{"title":"“Milky Way Astronomies”","authors":"Alejandro M. López","doi":"10.1558/jsa.23699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jsa.23699","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":36192,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Skyscape Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41508084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Jesuit missions in South America were an important factor in the evangelisation of the continent during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. However, although the history and cultural aspects of the distinctive settlements that the missionaries created for indigenous peoples have been examined extensively, studies that address issues relating to archaeoastronomy have only recently begun to appear, primarily in relation to the orientation of churches built for Guaraní peoples in the Jesuit Province of Paraquaria (Province of Paraguay). The current paper continues and complements these studies of the region with the first archaeoastronomical study of the nearby Jesuit missions of Chiquitos in eastern Bolivia, focusing on measurements taken at the ten mission churches, interpreted within the context of the surrounding landscape and the characteristics of the villages where the churches are located. Our results show that in contrast to the churches of the Province of Paraquaria, where north–south meridian orientations predominate, half of the studied Chiquitan Jesuit churches show potential canonical orientations that seem to be aligned to solar phenomena, with three exhibiting precise equinoctial orientation. In this paper I propose reasons for these orientations, including the possible relevance of illumination effects on significant internal elements within the churches – effects that were generally sought in Baroque church architecture.
{"title":"The Orientation of Jesuit Churches in the Chiquitos Missions of Eastern Bolivia","authors":"A. Gangui","doi":"10.1558/jsa.19631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jsa.19631","url":null,"abstract":"The Jesuit missions in South America were an important factor in the evangelisation of the continent during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. However, although the history and cultural aspects of the distinctive settlements that the missionaries created for indigenous peoples have been examined extensively, studies that address issues relating to archaeoastronomy have only recently begun to appear, primarily in relation to the orientation of churches built for Guaraní peoples in the Jesuit Province of Paraquaria (Province of Paraguay). The current paper continues and complements these studies of the region with the first archaeoastronomical study of the nearby Jesuit missions of Chiquitos in eastern Bolivia, focusing on measurements taken at the ten mission churches, interpreted within the context of the surrounding landscape and the characteristics of the villages where the churches are located. Our results show that in contrast to the churches of the Province of Paraquaria, where north–south meridian orientations predominate, half of the studied Chiquitan Jesuit churches show potential canonical orientations that seem to be aligned to solar phenomena, with three exhibiting precise equinoctial orientation. In this paper I propose reasons for these orientations, including the possible relevance of illumination effects on significant internal elements within the churches – effects that were generally sought in Baroque church architecture.","PeriodicalId":36192,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Skyscape Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42857854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peigín Doyle, Pathway To The Cosmos: The alignment of megalithic tombs in Ireland and Atlantic Europe Dublin: Wordwell Ltd., in association with National Monuments Service, 2020. Paperback, fully illustrated, 143 pp. ISBN 9781916291256. €10.00.
{"title":"Peigín Doyle, Pathway To The Cosmos: The alignment of megalithic tombs in Ireland and Atlantic Europe","authors":"C. Kennett","doi":"10.1558/jsa.22277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jsa.22277","url":null,"abstract":"Peigín Doyle, Pathway To The Cosmos: The alignment of megalithic tombs in Ireland and Atlantic Europe Dublin: Wordwell Ltd., in association with National Monuments Service, 2020. Paperback, fully illustrated, 143 pp. ISBN 9781916291256. €10.00.","PeriodicalId":36192,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Skyscape Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45462776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Euan W. MacKie, Professor Challenger and his Lost Neolithic World: The Compelling Story of Alexander Thom and British Archaeoastronomy Oxford: Archaeopress, 2020. Paperback 158 pp., 81 figures ISBN 9781784918330. £30.00.
{"title":"Euan W. MacKie, Professor Challenger and his Lost Neolithic World: The Compelling Story of Alexander Thom and British Archaeoastronomy","authors":"K. Brophy","doi":"10.1558/jsa.22278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jsa.22278","url":null,"abstract":"Euan W. MacKie, Professor Challenger and his Lost Neolithic World: The Compelling Story of Alexander Thom and British Archaeoastronomy Oxford: Archaeopress, 2020. Paperback 158 pp., 81 figures ISBN 9781784918330. £30.00.","PeriodicalId":36192,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Skyscape Archaeology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41404142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nancy Gonlin and April Nowell, Archaeology of the Night: Life after Dark in the Ancient World Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2018. e-book, 412 pp. ISBN 9781607326786. £20.35.
{"title":"Nancy Gonlin and April Nowell, Archaeology of the Night: Life after Dark in the Ancient World","authors":"I. O’Donnell","doi":"10.1558/jsa.22279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jsa.22279","url":null,"abstract":"Nancy Gonlin and April Nowell, Archaeology of the Night: Life after Dark in the Ancient World Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2018. e-book, 412 pp. ISBN 9781607326786. £20.35.","PeriodicalId":36192,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Skyscape Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49473059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work is an attempt to introduce a comparison of the deep logics articulating cosmovisions and cosmologies among indigenous groups in the Lowlands of South America. We are particularly interested in describing the current state and recent past of these knowledge systems, but also connecting them to the distant past. We seek to leave aside an anecdotic comparative approach focused on isolated elements, and it is not our intention to build conjectural narratives of the links among these ways of conceiving the world. Instead, we wish to focus on analysing the common underlying logics that account for the organising principles of these cosmovisions and cosmologies, related to their relational and political nature. International works very often identify the South American Lowlands with Amazonia and here we would like to correct this and include examples from Patagonia on an equal footing with those from Chaco.
{"title":"Cosmo-Logics in Contemporary Lowland South America","authors":"Alejandro M. López, Agustina Altman","doi":"10.1558/jsa.22275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jsa.22275","url":null,"abstract":"This work is an attempt to introduce a comparison of the deep logics articulating cosmovisions and cosmologies among indigenous groups in the Lowlands of South America. We are particularly interested in describing the current state and recent past of these knowledge systems, but also connecting them to the distant past. We seek to leave aside an anecdotic comparative approach focused on isolated elements, and it is not our intention to build conjectural narratives of the links among these ways of conceiving the world. Instead, we wish to focus on analysing the common underlying logics that account for the organising principles of these cosmovisions and cosmologies, related to their relational and political nature. International works very often identify the South American Lowlands with Amazonia and here we would like to correct this and include examples from Patagonia on an equal footing with those from Chaco.","PeriodicalId":36192,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Skyscape Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47676192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a study of the Villa de Leiva archaeological site in Colombia commonly known as El Infiernito, from an archaeoastronomical perspective, with efforts to incorporate only reliable positions of the stones found in the site. While the site has been archaeoastronomically researched in the past, the present research analyses the site’s larger monoliths, which have not been analysed before, and suggests new sociocultural interpretations of those stones that have been studied previously. Referring to cultural similarities between contemporary indigenous groups and the Herrera and Muisca cultures that previously occupied the site, it is suggested that the orientation of the 25 in situ columns and the big monoliths of the southern field could be related to the midpoint between solstices, known in skyscape archaeology as the spatial equinox. Religious beliefs and rituals, fertility celebrations, agriculture and climate are key factors that contribute to the understanding of this solar alignment.
本文从考古天文学的角度对哥伦比亚的Villa de Leiva考古遗址(俗称El Infiernito)进行了研究，并努力将该遗址中发现的石头的可靠位置纳入其中。虽然该遗址在过去已经进行了考古天文学研究，但目前的研究分析了该遗址以前没有分析过的较大的巨石，并对之前研究过的石头提出了新的社会文化解释。参考当代土著群体与先前占据该遗址的Herrera和musca文化之间的文化相似性，研究人员认为，25根原位柱和南部田野的大型巨石的方向可能与至点之间的中点有关，在天空考古学中被称为空间春分。宗教信仰和仪式、生育庆典、农业和气候是有助于理解这种太阳排列的关键因素。
{"title":"Archaeoastronomy at the Villa de Leiva Archaeological Site, A Reinterpretation","authors":"H. N. Sánchez","doi":"10.1558/jsa.17837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jsa.17837","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a study of the Villa de Leiva archaeological site in Colombia commonly known as El Infiernito, from an archaeoastronomical perspective, with efforts to incorporate only reliable positions of the stones found in the site. While the site has been archaeoastronomically researched in the past, the present research analyses the site’s larger monoliths, which have not been analysed before, and suggests new sociocultural interpretations of those stones that have been studied previously. Referring to cultural similarities between contemporary indigenous groups and the Herrera and Muisca cultures that previously occupied the site, it is suggested that the orientation of the 25 in situ columns and the big monoliths of the southern field could be related to the midpoint between solstices, known in skyscape archaeology as the spatial equinox. Religious beliefs and rituals, fertility celebrations, agriculture and climate are key factors that contribute to the understanding of this solar alignment.","PeriodicalId":36192,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Skyscape Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48100364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Efrosyni Boutsikas, Stephen C. McCluskey and John Steele (eds), Advancing Cultural Astronomy: Studies In Honour of Clive Ruggles Springer International Publishing, 2021. Hardback 319 pages, illustrated, ISBN: 978-3-030-64605-9. £109.99; eBook 978-3-030-64606-6. £87.50.
Efrosyni Boutsikas, Stephen C. McCluskey和John Steele(编)，推进文化天文学:克莱夫·拉格斯的荣誉研究b施普林格国际出版社，2021年。精装本319页，插图，ISBN: 978-3-030-64605-9。£109.99;电子书978-3-030-64606-6。£87.50。
{"title":"Efrosyni Boutsikas, Stephen C. McCluskey and John Steele (eds), Advancing Cultural Astronomy: Studies In Honour of Clive Ruggles","authors":"Liz Henty","doi":"10.1558/jsa.22281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jsa.22281","url":null,"abstract":"Efrosyni Boutsikas, Stephen C. McCluskey and John Steele (eds), Advancing Cultural Astronomy: Studies In Honour of Clive Ruggles Springer International Publishing, 2021. Hardback 319 pages, illustrated, ISBN: 978-3-030-64605-9. £109.99; eBook 978-3-030-64606-6. £87.50.","PeriodicalId":36192,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Skyscape Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43808333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cahokia was a major Native American city on the east side of the Mississippi River, across from the modern-day city of St. Louis, Missouri. Cahokia flourished from c.1050 AD to c.1250. In this paper archaeoastronomic and ethnohistoric data along with computer simulations are used to explore the idea that the Cahokia site axis and the Rattlesnake Causeway were intentionally aligned to the Milky Way. It is proposed that this alignment accounts for the peculiar 5° offset of the site from the cardinal directions. Following Sarah Baires, it is suggested that Rattlesnake Causeway was a terrestrial metaphor for the Milky Way Path of Souls used by the deceased to cross to the Land of the Dead. Rattlesnake Mound at the end of the Causeway is suggested as a portal to the Path of Souls. According to ethnohistoric accounts, the Land of the Dead was guarded by a Great Serpent – suggested here as visible in the night sky as either the constellation Serpens or that of Scorpius.
{"title":"Following The Milky Way Path of Souls","authors":"William F. Romain","doi":"10.1558/jsa.18926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/jsa.18926","url":null,"abstract":"Cahokia was a major Native American city on the east side of the Mississippi River, across from the modern-day city of St. Louis, Missouri. Cahokia flourished from c.1050 AD to c.1250. In this paper archaeoastronomic and ethnohistoric data along with computer simulations are used to explore the idea that the Cahokia site axis and the Rattlesnake Causeway were intentionally aligned to the Milky Way. It is proposed that this alignment accounts for the peculiar 5° offset of the site from the cardinal directions. Following Sarah Baires, it is suggested that Rattlesnake Causeway was a terrestrial metaphor for the Milky Way Path of Souls used by the deceased to cross to the Land of the Dead. Rattlesnake Mound at the end of the Causeway is suggested as a portal to the Path of Souls. According to ethnohistoric accounts, the Land of the Dead was guarded by a Great Serpent – suggested here as visible in the night sky as either the constellation Serpens or that of Scorpius.","PeriodicalId":36192,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Skyscape Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45608565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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