The Javanese mantra is a communicative act, and a spiritual dialogue. During the mantra ritual, the shaman Orang Pinter and supplicant receiving the intervention select become equal agents, as they intervene for change in the cultural and spiritual disposition of the supplicant. But in this paper. The presentation discusses ethnographic work over 10 years during which over 1500 mantras were documented throughout central to east Java, Indonesia, To effect the documentation process, I engaged with a range of communities and individuals throughout Java, that is, Yogyakarta, Solo, Surabaya, Alas Purwo, Salatiga, Bali, and other localities, Spiritual interventions were witnessed, and we suggest religious affiliation tells only part of the story. Drawing on frameworks of symbolic interactionism, and phenomenological nominalism, the synopsis discusses how a poetic discourse analysis of mantras can describe a system employed by these shamans and the supplicants to discursively facilitate the spiritual process, by altering the dissociative state of the supplicant. The talk concludes by presenting a model for the mantra in Java, and possibly in other global regions. Within this model, several overlapping processes mediate the drawing on cultural symbolisms, and overlap in strategic designs, to to effect change in the supplicant. The paper draws on work by Rebecca Seligman, who has conducted similar ethnographic and theoretical work in the South American context.
{"title":"The Semangat and the Mantra in Java, Indonesia","authors":"Michael Hadzantonis","doi":"10.47298/jala.v5-i1-a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47298/jala.v5-i1-a4","url":null,"abstract":"The Javanese mantra is a communicative act, and a spiritual dialogue. During the mantra ritual, the shaman Orang Pinter and supplicant receiving the intervention select become equal agents, as they intervene for change in the cultural and spiritual disposition of the supplicant. But in this paper. The presentation discusses ethnographic work over 10 years during which over 1500 mantras were documented throughout central to east Java, Indonesia, To effect the documentation process, I engaged with a range of communities and individuals throughout Java, that is, Yogyakarta, Solo, Surabaya, Alas Purwo, Salatiga, Bali, and other localities, Spiritual interventions were witnessed, and we suggest religious affiliation tells only part of the story. Drawing on frameworks of symbolic interactionism, and phenomenological nominalism, the synopsis discusses how a poetic discourse analysis of mantras can describe a system employed by these shamans and the supplicants to discursively facilitate the spiritual process, by altering the dissociative state of the supplicant. The talk concludes by presenting a model for the mantra in Java, and possibly in other global regions. Within this model, several overlapping processes mediate the drawing on cultural symbolisms, and overlap in strategic designs, to to effect change in the supplicant. The paper draws on work by Rebecca Seligman, who has conducted similar ethnographic and theoretical work in the South American context.","PeriodicalId":36068,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Asian Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88070381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examines salient features of linguistic capitalism in the digital era, focusing on the dimensions of space, speed, and marketplace. We attempt to reconstruct the linguistic and economic connections of computation and algorithmic or cybernetic capitalism that reinforces global industrialization. We draw on work that discusses the keystone of Google’s success, which is built on three algorithms, PageRank, Adwords, and auto-completion. Auto-completion transforms linguistic materials with little economic value into a potentially profitable economic resource. We discern some semiotic aspects of data-isation and monetization of digital language. In the digital language spaces dominated by algorithmic capitalism as an aspect of informationalism, signs are detached from their narrative function and temporal dimension, while referring only to other signs. We then explore touch on the question of speed and velocity, which define a new linguistic capitalism. Here, ‘fast language’ is a key element in the marketplace of digital language, both as content and as technology. With the current dominance of companies such as Google, such a study is significant, as it sheds light on the economy of language and linguistic capitalism in the current highly pervasive online context.
{"title":"Capitalism in Language, and the Digital Era","authors":"Janis Tennet","doi":"10.47298/jala.v5-i1-a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47298/jala.v5-i1-a3","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines salient features of linguistic capitalism in the digital era, focusing on the dimensions of space, speed, and marketplace. We attempt to reconstruct the linguistic and economic connections of computation and algorithmic or cybernetic capitalism that reinforces global industrialization. We draw on work that discusses the keystone of Google’s success, which is built on three algorithms, PageRank, Adwords, and auto-completion. Auto-completion transforms linguistic materials with little economic value into a potentially profitable economic resource. We discern some semiotic aspects of data-isation and monetization of digital language. In the digital language spaces dominated by algorithmic capitalism as an aspect of informationalism, signs are detached from their narrative function and temporal dimension, while referring only to other signs. We then explore touch on the question of speed and velocity, which define a new linguistic capitalism. Here, ‘fast language’ is a key element in the marketplace of digital language, both as content and as technology. With the current dominance of companies such as Google, such a study is significant, as it sheds light on the economy of language and linguistic capitalism in the current highly pervasive online context.","PeriodicalId":36068,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Asian Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88379033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses the vocational roles constructed by Najib Razak, the sixth Prime Minister of Malaysia for himself, his government, and relational identities for the Malaysian people and others, through Supply Bills. I model the study on Charteris-Black’s Critical Metaphor Analysis and Sack’s Membership Categorisation Analysis, as frameworks. The findings indicate that Najib Razak and his government enacted a role as a ship captain, where the Malaysian people were positioned as passengers, sailing in a sea of world economy, and heading towards a status as a high-income developed nation. Through these metaphors, the people were reminded that without the government as helm of the ship, it is to reach the intended destination. Therefore, the use of metaphors in the Supply Bills serve predicative, empathetic, ideological, and mythical purposes, to legitimize both the government and its purposes as agents of governmentality.
{"title":"Helming Malaysia:Najib Razak’s Metaphors inMalaysian Supply Bills","authors":"Farrah Diebaa Rashid Ali","doi":"10.47298/jala.v5-i1-a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47298/jala.v5-i1-a1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the vocational roles constructed by Najib Razak, the sixth Prime Minister of Malaysia for himself, his government, and relational identities for the Malaysian people and others, through Supply Bills. I model the study on Charteris-Black’s Critical Metaphor Analysis and Sack’s Membership Categorisation Analysis, as frameworks. The findings indicate that Najib Razak and his government enacted a role as a ship captain, where the Malaysian people were positioned as passengers, sailing in a sea of world economy, and heading towards a status as a high-income developed nation. Through these metaphors, the people were reminded that without the government as helm of the ship, it is to reach the intended destination. Therefore, the use of metaphors in the Supply Bills serve predicative, empathetic, ideological, and mythical purposes, to legitimize both the government and its purposes as agents of governmentality.","PeriodicalId":36068,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Asian Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86355487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pottery is a creation of ornamentals, cookware, or material storage devices. Yet, while economic gain is often considered when producing these materials, the artistic and linguistic aspects have been ignored. This study discusses factors influencing the culture, process and language of pottery making, in Bari, Antique, in the Philippines. The study documents the community of pottery makers in the region, and begins to record and expose the efficacy of the language intertwining with the pottery making culture. The ethnography included video and audio recording. The study reveals that environmental factors influence the culture of pottery making in the barangay, and as such, eight main processes emerge during the making of the pottery. Together the other processes, the language used in pottery making is an archaic form of Kinaray-a, the language of the province., suggesting a specialized pottery making.
{"title":"Towards an Ethnography of Pagdihon: The Art and Language of Pottery Making in Antique Province, the Philippines","authors":"Edbert Jay M. Cabrillos, Weng Cabrillos","doi":"10.47298/jala.v4-i4-a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47298/jala.v4-i4-a2","url":null,"abstract":"Pottery is a creation of ornamentals, cookware, or material storage devices. Yet, while economic gain is often considered when producing these materials, the artistic and linguistic aspects have been ignored. This study discusses factors influencing the culture, process and language of pottery making, in Bari, Antique, in the Philippines. The study documents the community of pottery makers in the region, and begins to record and expose the efficacy of the language intertwining with the pottery making culture. The ethnography included video and audio recording. The study reveals that environmental factors influence the culture of pottery making in the barangay, and as such, eight main processes emerge during the making of the pottery. Together the other processes, the language used in pottery making is an archaic form of Kinaray-a, the language of the province., suggesting a specialized pottery making.","PeriodicalId":36068,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Asian Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91238818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper introduces the concept of ‘visibility’ of the linguistic variant and looks at how it influences language variation by examining the morphosyntactic variations in the discourses in Mappila Malayalam, a sociolect of Malayalam spoken by the Muslim community in Northern Kerala, India namely Mappilas. The study maps the variations in serial verb constructions, case marking, and the perfect aspect marker within the socio-historical context of Mappila Malayalam. The paper also develops towards a theoretical understanding of variation based on the visibility of the variants. Throughout, I observe the variants in Mappila Malayalam that contribute to a unique identity of the community and its extended variations. As such, I adopt a Labovian framework and included aspects of discourse analysis. I advance the work on sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology by discussing the development of a progressive model of variation, while further evidencing that the structure of the variation and social factors conjointly promote further variation concurrently dependent on the visibility of the variant, while considering instances from Mappila Malayalam.
{"title":"Visibility Dependency of Morphosyntactic Variations: A Study on Malabar Mappila Malayalam","authors":"Thapasya Jayaraj","doi":"10.47298/jala.v4-i4-a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47298/jala.v4-i4-a4","url":null,"abstract":"The paper introduces the concept of ‘visibility’ of the linguistic variant and looks at how it influences language variation by examining the morphosyntactic variations in the discourses in Mappila Malayalam, a sociolect of Malayalam spoken by the Muslim community in Northern Kerala, India namely Mappilas. The study maps the variations in serial verb constructions, case marking, and the perfect aspect marker within the socio-historical context of Mappila Malayalam. The paper also develops towards a theoretical understanding of variation based on the visibility of the variants. Throughout, I observe the variants in Mappila Malayalam that contribute to a unique identity of the community and its extended variations. As such, I adopt a Labovian framework and included aspects of discourse analysis. I advance the work on sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology by discussing the development of a progressive model of variation, while further evidencing that the structure of the variation and social factors conjointly promote further variation concurrently dependent on the visibility of the variant, while considering instances from Mappila Malayalam.","PeriodicalId":36068,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Asian Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80486366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wayang Kulit shadow puppetry has, for over one millennium, enacted both political and secular voice, for the maintenance of cultural heritage and social critical opinion. Throughout Malaysia, Wayang has mediated shifts in language ideologies and socialization. Yet, shifts in the Wayang have correlated positively with shifts in the Malay language, in light of Malaysian government efforts to palliate social voice through its control of Wayang and the Malay language and its poetics. This paper addresses the Wayang Kulit and its relevant to the Malay language, as well as its semiotic complexities during performance and in larger society, as a tool for the expansion or suppression of critical social voice. The study exposes these shifts in the Wayang, its stylizations, symbolisms, and its performativities, in the latter 20th century. These changes have aligned with cultural and language shifts, against government attempts to legitimize both pro Islamic and neoliberal ideologies. The data set includes a multi-year ethnography of the Wayang in Malaysia, and a corpus of discussions, documentations, and scripts of Wayang performances and narratives, grounded in an abduction theory methodical framework.
{"title":"Casting Shadows over Malay: Palliating Voice, Palliating the Wayang","authors":"Michael Hadzantonis","doi":"10.47298/jala.v4-i4-a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47298/jala.v4-i4-a3","url":null,"abstract":"Wayang Kulit shadow puppetry has, for over one millennium, enacted both political and secular voice, for the maintenance of cultural heritage and social critical opinion. Throughout Malaysia, Wayang has mediated shifts in language ideologies and socialization. Yet, shifts in the Wayang have correlated positively with shifts in the Malay language, in light of Malaysian government efforts to palliate social voice through its control of Wayang and the Malay language and its poetics. This paper addresses the Wayang Kulit and its relevant to the Malay language, as well as its semiotic complexities during performance and in larger society, as a tool for the expansion or suppression of critical social voice. The study exposes these shifts in the Wayang, its stylizations, symbolisms, and its performativities, in the latter 20th century. These changes have aligned with cultural and language shifts, against government attempts to legitimize both pro Islamic and neoliberal ideologies. The data set includes a multi-year ethnography of the Wayang in Malaysia, and a corpus of discussions, documentations, and scripts of Wayang performances and narratives, grounded in an abduction theory methodical framework.","PeriodicalId":36068,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Asian Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88316464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acehnese, like other regional languages throughout Indonesia, is in constant and intense contact with the Indonesian standard language, bahasa Indonesia. Not surprisingly, a great many Indonesian loanwords are flooding into Acehnese. Some interesting sound changes have affected various aspects pf the consonants, vowels, phonotactics, and stress, and so forth. The sound changes affecting the vowels and, to a lesser extent, the consonants of Indonesian loanwords, appear in most unusual ways. This paper explores this topic in detail, drawing on data from a range of sources. We compiled a list of 285 loanwords, which we recorded when read by native speakers of each of four main Acehnese dialects. The Acehnese language consultants to this study were all either academics or postgraduate students in Aceh, and hence fluent bilingual speakers of both Acehnese and Indonesian. We compared phonemic transcriptions of these recordings with their Indonesian correspondences. This paper is the second such paper emerging from this investigation, where the first focused on the behaviour of the vowels. As such, this paper concerns the behaviour of the consonants in Indonesian loanwords migrating into Acehnese dialects. The study evidences the fact that consonant changes do not always constitute a simple case of phonological assimilation, as usually occurs in loanword phonology. Consequently, some consonant changes during the migration of loanwords expose the phenomenon of loanwords becoming an expression of Acehnese identity.
{"title":"Consonant Changes in Loanwords Borrowed from Indonesian into Dialects of Acehnese","authors":"Z. Aziz, Rob Amery, Faisal Mustafa","doi":"10.47298/jala.v4-i4-a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47298/jala.v4-i4-a1","url":null,"abstract":"Acehnese, like other regional languages throughout Indonesia, is in constant and intense contact with the Indonesian standard language, bahasa Indonesia. Not surprisingly, a great many Indonesian loanwords are flooding into Acehnese. Some interesting sound changes have affected various aspects pf the consonants, vowels, phonotactics, and stress, and so forth. The sound changes affecting the vowels and, to a lesser extent, the consonants of Indonesian loanwords, appear in most unusual ways. This paper explores this topic in detail, drawing on data from a range of sources. We compiled a list of 285 loanwords, which we recorded when read by native speakers of each of four main Acehnese dialects. The Acehnese language consultants to this study were all either academics or postgraduate students in Aceh, and hence fluent bilingual speakers of both Acehnese and Indonesian. We compared phonemic transcriptions of these recordings with their Indonesian correspondences. This paper is the second such paper emerging from this investigation, where the first focused on the behaviour of the vowels. As such, this paper concerns the behaviour of the consonants in Indonesian loanwords migrating into Acehnese dialects. The study evidences the fact that consonant changes do not always constitute a simple case of phonological assimilation, as usually occurs in loanword phonology. Consequently, some consonant changes during the migration of loanwords expose the phenomenon of loanwords becoming an expression of Acehnese identity.","PeriodicalId":36068,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Asian Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90285310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Symbolisation can be interpreted as expressing what is real, not in terms of the actual thing that it is, but that which is represented in other forms. A narrative or a story that is in the mind of the writer or the storyteller is still in the form of ideas or concepts. It becomes a message when it is expressed in an organised form in the language medium that we call text. It is the text that forms the symbol to the story. In Ferdinand de Saussure’s theory of the sign, the story is the signifié or the signified, nd the text is the signifiant or the signifier. Language is an abstract and conventional symbol in the life of human beings. At the same time, there are non-language forms of symbols that have been identified as icons and indices, in particular by Charles Saunders Peirce with his theory of semiotics. This paper presents an interpretation of an ancient text, a composite of narratives of the founding of Kedah (which today is a sultanate in the north-western part of the Malay Peninsula) circa 3000 B.C.E., until the arrival of Islam circa 10th century C.E. Originally an oral tradition, the text was given a written form in the mid-18th century, using the Jawi (Malayised Arabic) script of the time. It was only in 1970 that the Jawi manuscript was transliterated using the Roman alphabet. Interpretation of the text goes through various layers of symbols, beginning with symbols in their Jawi script, and identifying words in their various forms. Making sense of linguistic elements suggests taking into account their usage within the text itself, as well as information from historical texts (in co-texts), and findings of research by relevant disciplines, specifically archaeology, geology dan geography.
{"title":"Symbolisation in Ancient Tales: A Special Reference to the Malay Text Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa","authors":"A. Omar","doi":"10.47298/jala.v4-i3-a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47298/jala.v4-i3-a2","url":null,"abstract":"Symbolisation can be interpreted as expressing what is real, not in terms of the actual thing that it is, but that which is represented in other forms. A narrative or a story that is in the mind of the writer or the storyteller is still in the form of ideas or concepts. It becomes a message when it is expressed in an organised form in the language medium that we call text. It is the text that forms the symbol to the story. In Ferdinand de Saussure’s theory of the sign, the story is the signifié or the signified, nd the text is the signifiant or the signifier. Language is an abstract and conventional symbol in the life of human beings. At the same time, there are non-language forms of symbols that have been identified as icons and indices, in particular by Charles Saunders Peirce with his theory of semiotics. This paper presents an interpretation of an ancient text, a composite of narratives of the founding of Kedah (which today is a sultanate in the north-western part of the Malay Peninsula) circa 3000 B.C.E., until the arrival of Islam circa 10th century C.E. Originally an oral tradition, the text was given a written form in the mid-18th century, using the Jawi (Malayised Arabic) script of the time. It was only in 1970 that the Jawi manuscript was transliterated using the Roman alphabet. Interpretation of the text goes through various layers of symbols, beginning with symbols in their Jawi script, and identifying words in their various forms. Making sense of linguistic elements suggests taking into account their usage within the text itself, as well as information from historical texts (in co-texts), and findings of research by relevant disciplines, specifically archaeology, geology dan geography.","PeriodicalId":36068,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Asian Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74664341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Against a backdrop of accelerating process of integration and assimilation of ethnic minorities in China, this study explores the Kam people’s representation and negotiation of their ethnic identity through a linguistic ethnography of examining the narratives embedded in interviews with the Kam villagers. Taking a social interactional approach to narrative, this study analyses the interview narratives as discursively constructed activities that provide profound insights into the mechanisms and dynamics of the Kam people’s social and cultural practices.The narratives of the Kam communities build our understandings of the ways in which their education, mobility experience, perceived and actual distance from home, and work experience impact on the identification and representation of their ethnic identities. In general, this study demonstrates a linear relinquishing of Kam ethnic identity along with distance from their Kam home village.
{"title":"Constructing the Kam Ethnic Identity in Narratives","authors":"Wei Wang","doi":"10.47298/jala.v4-i3-a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47298/jala.v4-i3-a1","url":null,"abstract":"Against a backdrop of accelerating process of integration and assimilation of ethnic minorities in China, this study explores the Kam people’s representation and negotiation of their ethnic identity through a linguistic ethnography of examining the narratives embedded in interviews with the Kam villagers. Taking a social interactional approach to narrative, this study analyses the interview narratives as discursively constructed activities that provide profound insights into the mechanisms and dynamics of the Kam people’s social and cultural practices.The narratives of the Kam communities build our understandings of the ways in which their education, mobility experience, perceived and actual distance from home, and work experience impact on the identification and representation of their ethnic identities. In general, this study demonstrates a linear relinquishing of Kam ethnic identity along with distance from their Kam home village.","PeriodicalId":36068,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Asian Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73762036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rape culture is a form of violence against women. One factor influencing the continuing predominance of this rape culture, in a range of global contexts, is the fact that societies in these contexts tolerate and, to an extent, normalize such sexual violence. This normalizing occurs ubiquitously, and not least through online technologies, such as with netizens. Yet, these netizens also influence conceptions of a just world. The belief in a just world appears to operate through the views of netizens toward victims of sexual abuse, as reflected in social media platforms. One example of this activism is the hashtag #HijaAko, which, as with many other hashtags, is being appropriated by netizens used as a way to strengthen online anti-rape movements. These hashtags can be global and local, where, many focus on the locality of #MeToo hashtags, largely owing to identification with place and space, and the cultural memory of such violence within respective physical communities. This study explores the rape culture landscape as reflected in online discourse, specifically on the Twitter platform. Drawing on Dalbert’s (2009) ‘Belief in the Just World’ hypothesis, and also on work in critical technocultural discourse scholarship, in this paper, I argue that the localized #MeToo hashtag, #HijaAko, has provided and has constituted a techno weapon for victims of sexual violence such as rape to retaliate against the existing predominant rape culture in the Philippines. The #MeToo hashtag, #HijaAko purports to create an online shared community that itself aims at the restoration of online justice that has seemingly failed to appear and succeed through other legitimate means, such as through the legal system. A general concesual confirmation by the netizens who have become active in this movement provides the victims with a sense of ‘virtual justice’ in several ways, and ncluding through the use of ‘receipts’ as weapons. As such, and through a multimodal discourse analysis examining 340 tweets, I present data and its analysis, to reveal that Philippine society capitalizes on victim-blaming as the core advocates and perpetrators of the local rape culture.
{"title":"Investigating Rape Culture in the Philippines through #HijaAko: Towards A Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis","authors":"Aileen C. Bautista","doi":"10.47298/jala.v4-i3-a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47298/jala.v4-i3-a3","url":null,"abstract":"Rape culture is a form of violence against women. One factor influencing the continuing predominance of this rape culture, in a range of global contexts, is the fact that societies in these contexts tolerate and, to an extent, normalize such sexual violence. This normalizing occurs ubiquitously, and not least through online technologies, such as with netizens. Yet, these netizens also influence conceptions of a just world. The belief in a just world appears to operate through the views of netizens toward victims of sexual abuse, as reflected in social media platforms. One example of this activism is the hashtag #HijaAko, which, as with many other hashtags, is being appropriated by netizens used as a way to strengthen online anti-rape movements. These hashtags can be global and local, where, many focus on the locality of #MeToo hashtags, largely owing to identification with place and space, and the cultural memory of such violence within respective physical communities. This study explores the rape culture landscape as reflected in online discourse, specifically on the Twitter platform. Drawing on Dalbert’s (2009) ‘Belief in the Just World’ hypothesis, and also on work in critical technocultural discourse scholarship, in this paper, I argue that the localized #MeToo hashtag, #HijaAko, has provided and has constituted a techno weapon for victims of sexual violence such as rape to retaliate against the existing predominant rape culture in the Philippines. The #MeToo hashtag, #HijaAko purports to create an online shared community that itself aims at the restoration of online justice that has seemingly failed to appear and succeed through other legitimate means, such as through the legal system. A general concesual confirmation by the netizens who have become active in this movement provides the victims with a sense of ‘virtual justice’ in several ways, and ncluding through the use of ‘receipts’ as weapons. As such, and through a multimodal discourse analysis examining 340 tweets, I present data and its analysis, to reveal that Philippine society capitalizes on victim-blaming as the core advocates and perpetrators of the local rape culture.","PeriodicalId":36068,"journal":{"name":"Journal on Asian Linguistic Anthropology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89682943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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