Abstract Travel behaviour exists in both culture and the surrounding environment. It is crucial to understand it because it helps the policymakers to effectively develop the urban and transportation planning policies. Large scale mobility of people by motorized transport is making our cities polluted and more congested that ultimately affects urban assets. A single paradigm, e.g. land use or socio-demographics, might not clearly demonstrate people’s preferences, it is necessary to take several paradigms in isolation. This study examined the joint influence of multiple attributes that includes land use, socio-demographic and travel information on travel behaviour and particularly preferred travel mode. A structured questionnaire was designed and interviews were conducted to obtain the data. Multinomial logit model (MNL) was applied to estimate the relationships among variables. Furthermore, spatial maps were prepared to highlight the classification of land uses. It was estimated that with the increase in income level people switched from walking to riding a vehicle and most of them prefer to ride a vehicle for longer trips. It was further investigated that people prefer to walk or ride a vehicle in residential and commercial areas. Based on the results, several planning related policies were recommended.
{"title":"Influence of Land Use, Socio-demographic and Travel Attributes on Travel Behaviour in City of Lahore","authors":"Nabeel Shakeel, M. Jahanzaib","doi":"10.2478/aup-2019-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aup-2019-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Travel behaviour exists in both culture and the surrounding environment. It is crucial to understand it because it helps the policymakers to effectively develop the urban and transportation planning policies. Large scale mobility of people by motorized transport is making our cities polluted and more congested that ultimately affects urban assets. A single paradigm, e.g. land use or socio-demographics, might not clearly demonstrate people’s preferences, it is necessary to take several paradigms in isolation. This study examined the joint influence of multiple attributes that includes land use, socio-demographic and travel information on travel behaviour and particularly preferred travel mode. A structured questionnaire was designed and interviews were conducted to obtain the data. Multinomial logit model (MNL) was applied to estimate the relationships among variables. Furthermore, spatial maps were prepared to highlight the classification of land uses. It was estimated that with the increase in income level people switched from walking to riding a vehicle and most of them prefer to ride a vehicle for longer trips. It was further investigated that people prefer to walk or ride a vehicle in residential and commercial areas. Based on the results, several planning related policies were recommended.","PeriodicalId":36267,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Urban Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48593427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Taking into account the wide variety of household types, it is crucial to provide different housing. The research focuses on the diversity of Riga 21st century apartments, considering the principles of the housing diversity concept and the context of Riga development. Theoretical studies as well as empirical research methods were used. According to the research results, in general the diversity is satisfactory. However, several negative aspects were identified. Therefore, it is necessary to take actions in order to achieve a greater housing diversity and overall sustainability.
{"title":"Diversity of Riga 21st Century Apartments","authors":"Santa Freimane","doi":"10.2478/aup-2019-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aup-2019-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Taking into account the wide variety of household types, it is crucial to provide different housing. The research focuses on the diversity of Riga 21st century apartments, considering the principles of the housing diversity concept and the context of Riga development. Theoretical studies as well as empirical research methods were used. According to the research results, in general the diversity is satisfactory. However, several negative aspects were identified. Therefore, it is necessary to take actions in order to achieve a greater housing diversity and overall sustainability.","PeriodicalId":36267,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Urban Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48347934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Today’s European historical city centre streetscapes, many of which are designated cultural heritage sites, consist of a mix of urban and architectural housing heritage of different periods, including post World War II period buildings. Nevertheless, knowledge of history of historical centre post-war housing and their artistic and cultural-historical values of this recent past is still insufficient, to a certain degree contradictory, and in some cases even incorrect. This is particularly accurate regarding Modern Movement serial or type Soviet housing in former Soviet republics. This paper presents an ongoing research intended to identify valuable housing streetscape architecture and urban layout traits of post-war period in Latvia (1945–1990) in the environment of historic centre. The goal is to provide specialists in planning and heritage fields with appropriate evaluation criteria and correct know-how material on the theme, as well as general public with cultural historical information considering post-war housing heritage. In this study an example of post-war Modern Movement serial Soviet housing in the historical centre of Riga, the capital city of Latvia, and its protection zone is drawn. The research is based on mapping and auditing streetscapes using Maryland Inventory with this housing typology in historical built environment to identify most common characteristics and qualities of these buildings. The main conclusions are that historical street-scapes do not have significant qualitative differences from historical mixed with post-war housing streetscapes, whereas the quality of streetscapes with dominating post-war modern housing tends to differ from historical streetscapes, as well as has similar shortcomings to those of the large-scale housing block streetscapes.
{"title":"Soviet Serial Apartment Buildings in Riga Historical Centre Streetscape. 1945–1990","authors":"Liva Garkaje","doi":"10.2478/aup-2019-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aup-2019-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Today’s European historical city centre streetscapes, many of which are designated cultural heritage sites, consist of a mix of urban and architectural housing heritage of different periods, including post World War II period buildings. Nevertheless, knowledge of history of historical centre post-war housing and their artistic and cultural-historical values of this recent past is still insufficient, to a certain degree contradictory, and in some cases even incorrect. This is particularly accurate regarding Modern Movement serial or type Soviet housing in former Soviet republics. This paper presents an ongoing research intended to identify valuable housing streetscape architecture and urban layout traits of post-war period in Latvia (1945–1990) in the environment of historic centre. The goal is to provide specialists in planning and heritage fields with appropriate evaluation criteria and correct know-how material on the theme, as well as general public with cultural historical information considering post-war housing heritage. In this study an example of post-war Modern Movement serial Soviet housing in the historical centre of Riga, the capital city of Latvia, and its protection zone is drawn. The research is based on mapping and auditing streetscapes using Maryland Inventory with this housing typology in historical built environment to identify most common characteristics and qualities of these buildings. The main conclusions are that historical street-scapes do not have significant qualitative differences from historical mixed with post-war housing streetscapes, whereas the quality of streetscapes with dominating post-war modern housing tends to differ from historical streetscapes, as well as has similar shortcomings to those of the large-scale housing block streetscapes.","PeriodicalId":36267,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Urban Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49029144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Latvia and Lithuania are producers of glulam and both have managed building projects with glued timber structures, but only as few as 1−2 projects per year. As it is difficult to find information about glulam projects it is possible that many projects are not known even to the audience of architects. The aim of this study was to collect information related to the glulam projects in both countries and the questionnaire was used to get the architects’ opinion on the use of timber and glulam.
{"title":"Glulam in Architecture of Latvia and Lithuania","authors":"Antra Viļuma, Arnoldas Gabrėnas","doi":"10.2478/aup-2019-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aup-2019-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Latvia and Lithuania are producers of glulam and both have managed building projects with glued timber structures, but only as few as 1−2 projects per year. As it is difficult to find information about glulam projects it is possible that many projects are not known even to the audience of architects. The aim of this study was to collect information related to the glulam projects in both countries and the questionnaire was used to get the architects’ opinion on the use of timber and glulam.","PeriodicalId":36267,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Urban Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45347184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jurga Vitkuvienė, I. Gražulevičiūtė-Vileniškė, K. Zaleckis, Brigita Tranavičiūtė
Abstract The article demonstrates the development and application of activities with serious play and serious game features for the facilitated process of content analysis of images of urban public spaces. The study involves accumulation of the material for the analysis, develops the coding categories and their visual representations – pictograms, analyzes and groups the images and attributes the pictograms to them, marks the insight on the sticky notes, develops the matrixes of functioning of urban spaces, and discusses the outcomes. The developed set of activities based on the hands-on approach can be used in research and studies and could be adapted to local community-based activities.
{"title":"Serious Game and Serious Play Concepts in the Content Analysis of Urban Spaces","authors":"Jurga Vitkuvienė, I. Gražulevičiūtė-Vileniškė, K. Zaleckis, Brigita Tranavičiūtė","doi":"10.2478/aup-2019-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aup-2019-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article demonstrates the development and application of activities with serious play and serious game features for the facilitated process of content analysis of images of urban public spaces. The study involves accumulation of the material for the analysis, develops the coding categories and their visual representations – pictograms, analyzes and groups the images and attributes the pictograms to them, marks the insight on the sticky notes, develops the matrixes of functioning of urban spaces, and discusses the outcomes. The developed set of activities based on the hands-on approach can be used in research and studies and could be adapted to local community-based activities.","PeriodicalId":36267,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Urban Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47019541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The study summarizes information on buildings of catering establishments of the 1960s in Latvia. The analysis of the interior, exterior, location of the buildings as well as the possibilities for their restoration has been carried out. Information on the restoration and preservation of the Modern Movement architecture in the world has been analysed as well.
{"title":"The 60s of the 20th Century: Modern Movement Public Catering Buildings in Latvia","authors":"Luīze Marta Aizpurva","doi":"10.2478/aup-2019-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aup-2019-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study summarizes information on buildings of catering establishments of the 1960s in Latvia. The analysis of the interior, exterior, location of the buildings as well as the possibilities for their restoration has been carried out. Information on the restoration and preservation of the Modern Movement architecture in the world has been analysed as well.","PeriodicalId":36267,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Urban Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46302881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Urban regeneration has been an ongoing process in many cities for decades. It has experienced various changes in terms of the main driving force, with public engagement becoming more and more important. One of the ways for communities to get involved in urban transformation is through participation in urban planning. Local communities are considered as partners in urban design processes, and in many countries their role in planning and design is defined by industry regulations. Still, one question is important – is public participation a formal tool or does it have an influence on planning and how it impacts decision making. Along with community involvement in planning processes, participatory budgeting has been developed as a public participatory approach in recent years. This gives a chance for inhabitants to participate in the budgetary decision-making process. The aim of this study is to analyse whether participatory budgeting, which is mainly municipal-led urban activism, answers the real needs of inhabitants in terms of urban regeneration. The interests of formal urban activism are defined and compared to the interests of informal urban activism actions, correlation and gaps are defined.
{"title":"Participatory Budgeting in Urban Regeneration: Defining the Gap Between Formal and Informal Citizen Activism","authors":"Alisa Koroļova, S. Treija","doi":"10.2478/aup-2019-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aup-2019-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Urban regeneration has been an ongoing process in many cities for decades. It has experienced various changes in terms of the main driving force, with public engagement becoming more and more important. One of the ways for communities to get involved in urban transformation is through participation in urban planning. Local communities are considered as partners in urban design processes, and in many countries their role in planning and design is defined by industry regulations. Still, one question is important – is public participation a formal tool or does it have an influence on planning and how it impacts decision making. Along with community involvement in planning processes, participatory budgeting has been developed as a public participatory approach in recent years. This gives a chance for inhabitants to participate in the budgetary decision-making process. The aim of this study is to analyse whether participatory budgeting, which is mainly municipal-led urban activism, answers the real needs of inhabitants in terms of urban regeneration. The interests of formal urban activism are defined and compared to the interests of informal urban activism actions, correlation and gaps are defined.","PeriodicalId":36267,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Urban Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49250985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract We are witnesses of continuous and turbulent complexity process of urban development at every spatial level. The presence of information and communication technologies in every aspect of our life leads to the fact that there is no more “delay” in between global and local changes. This conjunction changes the paradigm of urban development, which is now in networking, communication and integration. This paper discusses these relations described as hypothesis within Castells’ paradigm of network society and project identity that should be developed on local level in order to be a part of – a node of global network, and to survive and develop its potentialities and capacities. This paradigm is discussed in relation to C. Alexander’s, E. Howard’s, and P. Geeds’ approach in order to define principles and steps of integration of different spatial levels toward more coherent, harmonized urban development. The research applies theoretical approaches of networking towards integrated development of Danube region.
{"title":"Conjunction of Local and Global Processes Towards Qualitative Integrated Urban Development of Danube Region","authors":"M. Ralević, T. Mrdjenovic, Esad Muminović","doi":"10.2478/aup-2019-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aup-2019-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We are witnesses of continuous and turbulent complexity process of urban development at every spatial level. The presence of information and communication technologies in every aspect of our life leads to the fact that there is no more “delay” in between global and local changes. This conjunction changes the paradigm of urban development, which is now in networking, communication and integration. This paper discusses these relations described as hypothesis within Castells’ paradigm of network society and project identity that should be developed on local level in order to be a part of – a node of global network, and to survive and develop its potentialities and capacities. This paradigm is discussed in relation to C. Alexander’s, E. Howard’s, and P. Geeds’ approach in order to define principles and steps of integration of different spatial levels toward more coherent, harmonized urban development. The research applies theoretical approaches of networking towards integrated development of Danube region.","PeriodicalId":36267,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Urban Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42252642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Architectural studies in Kaunas University of Technology shift towards implementation of BIM concept-based approach in design modules, which suggests the use of related software (Revit, ArchiCAD). Implementation of parametric design (3ds Max, Cinema4D) related subjects in the study process is in alarming situation because of the University’s and even national policy. Nevertheless, its wide usage, at least in the visual presentation of architectural projects, strongly suggests that graduates need to have knowledge of these technologies as it is often required in the general practice. However, the different concepts of BIM and parametric design modelling practice makes the study load too heavy for the students. Thus, it is vital to find a balanced solution for both of these subjects to be presented equally during architectural studies at the University. The aim of this paper is to analyse the opportunities and challenges of introducing parallel learning of both software.
{"title":"Parametric Design Concept in Architectural Studies","authors":"V. Baltus, Tadas Žebrauskas","doi":"10.2478/aup-2019-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aup-2019-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Architectural studies in Kaunas University of Technology shift towards implementation of BIM concept-based approach in design modules, which suggests the use of related software (Revit, ArchiCAD). Implementation of parametric design (3ds Max, Cinema4D) related subjects in the study process is in alarming situation because of the University’s and even national policy. Nevertheless, its wide usage, at least in the visual presentation of architectural projects, strongly suggests that graduates need to have knowledge of these technologies as it is often required in the general practice. However, the different concepts of BIM and parametric design modelling practice makes the study load too heavy for the students. Thus, it is vital to find a balanced solution for both of these subjects to be presented equally during architectural studies at the University. The aim of this paper is to analyse the opportunities and challenges of introducing parallel learning of both software.","PeriodicalId":36267,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Urban Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46276062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Affordable Housing is a critical issue in many developing countries that impacts their potential for sustainability and socio-economic development. Lack of affordable housing, slower growth of housing stock, and aging housing conflates numerous other problems in Pakistan, including overcrowding, poor indoor air quality, prevalence of preventable diseases, and development of slums and katchi abadies, etc. These challenges lessen living standards in many areas. Unaffordable housing forces low income families in urban areas to live in dilapidated areas. An increase in the construction of affordable housing is needed to mitigate housing affordability challenges in Pakistan. Setting aside land quotas for low-income families in housing development schemes is not sufficient because the households still lack the means to construct housing. This paper attempts to identify the causes of unaffordable housing and solutions for its provision.
{"title":"Making Unaffordable to Affordable: Looking into Affordable Housing Issues and Its Remedies","authors":"Muhammad Ahsan","doi":"10.2478/aup-2019-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/aup-2019-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Affordable Housing is a critical issue in many developing countries that impacts their potential for sustainability and socio-economic development. Lack of affordable housing, slower growth of housing stock, and aging housing conflates numerous other problems in Pakistan, including overcrowding, poor indoor air quality, prevalence of preventable diseases, and development of slums and katchi abadies, etc. These challenges lessen living standards in many areas. Unaffordable housing forces low income families in urban areas to live in dilapidated areas. An increase in the construction of affordable housing is needed to mitigate housing affordability challenges in Pakistan. Setting aside land quotas for low-income families in housing development schemes is not sufficient because the households still lack the means to construct housing. This paper attempts to identify the causes of unaffordable housing and solutions for its provision.","PeriodicalId":36267,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Urban Planning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46357043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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