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Civil Society, State and Local Self-Governance: Interrelation and Development Prospects 民间社会、国家和地方自治:相互关系和发展前景
Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.24158/tipor.2023.10.29
Vasily A. Lyubushkin
The article on the basis of an analysis of legal and doctrinal sources considers civil society, distinguishes its signs in the modern period of the development of the Russian state, shows its relationship with the state, distin-guishes its differences from the concept of the state, states the level of maturity of civil society development in the modern Russian state, highlights the foundations of its formation and functioning. The influence of civil so-ciety on the development of legislation of the Russian Federation is emphasized. The possibility of its devel-opment in ensuring the realization of human and civil rights and freedoms is determined. The author's defini-tion of civil society is given, its features and purpose are singled out. A study is being conducted in comparing institutions of civil society, state and local self-government as an element of public power. The guarantees es-tablished by the state for the possible development of civil society are defined.
本文在对法理渊源进行分析的基础上,对市民社会进行了考察,辨析了市民社会在俄罗斯国家发展的现代时期的标志,揭示了市民社会与国家的关系,区分了市民社会与国家概念的区别,阐述了现代俄罗斯国家中市民社会发展的成熟程度,强调了市民社会形成和运作的基础。强调了民间社会对俄罗斯联邦立法发展的影响。它在确保实现人权和公民权利与自由方面的发展可能性是确定的。本文给出了市民社会的定义,指出了市民社会的特征和目的。目前正在进行一项研究,比较作为公共权力组成部分的民间社会、国家和地方自治机构。界定了国家为公民社会的可能发展所建立的保障。
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引用次数: 0
Spatial Development of Modern Russia in the Conditions of the “New Reality” “新现实”条件下近代俄罗斯的空间发展
Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.24158/tipor.2023.10.16
Tatyana V. Koteikina
The aim of the study is to provide the reader with an insight into the transformation of Russia’s economic space under the conditions of “new reality/normality”. In this regard, the author summarizes theoretical and methodo-logical approaches to understanding the term “economic space”, among which the territorial, resource, infor-mation, process, reproductive and institutional approaches are highlighted. Based on the thesis that changes in the contribution of production factors to the formation of wealth, the decline in economic rationality and the in-crease in the uncertainty factor lead to a significant transformation of economic space, the authors analyzed its properties and features of formation. The analysis of population density and the volume of gross regional product per unit area made it possible to draw a conclusion about the growing heterogeneity of economic space in the conditions of the “new reality”. There is a high digital divide between Russian territories and an increase in ESG inequality.
研究的目的是让读者了解在“新现实/常态”条件下俄罗斯经济空间的转型。在这方面,作者总结了理解“经济空间”一词的理论和方法方法,其中强调了领土、资源、信息、过程、生殖和体制方法。基于生产要素对财富形成贡献的变化、经济理性的下降和不确定性因素的增加导致经济空间发生重大转变的观点,分析了其形成的性质和特征。对人口密度和每单位面积的区域生产总值的分析使人们能够得出结论,即在“新现实”的条件下,经济空间日益多样化。俄罗斯各地区之间存在很大的数字鸿沟,ESG不平等也在加剧。
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引用次数: 0
On the Development of a Fuzzy Model for Assessing Consumer Loyalty for Electric Power Industry Organizations 电力行业组织消费者忠诚度模糊评价模型的建立
Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.24158/tipor.2023.10.17
Oksana A. Kravchenko
The article emphasizes the relevance of improving the efficiency of the electric power industry organizations. It is revealed that the transition to market relations and the existing sectoral mechanisms for improving competi-tiveness do not contribute to the reduction of electricity prices, the steady growth of which is observed during the reform and post-reform periods. Attention is focused on the need to stimulate consumer loyalty as one of the effective mechanisms for increasing competitiveness in the electric power industry. The types of consumer loyalty, the main approaches to its assessment and management, and the features of consumer loyalty of elec-tric power organizations, determined by their functioning, are characterized. Significant factors influencing the loyalty of electricity consumers have been identified and, on their basis, a model of consumer loyalty of con-sumers in the commercial sector has been developed. The most appropriate soft modeling approach and im-plementation method for the developed model were selected. The possibility of using the developed fuzzy model for assessing consumer loyalty for energy sales and power grid organizations is shown.
文章强调了提高电力行业组织效率的重要性。报告显示,向市场关系的过渡和现有的提高竞争力的部门机制无助于降低电价,在改革期间和改革后期间,电价稳步增长。作为提高电力行业竞争力的有效机制之一,人们的注意力集中在激发消费者忠诚度的必要性上。分析了电力组织消费者忠诚的类型、评价和管理的主要途径,以及电力组织运行所决定的消费者忠诚特征。已经确定了影响电力消费者忠诚度的重要因素,并在此基础上制定了商业部门消费者忠诚度模型。为所开发的模型选择了最合适的软建模方法和实现方法。利用所建立的模糊模型来评估能源销售和电网组织的消费者忠诚度的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Municipal Political Economy 城市政治经济
Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.24158/tipor.2023.10.13
Sergei B. Bystriantsev
During the first two decades of the XXI century economic life and economic theory were established according to the models that were suggested by liberal economists who were convinced of the correctness of globalist ideology. Crisis 2008–2013 development denied the value of these models. Crisis, sanctions against Russia, neocolonial structure of the world economy degradation induce to search new socio-economic equilibrium points and to return to rejected economic theories, to political economy in particular. The article is written on the basis of the experience of teaching the discipline “Economics of public sector”. The aim of the work is to show that economic practice, especially at the regional level, has ceased to correspond to what is offered by the modern economic science set out in textbooks. It is contemplated that methodological area of “political econo-my”, which comprises broad social context, political aspect in the exclusively economic agenda, will draw near-er to practice the conclusions and generalizations of economists. Municipal economy, from the point of view of political economy, is included directly through agglomeration economies into national economy development, changing it from the inside.
在二十一世纪的头二十年里,经济生活和经济理论是根据自由主义经济学家提出的模型建立起来的,这些经济学家相信全球主义意识形态的正确性。2008-2013年的危机发展否定了这些模式的价值。危机、对俄罗斯的制裁、世界经济的新殖民主义结构的退化促使人们寻找新的社会经济平衡点,并回到被抛弃的经济理论,特别是政治经济学。本文是根据自己在“公共部门经济学”这门学科的教学经验编写的。这项工作的目的是表明,经济实践,特别是在区域一级,已经不再符合教科书中列出的现代经济科学所提供的内容。预计“政治经济学”的方法论领域,包括广泛的社会背景、专属于经济议程的政治方面,将更接近于实践经济学家的结论和概括。从政治经济学的角度看,城市经济是通过集聚经济直接纳入国民经济发展的,是由内而外的变化。
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引用次数: 0
Some Measures to Clarify the Signs of Inducement to Drug Use and Related Acts 厘清诱导吸毒迹象及相关行为的若干措施
Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.24158/tipor.2023.10.35
Anton A. Savinkov
The article is aimed at improving the norms enshrined in Articles 230, 2281 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, Article 6.13 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses, Article 46 of the Federal Law “Concerning Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances”. In order to improve the accuracy of qualifi-cation, the author develops a definition for the concept of “arousal of desire” in relation to drug use, which char-acterizes the crime under Article 230 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. With the aim of differen-tiating the actions of inducement to drug use, their propaganda and advertising, it is proposed to clarify the ori-entation of the latter to an indefinite circle of persons, fixing its legal signs. To ensure a uniform qualification of inducement to drug use coupled with illegal sale of drugs, a normative rule for the qualification of such situa-tions is substantiated. Models for changing legal norms are proposed taking into account the experience of legislators and scientists from Switzerland and Germany.
该条的目的是改进《俄罗斯联邦刑法典》第230条、第2281条、《俄罗斯联邦行政犯罪法》第6.13条、《关于麻醉药品和精神药物的联邦法》第46条所载的准则。为了提高资格的准确性,作者为与吸毒有关的“欲望唤起”概念制定了一个定义,这是俄罗斯联邦《刑法》第230条规定的犯罪特征。为了区分诱导吸毒的行为及其宣传和广告,建议澄清后者面向不确定的人群,确定其法律标志。为确保诱导吸毒合并非法销售毒品的认定条件统一,确立了诱导吸毒合并非法销售毒品认定条件的规范性规则。考虑到瑞士和德国的立法者和科学家的经验,提出了改变法律规范的模式。
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引用次数: 0
Restrictions Related to Membership in Public Chambers and Councils in the Russian Federation: Public Law Analysis 与俄罗斯联邦参众两院议员资格有关的限制:公法分析
Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.24158/tipor.2023.10.25
Vitaly V. Goncharov
The article is devoted to the analysis of the restrictions related to membership in public chambers and councils enshrined in the Russian legislation on public control. The relevance of the research topic is due to the need to determine the necessary and sufficient list of restrictions in the activities of members of civic chambers and councils, which allow to ensure objective, impartial, unbiased performance of their duties by these members of the subjects of public control in the process of preparation and implementation of public control measures. The paper investigates the reasons for the necessity of legislative enshrinement of these restrictions, develops and substantiates their author's classification, studies the main points of view regarding the content and limits of these restrictions. The paper identifies the main problems associated with the consolidation and implementa-tion of these restrictions by members of public chambers and councils in Russia, and develops and justifies a system of measures to resolve these problems.
这篇文章专门分析了俄罗斯关于公共控制的立法所规定的与公共议院和理事会成员有关的限制。该研究课题的相关性是由于需要确定公民议院和理事会成员活动中必要和充分的限制清单,从而确保这些公共控制对象成员在准备和实施公共控制措施的过程中客观、公正、无偏见地履行其职责。本文考察了立法规定这些限制的必要性的原因,发展和充实了作者对这些限制的分类,研究了关于这些限制的内容和范围的主要观点。该文件确定了与俄罗斯公共议院和理事会成员巩固和执行这些限制有关的主要问题,并制定和证明了解决这些问题的措施系统。
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引用次数: 0
Migration Intentions and Quality of Life of the Murmansk Region Population 摩尔曼斯克地区人口的迁移意向和生活质量
Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.24158/tipor.2023.10.7
Irina V. Vicentiy, Olga N. Popova
The paper presents a sociological analysis of the migration situation in the Murmansk region by identifying the migration intentions of the region’s residents in the context of satisfaction with various aspects of quality of life. Positive migration intentions are demonstrated by 16 % of respondents, negative migration intentions – 52 % and “potential migrants” amounted to 26 %. The key motives for migration from the North are unfavorable cli-matic conditions and the unfavorable socio-economic situation in the region. The social portrait of respondents with positive migration intentions is described by such socio-demographic variables as: predominantly female gender, average age – 35 years, education - secondary vocational/specialized – 37 % and higher – 26 %, resi-dence in the Murmansk region since birth or almost all their lives – 71 %, equally employed and unemployed. Motivational factors constraining migration are the presence of own housing, employment, satisfaction with employment, wages and social guarantees of the employer, family, kinship and regional identity.
本文对摩尔曼斯克地区的移民情况进行了社会学分析,通过确定该地区居民在对生活质量各个方面的满意度的背景下的移民意图。16%的受访者表示有积极的移民意向,52%的受访者表示有消极的移民意向,26%的受访者表示有“潜在移民”意向。从北方移徙的主要动机是该区域不利的气候条件和不利的社会经济状况。具有积极移民意向的受访者的社会概况由以下社会人口变量描述:主要是女性,平均年龄- 35岁,受教育程度-中等职业/专业- 37%及以上- 26%,自出生以来或几乎一生都居住在摩尔曼斯克地区- 71%,就业和失业平等。限制移徙的动机因素是拥有自己的住房、就业、对就业的满意度、雇主的工资和社会保障、家庭、亲属关系和地区认同。
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引用次数: 0
The Pure Legal Theory of H. Kelsen and Psychoanalytic Jurisprudence by A. Ehrenzweig: Points of Convergence 凯尔森的纯粹法律理论与埃伦茨威格的精神分析法学:趋同点
Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.24158/tipor.2023.10.34
Anna V. Nersesyants
The article touches upon the issue of “points of contact” between two different approaches to the study of legal problems – the pure legal theory developed by H. Kelsen and psychoanalytic jurisprudence proposed by A. Ehrenzweig. Based on the analysis of biographies of scientists, the thesis is substantiated that an important incentive for the reversal of Ehrenzweig’s scientific interests towards the philosophy of law and for his attempt to bring theoretical constructions of psychoanalysis into this sphere was the desire to support H. Kelsen (his colleague at the University of California Berkeley), whose approach to understanding law met with a very cold reception in the USA. Based on a number of ideas expressed by H. Kelsen about justice, A. Ehrenzweig made the object of his research a sense of justice, which he considered from the standpoint of Freudian psychoanal-ysis. Despite the fact that the scientist has set himself an impossible task, trying to show how exactly by study-ing the sense of justice it is possible to remove the sharpness of contradictions between philosophical and le-gal doctrines, the direction of comprehension of law proposed by him seems important and relevant for mod-ern jurisprudence. Therefore, this approach will allow to take into account more fully the multidimensionality of the human being as a legal subject.
本文探讨了研究法律问题的两种不同方法——凯尔森(H. Kelsen)发展的纯法律理论和埃伦茨威格(A. Ehrenzweig)提出的精神分析法学之间的“接触点”问题。基于对科学家传记的分析,本文证实了埃伦茨威格对法律哲学的科学兴趣的逆转以及他试图将精神分析的理论结构引入这一领域的一个重要动机是支持H. Kelsen(他在加州大学伯克利分校的同事)的愿望,后者理解法律的方法在美国受到了非常冷淡的接待。a . Ehrenzweig基于H. Kelsen关于正义的一些观点,将他的研究对象定为正义感,并从弗洛伊德精神分析的角度来考虑正义感。尽管这位科学家给自己设定了一个不可能完成的任务,即试图通过研究正义感来精确地证明如何能够消除哲学和法律学说之间尖锐的矛盾,但他所提出的理解法律的方向似乎对现代法律学是重要和相关的。因此,这种方法将使人能够更充分地考虑到作为法律主体的人的多层面性。
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引用次数: 0
On the Issue of Legal Regulation of Concession Agreements in the Republic of Abkhazia 论阿布哈兹共和国特许协议的法律规制问题
Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.24158/tipor.2023.10.27
Larisa V. Kudryavtseva, Elena Yu. Pozdnyakova
The article scrutinizes the role of concession agreements and public-private partnership in the Republic of Ab-khazia in the legal analysis of problems and prospects of their development in the Republic of Abkhazia. The authors ascertain the necessity of adopting a law at the legislative level, which would regulate the issues relat-ing to the conclusion, execution and termination of concession agreements. The paper compares it with the Russian concession legislation, and also states the fact of the existence of interstate relations in this area, albeit not in its entirety. The authors formalize the main problems hindering the optimal development of concession relations, in particular, such as the absence of a full-fledged law regulating the conclusion and execution of concession agreements, the lack of possibility to conclude agreements with foreign companies. The article develops and substantiates a system of measures to resolve these problems, aimed at strengthening this insti-tute of business law.
本文审查了阿布哈兹共和国特许权协议和公私伙伴关系在对阿布哈兹共和国的问题及其发展前景进行法律分析方面的作用。作者确定有必要在立法一级通过一项法律,以规范与特许协议的缔结、执行和终止有关的问题。本文将其与俄罗斯租界立法进行了比较,并说明了该地区存在州际关系的事实,尽管不是全部。作者正式指出了阻碍特许关系优化发展的主要问题,特别是缺乏规范特许协议签订和执行的完备法律,缺乏与外国公司签订协议的可能性。本文发展和充实了一套解决这些问题的措施,旨在加强这一商法研究所。
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引用次数: 0
Legislative Framework for the Protection of Minors’ Rights in Criminal Proceedings 未成年人刑事诉讼权利保护立法框架
Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.24158/tipor.2023.10.28
Khusen M. Lukozhev, Anna A. Chekhovskaya
The study aims to investigate the role of legislative consolidation of the rights and legitimate interests of minors in criminal proceedings. The relevance of the study is due to the priority policy of the state to protect the rights and legitimate interests of the family, motherhood and childhood, as well as the active preventive work of au-thorized bodies. Constitutional, as well as sectoral guarantees of minors in criminal proceedings are consid-ered, and the authors’ different points of view on this issue are analyzed. The article analyzes and compares the concept of “minor” in the sectoral legislation of the Russian Federation. Apart from the above, a study of the norms of international law regulating the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of minors and the pos-sibility of their introduction into domestic legislation is performed. A number of factors that allow to refer a per-son to the category of “minor”, and, consequently, the possibility to benefit from the enshrined rights and guar-antees, have been revealed.
本研究旨在探讨立法巩固未成年人在刑事诉讼中的权利和合法利益的作用。这项研究的相关性是由于国家保护家庭、母亲和儿童的权利和合法利益的优先政策,以及授权机构的积极预防工作。本文考虑了未成年人在刑事诉讼中的宪法保障和部门保障,并分析了作者在这一问题上的不同观点。本文对俄罗斯联邦部门立法中的“未成年人”概念进行了分析和比较。除上述外,还研究了关于保护未成年人权利和合法利益的国际法准则以及将其纳入国内立法的可能性。有一些因素可以将一个人归为“未成年人”,从而有可能从所规定的权利和保障中受益。
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引用次数: 0
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Finance: Theory and Practice
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