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Prospects and Research Directions in the Field of Comparative Labor Law 比较劳动法领域的展望与研究方向
Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.24158/tipor.2023.10.23
Elshan E. Abdullaev
Comparative law is irreplaceable in labor law because of its capabilities as a tool for a deeper understanding of various labor systems, supporting political decisions and strengthening the protection of labor rights. Investigat-ing how labor legislation functions in various national legal systems, researchers identify and explain how cer-tain areas of legislation development will help the development of effective and fair labor relations in the coun-try, in accordance with international practice. The aim of the article is to identify the prospects for research in the field of comparative labor law at the present stage. This branch of legal science contributes to a deeper under-standing of different labor systems and strengthening the protection of workers’ rights around the world. The analysis of research directions allowed to identify the main ways of further development of legislation in the field of labor law. It appears that they will focus on increasing labor mobility as part of ongoing globalization; ensuring measures to protect workers’ rights, analyzing the possibilities of creating a flexible labor market, re-forming this branch of the law, complying with international labor standards, and introducing legal innovations in practice while maintaining the principles of social justice and equality.
比较法在劳动法中是不可替代的,因为它能够作为一种工具,更深入地了解各种劳动制度,支持政治决策和加强对劳工权利的保护。通过调查劳工立法在不同国家法律体系中的作用,研究人员根据国际惯例确定并解释立法发展的某些领域将如何有助于该国有效和公平的劳动关系的发展。本文的目的是确定现阶段比较劳动法领域的研究前景。这一法学分支有助于加深对世界各地不同劳动制度的理解,加强对工人权利的保护。通过对研究方向的分析,确定了劳动法领域立法进一步发展的主要途径。作为持续全球化的一部分,他们似乎将把重点放在提高劳动力流动性上;确保保护工人权利的措施,分析创造灵活的劳动力市场的可能性,改革这一法律部门,遵守国际劳工标准,在实践中引入法律创新,同时保持社会正义和平等的原则。
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引用次数: 0
The Risks of Russia’s Energy Sector in the Context of the Low-Carbon Transformation of the Global Economy 全球经济低碳转型背景下俄罗斯能源部门的风险
Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.24158/tipor.2023.10.19
Аnna А. Prudnikova
In the context of global climate change, which is evolving into a climate crisis, the importance of the low-carbon transformation of the global economy is increasing. At the same time, many countries are taking steps to intro-duce new measures and regulatory tools aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions produced by the ener-gy sector of the world economy. This study aims to identify the risks and uncertainties in Russia’s energy sector amidst low-carbon transformation. It is revealed that the relevant legal framework in our country is fragmented and provides limited incentives for energy enterprises to reduce the carbon intensity of their production. Pivotal transition from traditional to renewable energy sources is possible only with the creation of a comprehensive strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the use of significant administrative and financial re-sources. Addressing the problems of Russia’s energy sector development requires immediate solutions in the field of increasing its efficiency, developing Russian technologies for the use of renewable energy sources, promoting distributed energy generation, as well as implementing the processes of carbon capture and utiliza-tion.
在全球气候变化正在演变为气候危机的背景下,全球经济向低碳转型的重要性日益凸显。与此同时,许多国家正在采取步骤,采用旨在减少世界经济能源部门产生的温室气体排放的新措施和管理工具。本研究旨在确定俄罗斯能源部门在低碳转型中的风险和不确定性。研究发现,我国相关法律框架支离破碎,对能源企业降低生产碳强度的激励作用有限。只有在利用大量行政和财政资源的基础上,制定一项减少温室气体排放的综合战略,才能实现从传统能源向可再生能源的关键转型。解决俄罗斯能源部门发展的问题需要在提高其效率、开发俄罗斯可再生能源使用技术、促进分布式能源发电以及实施碳捕获和利用过程等领域立即解决问题。
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引用次数: 0
The Climate of the Krasnodar Krai: the Opinion and Expectations of Young People (Part 2) 克拉斯诺达尔边疆区的气候:年轻人的意见和期望(下)
Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.24158/tipor.2023.10.10
Yulia V. Pupkova
The article considers some features of young people’s perception of the Krasnodar Krai climate at different times of the year. During a sociological survey of students of the Kuban State Technological University, it was revealed that the weather conditions in the region as a whole, and directly in one of its cities – Krasnodar – are liked by respondents most in spring, least of all in summer. Factors of perception of long-term weather condi-tions are the duration of residence on the territory of the region and the type of locus of control. Possible behav-ioral strategies of young people were also studied in case of increase in the coming years in the summer sea-son of such regional trends as increase in surface air temperature, increase in climate aridity, reduction in the total number of cloudy and slightly overcast days. It was revealed that in the case of the implementation of this climate scenario, respondents most often intend to limit the time spent outdoors and in the open sun in the summer months, less often – to go to another region. The findings suggest that this approach could also be useful for developing adaptation programs for individual actors to the conditions of expected climate change in Krasnodar Krai.
本文考虑了年轻人在一年中不同时期对克拉斯诺达尔边疆区气候的看法的一些特点。在对库班国立技术大学学生进行的一项社会学调查中发现,受访者最喜欢整个地区以及其中一个城市克拉斯诺达尔的天气状况,春天最不喜欢,夏天最不喜欢。对长期天气状况的感知因素是在该地区领土上居住的时间和控制点的类型。还研究了在未来几年夏季气温增加、气候干旱增加、多云和微阴天总数减少等区域趋势增加的情况下,年轻人可能采取的行为策略。据透露,在实施这一气候情景的情况下,受访者通常打算在夏季限制在户外和户外阳光下度过的时间,而不是经常去另一个地区。研究结果表明,这种方法也可以用于为个体参与者制定适应克拉斯诺达尔边疆区预期气候变化条件的方案。
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引用次数: 0
Motives for Employment of College Graduates: Analysis of Changes 大学毕业生就业动机:变化分析
Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.24158/tipor.2023.10.4
Anatoly V. Merenkov, Nikolay P. Dronishinets, Vladimir S. Shavrin
In the context of large-scale import substitution, improving the training of workers for all sectors of the national economy in the system of secondary vocational education becomes an urgent problem. It is necessary to cre-ate conditions that ensure the formation of motivation among college graduates for the implementation of the entire volume of competencies acquired during the study in the specialty or associated with it. In this regard, there is a need to investigate the motivations that determine the employment of current academic graduates. Based on the materials of three sociological studies conducted by the Ural Federal University in 2018, 2021, 2023, the main factors influencing the choice of a future place of work by senior students of different colleges of the Middle Urals are revealed. The article shows changes in assessment of the level of the desired salary, prospects of realization of abilities, professional and career growth when making a decision to work in a pro-fession or adjacent to it.
在大规模进口替代的背景下,提高中等职业教育体系对国民经济各部门工人的培训成为一个迫切需要解决的问题。有必要创造条件,确保在大学毕业生中形成动机,以实施在专业学习期间获得的全部能力或与之相关的能力。在这方面,有必要调查决定当前学术毕业生就业的动机。根据乌拉尔联邦大学在2018年、2021年和2023年进行的三次社会学研究的材料,揭示了影响乌拉尔中部不同院校高年级学生未来工作地点选择的主要因素。这篇文章展示了在决定从事某一专业或与其相关的工作时,对期望工资水平、实现能力的前景、专业和职业发展的评估的变化。
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引用次数: 0
Modern Trends in the Development of Labor Law in Russia (Economic and Legal Aspect) 俄罗斯劳动法发展的现代趋势(经济与法律层面)
Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.24158/tipor.2023.10.31
Tatiana V. Romashova, Dmitry P. Kondral
Modern trends in the development of the labor sector in the country determine the key directions for improving legislation. Among the key ones are the democratization and liberalization of the labor sphere, the growing importance of legal guarantees to ensure favorable working conditions and decent wages, the creation of op-timal legal conditions for the development of labor and business, the increased use of remote forms of work, and the development of a system of social and economic guarantees for different categories of workers (in particular, persons employed in the Far North and equated areas). Nowadays, there is a tendency of increasing integration of labor and social spheres, which determined the corresponding development of legal and institu-tional systems. Significant issues for the successful development of the legal system in the field of labor are: the development of legal guarantees for the socio-economic security of the country’s population, labor liberali-zation, legal support for decent wages, democratic development of the institutional and legal system, im-provement of the legal basis for remote work. Scientific novelty of the research lies in the analysis and as-sessment of key trends in the development of labor law in Russia, as well as in the study of promising ways to improve it. The core aspects of modern labor law are analyzed, the conditions and prospects for further devel-opment of this branch of law are examined. Based on the study of legal documents and institutional analysis, the main trends and prospects for the development of labor law are described. Under the legal and systemic approaches, the circumstances and ways of improvement of labor law as a branch of law are investigated. In addition, as part of the normative-legal and institutional approaches, the mechanisms of implementation of state policy in the field of labor are outlined. In conclusion, the article analyzes the key vectors of legislative development.
我国劳动部门的现代发展趋势决定了完善立法的关键方向。其中最重要的是劳动领域的民主化和自由化,确保有利的工作条件和体面的工资的法律保障日益重要,为劳动和商业的发展创造最佳的法律条件,更多地使用远程工作形式,以及为不同类别的工人(特别是在遥远的北方和等同地区就业的人)发展社会和经济保障制度。当前,劳动领域与社会领域日益融合的趋势,决定了相应的法律制度发展。劳动领域法律体系成功发展的重要问题是:为国家人口的社会经济安全提供法律保障,劳动力自由化,为体面工资提供法律支持,制度和法律体系的民主发展,完善远程工作的法律基础。本研究的科学新颖之处在于对俄罗斯劳动法发展的主要趋势进行了分析和评价,并研究了有希望改善俄罗斯劳动法的途径。分析了现代劳动法的核心内容,分析了现代劳动法进一步发展的条件和前景。在法律文献研究和制度分析的基础上,阐述了劳动法发展的主要趋势和前景。从法制化和体系化的角度,考察了作为法律分支的劳动法的完善环境和途径。此外,作为规范性法律和制度方法的一部分,概述了在劳动领域实施国家政策的机制。最后,本文分析了立法发展的关键载体。
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引用次数: 0
Selected Issues of the Prospects for the Use of “Electronic Justice”: Experience of the Russian Federation and Foreign Countries 使用“电子司法”前景的若干问题:俄罗斯联邦和外国的经验
Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.24158/tipor.2023.10.26
Ludmila A. Zelenskaya
The article addresses the peculiarities of digitalization of Russian justice and the problems arising in the course of this process. Exploring the “electronic justice”, the author analyzes the domestic specifics of its legal regula-tion, focusing in detail on such problematic aspects as the definition of the essence and features of the desig-nated concept, and also considers the status of electronic evidence, after which he compares them with similar institutions in a number of foreign countries, including European countries, India, as well as China. Separately, the author examines international acts on the regulation of the digitalization of justice. The study shows the im-portance of introducing digital institutions into the practice of law enforcement. Digitalization of judicial pro-ceedings, the objective consequence of which is the introduction of both individual technological innovations and, in general, the transition to electronic justice, necessitates the reform of classical and the creation of fun-damentally new judicial institutions. Based on the generalization of issues of legislative regulation and the practice of applying international and the experience of some foreign countries, the author justifies that it is quite possible to use certain different elements of electronic justice in domestic legal proceedings, for example, the creation of specialized judicial structures by analogy with the Chinese judicial authority, whose jurisdiction includes Internet disputes.
本文论述了俄罗斯司法数字化的特点以及在这一过程中出现的问题。笔者在探讨“电子司法”的基础上,分析了国内对“电子司法”法律规制的具体情况,重点对“电子司法”概念的本质界定和特征等存在问题的方面进行了详细的分析,并对电子证据的地位进行了思考,然后将其与欧洲、印度、中国等一些国家的类似制度进行了比较。另外,作者审查了关于司法数字化监管的国际法案。该研究显示了将数字机构引入执法实践的重要性。司法程序的数字化,其客观后果是引入个人技术创新,并总体上向电子司法过渡,这需要对传统司法机构进行改革,并从根本上建立新的司法机构。通过对立法规制问题的概括、国际应用实践和国外一些国家的经验,笔者认为在国内诉讼中运用电子司法的某些不同要素是完全可能的,例如,可以借鉴中国司法机关的做法,建立专门的司法机构,将网络纠纷纳入其管辖范围。
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引用次数: 0
Implementing the Principles of a Just Social State: The Context of Overcoming Corruption 落实公正社会国家原则:以克服腐败为背景
Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.24158/tipor.2023.10.5
Elmira K. Naberushkina, Oleg A. Sudorgin
The article is aimed at examining the problem of corruption; it presents an analysis of the theoretical basis of sociological science for interpreting this phenomenon as anomie and a destabilizing factor in the development of the state and society. The relevance of the article is determined by the complex situation in society in this regard, the entrenchment of corruption in the Russian society. Results of a pilot survey of citizens’ opinion on the causes of corruption and necessary measures to counteract it are presented. The main fields of distribution of corrupt practices and the degree of involvement of citizens in deviant schemes were recorded. It is revealed that with a generally negative attitude of citizens towards corruption, they still express a weak willingness to counteract it and allow themselves the opportunity to be a subject of corruption relations and use such practices for personal purposes, if it helps them solve issues that are significant for them. Conclusion dwells upon the fact that in order to improve the situation in society, it is necessary to strive to get rid of the indicated contradic-tion.
这篇文章的目的是考察腐败问题;它分析了社会科学的理论基础,将这种现象解释为社会反常和国家和社会发展中的不稳定因素。文章的相关性是由社会在这方面的复杂情况决定的,腐败在俄罗斯社会的根深蒂固。介绍了一项试点调查的结果,该调查是关于公民对腐败原因的意见和消除腐败的必要措施。记录了腐败行为的主要分布领域和公民参与不正常计划的程度。结果显示,虽然市民对贪污普遍持负面态度,但若贪污有助解决对他们而言重要的问题,市民仍表现出较弱的抵制贪污的意愿,并允许自己有机会成为贪污关系的主体,并利用贪污行为达到个人目的。结论论述了这样一个事实,即为了改善社会状况,必须努力摆脱上述矛盾。
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引用次数: 0
Implementation of a Company Value Assessment Model Taking into Account Brand Influence Within the Framework of a Computerized Business Game “Competition” 计算机化商业游戏“竞争”框架下考虑品牌影响力的公司价值评估模型的实现
Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.24158/tipor.2023.10.21
Daria V. Vorotnikova
This article aims to design and implement a model for assessing the impact of brand on the value of the com-pany in the context of computerized business game “Competition”. Brand, as a key asset of the company, plays an important role in shaping its success in the market. The author analyzes how brand factors affect the finan-cial performance and the company’s overall value in a competitive environment. The article discusses the methodology and development of the Hirose model, as well as its implementation in the business game “Competition”, describes the process of brand influence on the company’s financial results in the context of a computer business game, examines analytical data and statistics obtained during business process modeling. The results obtained from the study provide a better understanding of how brand strategies affect the long-term sustainability of companies and their competitiveness. The practical value of the study resides in the fact that the improvement of the business game algorithm will allow students to better understand how brands affect financial performance and overall company value. This is an important aspect of economic and business edu-cation that aids future entrepreneurs and managers to better understand the strategic importance of branding.
本文旨在设计并实现一个模型,用于评估在计算机化商业游戏“竞争”背景下品牌对公司价值的影响。品牌作为企业的一项重要资产,对企业在市场上的成功起着至关重要的作用。作者分析了在竞争环境下,品牌因素如何影响财务绩效和公司的整体价值。本文讨论了Hirose模型的方法论和发展,以及它在商业游戏“竞争”中的实施,描述了在计算机商业游戏背景下品牌对公司财务结果的影响过程,检查了在业务流程建模过程中获得的分析数据和统计数据。从研究中获得的结果提供了一个更好的理解品牌战略如何影响公司的长期可持续性和他们的竞争力。本研究的实用价值在于,商业博弈算法的改进将使学生更好地了解品牌如何影响财务绩效和公司整体价值。这是经济和商业教育的一个重要方面,可以帮助未来的企业家和管理者更好地理解品牌的战略重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Reproduction of the Urban Community in the Conditions of Urbanized Environment Digitalization 城市化环境数字化条件下的城市社区再生产
Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.24158/tipor.2023.10.2
Valentin P. Babintsev, Galina N. Gaidukova, Zhanna A. Shapoval, Galina A. Yelnikova
The article analyzes the changes in the conditions of urban community reproduction that occur as a result of digitalization of the urbanized environment. The empirical basis of the work are the results of the author’s so-ciological research conducted in 2022 by methods of mass questionnaire survey of city dwellers (Kursk, Belgo-rod, Voronezh regions, n = 1,518), expert survey (50 experts), focus group interviewing among youth repre-sentatives, public sector employees, municipal government officials, retirees, entrepreneurs, and the unem-ployed (6 groups). The authors identify several key areas of changes in the conditions of the reproduction pro-cess of urban communities that occur under the influence of digitization and digitalization: the inclusion of “technosubjects” in the urban space, the formation of hybrid urban communities, the expansion of communica-tion opportunities, changes in the mechanisms of socialization and personal identification, the emergence of new technologies for influencing the consciousness of members of urban communities, the transformation of forms social control.
本文分析了城市化环境数字化所带来的城市社区再生产条件的变化。本文的实证基础是作者于2022年通过城市居民(库尔斯克、Belgo-rod、沃罗涅日地区,n = 1518)的大规模问卷调查、专家调查(50名专家)、青年代表、公共部门雇员、市政府官员、退休人员、企业家和失业者(6组)的焦点小组访谈等方法进行的社会社会学研究结果。作者确定了数字化和数字化影响下城市社区再生产过程条件变化的几个关键领域:城市空间中“技术主体”的纳入,混合型城市社区的形成,交流机会的扩大,社会化和个人认同机制的变化,影响城市社区成员意识的新技术的出现,社会控制形式的转变。
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引用次数: 0
Health as a Value and Component of the Social Well-Being of Students of Pedagogical Universities and Colleges 健康是师范院校学生社会福利的价值和组成部分
Q3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.24158/tipor.2023.10.3
Ekaterina E. Lutskaya, Olga I. Belousova, Yuri S. Konoplin, Irina B. Przhilenskaya
The article is devoted to the perception of the value of health and a healthy lifestyle by students of pedagogical universities and colleges. It is based on the results of the author’s sociological research (Internet survey of stu-dents of pedagogical universities and colleges at the age of 14 to 35 years, n = 1800), conducted in order to find out the value attitude of future teachers to health and to identify the factors influencing a healthy lifestyle. The research data show that for student youth from pedagogical educational institutions health is more of an instrumental than a terminal (M. Rokic) value. The major factors contributing to the support of healthy lifestyle were the age of respondents, minimization of interference with healthy lifestyle, absence of bad habits in the social environment of respondents. To a lesser extent, the healthy lifestyle of students is influenced by material conditions (availability of equipped infrastructure for physical culture and sports).
本文旨在探讨师范院校学生对健康价值和健康生活方式的认知。本文基于作者的社会学研究结果(对14 - 35岁的师范院校学生进行网络调查,n = 1800),旨在了解未来教师对健康的价值态度,并确定影响健康生活方式的因素。研究数据显示,对于来自教育教育机构的学生青年来说,健康更多的是一种工具而不是终端价值(M. Rokic)。支持健康生活方式的主要因素是受访者的年龄、对健康生活方式的干扰最小化、受访者的社会环境中没有不良习惯。在较小程度上,学生的健康生活方式受到物质条件的影响(是否有体育设施)。
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引用次数: 0
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Finance: Theory and Practice
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