of malignant neoplasms of the cervix during the medical examination of the certain groups of adult population, taking into account the advantages of typing and quantitative determination of HPV DNA, as well as the need to consider lowering of the recommended age for the start of HPV-testing.","PeriodicalId":36064,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136237107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-4-140-148
M. A. Davydova, G. D. Bryukhanova, V. N. Gorodin
Relevance. Health care-associated infections (HAIs) are one of the global problems of modern healthcare with a negative trend in the growth of this pathology throughout the world, which is due to a complex of reasons, among which the resistance of pathogens of hospital infections to antimicrobials is important, as well as gaps in organization of epidemiological surveillance due to a number of objective and subjective factors (complication of technologies and expansion of the practice of invasive medical interventions, turnover and shortage of personnel in medical institutions, etc.). The purpose of the work is to study the experience of organizing measures for the prevention of HCAI from the standpoint of a systematic approach in Russia and in foreign countries that have the best practices in this area. The purpose of the work is to study the experience of organizing measures for the prevention of HCAI from the standpoint of a systematic approach in Russia and in foreign countries that have the best practices in this area. The results are based on the study of the basic principles of the system approach, its tools, functional organization and universalization, the use of a comprehensive analysis in relation to different areas of medical activity and types of medical care, the sequence of development and implementation of new methods in Russian and foreign experience in the implementation of epidemiological surveillance for HCAI. Problems in the field of organization and practical implementation of preventive measures to prevent the occurrence of HCAI have been identified, and urgent tasks for improving the epidemiological safety of medical activity have been identified. Conclusion. Differences were noted in approaches to the prevention of HAIs in Russia and abroad, concerning the resource provision of molecular biological monitoring of HAI pathogens, as well as the features of teamwork, targeted communication in medical teams and in explanatory work, as well as the implementation of training programs for relatives to care for patients with HAI. Measures are proposed to increase the commitment of medical personnel and collectives in general, other employees of medical organizations to epidemiologically safe skills in their professional activities, to develop patient education programs for personal prevention of HCAI.
{"title":"Features of a Systematic Approach to the Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections in the Russian Federation and abroad","authors":"M. A. Davydova, G. D. Bryukhanova, V. N. Gorodin","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-4-140-148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-4-140-148","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Health care-associated infections (HAIs) are one of the global problems of modern healthcare with a negative trend in the growth of this pathology throughout the world, which is due to a complex of reasons, among which the resistance of pathogens of hospital infections to antimicrobials is important, as well as gaps in organization of epidemiological surveillance due to a number of objective and subjective factors (complication of technologies and expansion of the practice of invasive medical interventions, turnover and shortage of personnel in medical institutions, etc.). The purpose of the work is to study the experience of organizing measures for the prevention of HCAI from the standpoint of a systematic approach in Russia and in foreign countries that have the best practices in this area. The purpose of the work is to study the experience of organizing measures for the prevention of HCAI from the standpoint of a systematic approach in Russia and in foreign countries that have the best practices in this area. The results are based on the study of the basic principles of the system approach, its tools, functional organization and universalization, the use of a comprehensive analysis in relation to different areas of medical activity and types of medical care, the sequence of development and implementation of new methods in Russian and foreign experience in the implementation of epidemiological surveillance for HCAI. Problems in the field of organization and practical implementation of preventive measures to prevent the occurrence of HCAI have been identified, and urgent tasks for improving the epidemiological safety of medical activity have been identified. Conclusion. Differences were noted in approaches to the prevention of HAIs in Russia and abroad, concerning the resource provision of molecular biological monitoring of HAI pathogens, as well as the features of teamwork, targeted communication in medical teams and in explanatory work, as well as the implementation of training programs for relatives to care for patients with HAI. Measures are proposed to increase the commitment of medical personnel and collectives in general, other employees of medical organizations to epidemiologically safe skills in their professional activities, to develop patient education programs for personal prevention of HCAI.","PeriodicalId":36064,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136237441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-4-106-139
N. I. Briko, V. A. Korshunov, Ja. V. Lobzin, L. S. Namazova-Baranova, L. V. Rudakova, E. G. Simonova
Pneumococcal infection remains a significant global health problem, and vaccination is the main measure for its prevention. To date, the period of use of pneumococcal conjugated polysaccharide vaccines in Russia exceeds 14 years, and 13-valent conjugated polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) - more than 10 years. During this time, extensive experience has been accumulated in the use of this type of vaccines, and many studies have been carried out to evaluate their effectiveness and safety. The purpose of this review is to summarize the experience of using PCV13 in Russian Federation with an assessment of its epidemiological and clinical effectiveness. A search was made for scientific publications devoted to the study of the epidemiological efficacy, the safety as well as cost-effectiveness of PCV13 use in Russian Federation. The review included original studies published in Russian journals. The results of the studies carried out indicate the efficacy and safety of PCV13 for both adults and children. The effectiveness of immunization of children at risk (premature, suffering from congenital pathology, having chronic diseases and often ill) was demonstrated, the need and safety of the timely start of vaccination (from 2 months of age) of newborns was shown, the possibility of its combination with immunization against other infections within the framework of the national vaccination schedule, the importance of following the recommended vaccination schedule in accordance with the age of the child. The effectiveness of vaccination of adults suffering from chronic diseases has been shown both in terms of preventing the aggravation of the course of the underlying pathology and reducing the risk of pneumonia. Positive experience has been gained in immunizing adults from occupational risk groups - medical workers, conscripts and persons exposed to a harmful production factor and having occupational lung diseases. The conducted studies have shown a high cost-effectiveness of PCV13 vaccination, however, with any changes in price and epidemiological parameters, it is necessary to clarify the economic feasibility of vaccination under the changed conditions. Taking into account the positive experience gained in immunization, it seems appropriate to further maintain a high level of vaccination coverage of the child population, expanding risk groups among the adult population subject to vaccination against pneumococcal infection within the framework of the National Immunization Schedule, taking into account its epidemiological, clinical and economic efficiency.
{"title":"A Decade of Experience in the use of 13-Valent Conjugated Polysaccharide Pneumococcal Vaccine in Russian Federation","authors":"N. I. Briko, V. A. Korshunov, Ja. V. Lobzin, L. S. Namazova-Baranova, L. V. Rudakova, E. G. Simonova","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-4-106-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-4-106-139","url":null,"abstract":"Pneumococcal infection remains a significant global health problem, and vaccination is the main measure for its prevention. To date, the period of use of pneumococcal conjugated polysaccharide vaccines in Russia exceeds 14 years, and 13-valent conjugated polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine (PCV13) - more than 10 years. During this time, extensive experience has been accumulated in the use of this type of vaccines, and many studies have been carried out to evaluate their effectiveness and safety. The purpose of this review is to summarize the experience of using PCV13 in Russian Federation with an assessment of its epidemiological and clinical effectiveness. A search was made for scientific publications devoted to the study of the epidemiological efficacy, the safety as well as cost-effectiveness of PCV13 use in Russian Federation. The review included original studies published in Russian journals. The results of the studies carried out indicate the efficacy and safety of PCV13 for both adults and children. The effectiveness of immunization of children at risk (premature, suffering from congenital pathology, having chronic diseases and often ill) was demonstrated, the need and safety of the timely start of vaccination (from 2 months of age) of newborns was shown, the possibility of its combination with immunization against other infections within the framework of the national vaccination schedule, the importance of following the recommended vaccination schedule in accordance with the age of the child. The effectiveness of vaccination of adults suffering from chronic diseases has been shown both in terms of preventing the aggravation of the course of the underlying pathology and reducing the risk of pneumonia. Positive experience has been gained in immunizing adults from occupational risk groups - medical workers, conscripts and persons exposed to a harmful production factor and having occupational lung diseases. The conducted studies have shown a high cost-effectiveness of PCV13 vaccination, however, with any changes in price and epidemiological parameters, it is necessary to clarify the economic feasibility of vaccination under the changed conditions. Taking into account the positive experience gained in immunization, it seems appropriate to further maintain a high level of vaccination coverage of the child population, expanding risk groups among the adult population subject to vaccination against pneumococcal infection within the framework of the National Immunization Schedule, taking into account its epidemiological, clinical and economic efficiency.","PeriodicalId":36064,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136237569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-4-49-55
A. V. Ustyuzhanin, G. N. Chistyakova, I. I. Remizova, A. A. Makhanyok
Relevance. Currently, studies of the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and its genetic characteristics are focused primarily on the adult population, although infection with multiple drug infection has been registered as etiological agents of a general infection in obstetric and gynecological and pediatric institutions. The study of the prevalence of genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance is an important area of scientific research. Aim. To analyze the results of the studies carried out to identify the genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance of enterobacteria isolated during microbiological monitoring in the perinatal center. Materials and methods. The genetic profile of antibiotic resistance was studied in ESBL-producing strains isolated from 45 women and 35 children examined at the departments of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «NII OMM» of the Ministry of Health of Russia. To determine the determinants of antibiotic resistance, 80 non-duplicate strains of 7 species of the Enterobacteriaceae family were studied. DNA of bacterial cells was isolated from a daily culture of microorganisms using the PROBA-NK kit, detection of the tem, ctx-M-1, shv genes; oxa-40-like, oxa-48-like, oxa-23-like, oxa-51-like, imp, kpc, ges, ndm, vim were carried out using the diagnostic kit «BacResista GLA» on the detecting amplifier DT-48 (DNA -technology, Russia). To assess the statistical significance of differences in the frequency of occurrence of genes, Pearson's c2 test with Yates' correction was used. Results and discussion. When analyzing the results of studies on the molecular genetic detection of antibiotic resistance determinants, which we conducted in 2022, it was found that 8 genovariants were found in bacterial strains isolated from patients of the departments of the Research Institute of OMM in Yekaterinburg, providing resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. The dominant genome, as in 2021, remains blaCTX-M-1, found in 29 cases. The blaTEM gene was identified both in association with other genes and as a single variant in Escherichiae coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Of the eight strains of K. pneumoniae, 4 were found to have three antibiotic resistance genes blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, strains with a genetic profile of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaNDM were isolated once; and blaTEM, blaSHV, blaKPC. In one strain of K. pneumoniae, phenotypically showing resistance to AB, no genetic determinants of AB resistance were found. In addition to resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, the strains demonstrate resistance to such groups of antibacterial drugs as fluoroquinolones, phosphonic acid derivatives (fosfomycin), and aminoglycosides. The data obtained indicate that the intestines of newborns during their stay at the stationary stage of nursing in some cases are colonized by strains of enterobacteria with multidrug resistance. Consequently, children are a reservoir of resistant microorganisms and can be sources of pathogens of infe
{"title":"Genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance in enterobacteria isolated during microbiological monitoring in the perinatal center","authors":"A. V. Ustyuzhanin, G. N. Chistyakova, I. I. Remizova, A. A. Makhanyok","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-4-49-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-4-49-55","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Currently, studies of the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and its genetic characteristics are focused primarily on the adult population, although infection with multiple drug infection has been registered as etiological agents of a general infection in obstetric and gynecological and pediatric institutions. The study of the prevalence of genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance is an important area of scientific research. Aim. To analyze the results of the studies carried out to identify the genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance of enterobacteria isolated during microbiological monitoring in the perinatal center. Materials and methods. The genetic profile of antibiotic resistance was studied in ESBL-producing strains isolated from 45 women and 35 children examined at the departments of the Federal State Budgetary Institution «NII OMM» of the Ministry of Health of Russia. To determine the determinants of antibiotic resistance, 80 non-duplicate strains of 7 species of the Enterobacteriaceae family were studied. DNA of bacterial cells was isolated from a daily culture of microorganisms using the PROBA-NK kit, detection of the tem, ctx-M-1, shv genes; oxa-40-like, oxa-48-like, oxa-23-like, oxa-51-like, imp, kpc, ges, ndm, vim were carried out using the diagnostic kit «BacResista GLA» on the detecting amplifier DT-48 (DNA -technology, Russia). To assess the statistical significance of differences in the frequency of occurrence of genes, Pearson's c2 test with Yates' correction was used. Results and discussion. When analyzing the results of studies on the molecular genetic detection of antibiotic resistance determinants, which we conducted in 2022, it was found that 8 genovariants were found in bacterial strains isolated from patients of the departments of the Research Institute of OMM in Yekaterinburg, providing resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. The dominant genome, as in 2021, remains blaCTX-M-1, found in 29 cases. The blaTEM gene was identified both in association with other genes and as a single variant in Escherichiae coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Of the eight strains of K. pneumoniae, 4 were found to have three antibiotic resistance genes blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, strains with a genetic profile of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaNDM were isolated once; and blaTEM, blaSHV, blaKPC. In one strain of K. pneumoniae, phenotypically showing resistance to AB, no genetic determinants of AB resistance were found. In addition to resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, the strains demonstrate resistance to such groups of antibacterial drugs as fluoroquinolones, phosphonic acid derivatives (fosfomycin), and aminoglycosides. The data obtained indicate that the intestines of newborns during their stay at the stationary stage of nursing in some cases are colonized by strains of enterobacteria with multidrug resistance. Consequently, children are a reservoir of resistant microorganisms and can be sources of pathogens of infe","PeriodicalId":36064,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136237148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-4-149-152
V. P. Sergiev
Analysis of scientific publications is revealed that HIV transmission been present among humans for centuries or thousand years. This evidence had been proved by molecular and genetic methods. Additionally, to molecular methods the fact been proved by the presence in humans of a perfect genetic defense against HIV. There is a long co-evolution between humans and their pathogens needed to develop genetic defense mechanisms.
{"title":"The Ancient Origin of HIV","authors":"V. P. Sergiev","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-4-149-152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-4-149-152","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of scientific publications is revealed that HIV transmission been present among humans for centuries or thousand years. This evidence had been proved by molecular and genetic methods. Additionally, to molecular methods the fact been proved by the presence in humans of a perfect genetic defense against HIV. There is a long co-evolution between humans and their pathogens needed to develop genetic defense mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":36064,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136237104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-4-67-74
M. A. Koroleva, M. I. Gritsay, N. S. Churilova, I. S. Koroleva
Relevance. The decrease in the number of cases of invasive diseases caused by N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and in the world has been associated with measures against the spread of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Aim. Presentation of the epidemiological features of purulent bacterial meningitis (PBM) in the Russian Federation at the present stage. Materials and methods. On the basis of the Russian Reference Center for Monitoring Bacterial Meningitis (RCMC), an in-depth personalized system for recording PBM cases has been established. Since 2010, all territories of the Russian Federation have been included in the monitoring system. In 2022, the RCMC received information on 1596 cases of PBM. The descriptive-evaluative epidemiological method was used in the work: a retrospective analysis. Results. The increase in the incidence of a generalized form of meningococcal infection (GFMI), which began in 2017, was recorded in 2018 and 2019, but in 2020–2021 growth was interrupted: the indicator dropped sharply, amounting to 0.26–0.21 per 100 thousand of the population, which is most likely due to the disunity of the population as a result of measures aimed at combating the new coronavirus infection. Measures to combat COVID-19 were canceled in 2021, and already in 2022 the incidence rate of GBM increased by 1.4 times, while the GFMI by 2 times, amounting to 0.44 per 100 thousand of the population. A sharp decrease in the incidence of PBM caused by S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae in 2020-2021 was replaced in 2022 by an increase in the incidence of pneumococcal meningitis, however, the incidence of meningitis caused by H. influenzae remained at the same level. Conclusion. Continued monitoring of the incidence of PBM and the properties of the pathogen are extremely important tasks in order to identify risk groups and areas for the timely optimization of vaccination measures, given that the three infections that cause bacterial meningitis are vaccine-controlled, and vaccination is recognized as the most effective measure to combat meningococcal, pneumococcal and hemophilic infections.
{"title":"Epidemiological Features of Purulent Bacterial Meningitis in the Russian Federation at the Present Stage","authors":"M. A. Koroleva, M. I. Gritsay, N. S. Churilova, I. S. Koroleva","doi":"10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-4-67-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-4-67-74","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The decrease in the number of cases of invasive diseases caused by N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and in the world has been associated with measures against the spread of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Aim. Presentation of the epidemiological features of purulent bacterial meningitis (PBM) in the Russian Federation at the present stage. Materials and methods. On the basis of the Russian Reference Center for Monitoring Bacterial Meningitis (RCMC), an in-depth personalized system for recording PBM cases has been established. Since 2010, all territories of the Russian Federation have been included in the monitoring system. In 2022, the RCMC received information on 1596 cases of PBM. The descriptive-evaluative epidemiological method was used in the work: a retrospective analysis. Results. The increase in the incidence of a generalized form of meningococcal infection (GFMI), which began in 2017, was recorded in 2018 and 2019, but in 2020–2021 growth was interrupted: the indicator dropped sharply, amounting to 0.26–0.21 per 100 thousand of the population, which is most likely due to the disunity of the population as a result of measures aimed at combating the new coronavirus infection. Measures to combat COVID-19 were canceled in 2021, and already in 2022 the incidence rate of GBM increased by 1.4 times, while the GFMI by 2 times, amounting to 0.44 per 100 thousand of the population. A sharp decrease in the incidence of PBM caused by S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae in 2020-2021 was replaced in 2022 by an increase in the incidence of pneumococcal meningitis, however, the incidence of meningitis caused by H. influenzae remained at the same level. Conclusion. Continued monitoring of the incidence of PBM and the properties of the pathogen are extremely important tasks in order to identify risk groups and areas for the timely optimization of vaccination measures, given that the three infections that cause bacterial meningitis are vaccine-controlled, and vaccination is recognized as the most effective measure to combat meningococcal, pneumococcal and hemophilic infections.","PeriodicalId":36064,"journal":{"name":"Epidemiologiya i Vaktsinoprofilaktika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136101166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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