Anthracyclines are a clinically important class of antineoplastic agents used to treat a wide variety of solid and blood cancers. The first described anthracycline, daunorubicin, was first isolated from a strain of Streptomyces peucetius in the early 1960s. Clinically the most widely used are doxorubicin, daunorubicin and their semisynthetic derivatives epirubicin and idarubicin. They primarily act by intercalating with DNA and inhibiting topoisomerase II, resulting in DNA breaks and abrogated DNA synthesis. The most serious side effect of anthracycline use is cumulative dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, limiting recommended maximum lifetime treatment to 400450 mg/m2. Several liposomal formulations of doxorubicin are in use, having the benefits of prolonging retention rate while reducing peak plasma concentration of free drug. Several clinical trials of anthracycline-loaded nanoparticles are currently underway.
{"title":"Anthracyclines","authors":"Alison Cheong, Sean McGrath, S. Cutts","doi":"10.15347/wjm/2018.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15347/wjm/2018.001","url":null,"abstract":"Anthracyclines are a clinically important class of antineoplastic agents used to treat a wide variety of solid and blood cancers. The first described anthracycline, daunorubicin, was first isolated from a strain of Streptomyces peucetius in the early 1960s. Clinically the most widely used are doxorubicin, daunorubicin and their semisynthetic derivatives epirubicin and idarubicin. They primarily act by intercalating with DNA and inhibiting topoisomerase II, resulting in DNA breaks and abrogated DNA synthesis. The most serious side effect of anthracycline use is cumulative dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, limiting recommended maximum lifetime treatment to 400450 mg/m2. Several liposomal formulations of doxorubicin are in use, having the benefits of prolonging retention rate while reducing peak plasma concentration of free drug. Several clinical trials of anthracycline-loaded nanoparticles are currently underway.","PeriodicalId":36272,"journal":{"name":"WikiJournal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84374688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This review article is written to give a comprehensive and yet straightforward overview regarding a tropical disease named melioidosis. Besides that, this article also aims to promote awareness and research in the disease. Melioidosis is an infectious disease that ravages the tropical regions around the world. However, the awareness of this disease is lacking in developing countries. It is not even included in the WHO list of Neglected Tropical Disease. The ability of this disease to spread through air by inhalation makes it a potential agent for bioweapons, although there is no documented evidence of its use in biological warfare. There are also various gaps of research in melioidosis. A search into PubMed and Google Scholar was done by using keywords "melioidosis", "melioidosis biological agent", " Burkholderia pseudomallei ", "human melioidosis", and "melioidosis review" while writing this review. Allocation of resources into the study and prevention of melioidosis will help to improve the disease burden in developing countries.
{"title":"Melioidosis","authors":"Raymond Chieng","doi":"10.15347/wjm/2022.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15347/wjm/2022.004","url":null,"abstract":"This review article is written to give a comprehensive and yet straightforward overview regarding a tropical disease named melioidosis. Besides that, this article also aims to promote awareness and research in the disease. Melioidosis is an infectious disease that ravages the tropical regions around the world. However, the awareness of this disease is lacking in developing countries. It is not even included in the WHO list of Neglected Tropical Disease. The ability of this disease to spread through air by inhalation makes it a potential agent for bioweapons, although there is no documented evidence of its use in biological warfare. There are also various gaps of research in melioidosis. A search into PubMed and Google Scholar was done by using keywords \"melioidosis\", \"melioidosis biological agent\", \" Burkholderia pseudomallei \", \"human melioidosis\", and \"melioidosis review\" while writing this review. Allocation of resources into the study and prevention of melioidosis will help to improve the disease burden in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":36272,"journal":{"name":"WikiJournal of Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88514321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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