Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.24840/2183-6493_008.005_0012
A. P. Silva, Bruno Rodrigues, Léandra Bonny, Y. Manrique
In 2020, Portugal had an average strawberry production of 10 thousand tons, and 15 % was considered strawberry plant residues. This work proposed a new product that uses the compounds extracted from the strawberry residues - stem and leaves, excluding the fruit - as an active ingredient for cosmetic application. Strawberry leaves were extracted with 50 % ethanol. This extract mainly consists of lactic acid, ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid, and agrimoniin; these compounds are used in the chemical industry due to their antioxidant properties. A gel-cream formulation with 17.5 % strawberry leaves extracts was proposed. It proposed an industrial-scale production and a preliminary economic analysis to evaluate the project's profitability. The Net Present Value (NPV) was estimated as 3.40 M€ (4th year), and the pay-back time is on eight quarters.
{"title":"Strawberry Leaves Extract for Cosmetic Industry","authors":"A. P. Silva, Bruno Rodrigues, Léandra Bonny, Y. Manrique","doi":"10.24840/2183-6493_008.005_0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_008.005_0012","url":null,"abstract":"In 2020, Portugal had an average strawberry production of 10 thousand tons, and 15 % was considered strawberry plant residues. This work proposed a new product that uses the compounds extracted from the strawberry residues - stem and leaves, excluding the fruit - as an active ingredient for cosmetic application. Strawberry leaves were extracted with 50 % ethanol. This extract mainly consists of lactic acid, ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid, and agrimoniin; these compounds are used in the chemical industry due to their antioxidant properties. A gel-cream formulation with 17.5 % strawberry leaves extracts was proposed. It proposed an industrial-scale production and a preliminary economic analysis to evaluate the project's profitability. The Net Present Value (NPV) was estimated as 3.40 M€ (4th year), and the pay-back time is on eight quarters.","PeriodicalId":36339,"journal":{"name":"U.Porto Journal of Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85045876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.24840/2183-6493_008.005_0010
J. Câmara, S. Santos, Filip Delden, David Aparício, I. Martins
This study had the objective of developing a product having as raw material the residual parts of lettuce, which are its roots and residual leaves. To this effect, a thought experiment was performed in order to create a flame-retardant cellulose film using a green-sourced, vegan, and biodegradable raw material. This product was designed with the goal of protecting furniture, however, the product could also be effectively applied in paintings and other cellulose-based materials. A production line was proposed, and through economic analysis, it was determined that the manufacture of this product is profitable, with a production price of 2.15€ per unit (m2) and a retail price of 6€ per unit (m2). This flame-retardant film is unique compared to the others on the market, which are mainly plastic-based, since it is developed from a biodegradable material, making it a sustainable option for a zero-carbon economy. This film has a fire delay of approximately 4.5 minutes when exposed to fire.
{"title":"Cellulose Flame-retardant Film using Lettuce Residue as Raw Material","authors":"J. Câmara, S. Santos, Filip Delden, David Aparício, I. Martins","doi":"10.24840/2183-6493_008.005_0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_008.005_0010","url":null,"abstract":"This study had the objective of developing a product having as raw material the residual parts of lettuce, which are its roots and residual leaves. To this effect, a thought experiment was performed in order to create a flame-retardant cellulose film using a green-sourced, vegan, and biodegradable raw material. This product was designed with the goal of protecting furniture, however, the product could also be effectively applied in paintings and other cellulose-based materials. A production line was proposed, and through economic analysis, it was determined that the manufacture of this product is profitable, with a production price of 2.15€ per unit (m2) and a retail price of 6€ per unit (m2). This flame-retardant film is unique compared to the others on the market, which are mainly plastic-based, since it is developed from a biodegradable material, making it a sustainable option for a zero-carbon economy. This film has a fire delay of approximately 4.5 minutes when exposed to fire.","PeriodicalId":36339,"journal":{"name":"U.Porto Journal of Engineering","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86332099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.24840/2183-6493_008.005_0008
A. P. Teixeira, Bruna Coutinho, Joana Cancela, Laura Cullen, Margarida Brito
Portugal has a significant production of kiwifruit, from which around 73.8 tons of leaves and branches are generated every year. The composition of these residues shows interesting properties that could be incorporated into a value-added product. In order to create a new product, the steps proposed by the Chemical Product Design procedure were followed: identifying the needs, brainstorming ideas, selecting the best idea, proposing a manufacturing process. The chosen idea was an anti-ageing facial cream since the kiwifruit leaves and branches present interesting properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-pigmentation effects. In order to obtain this product, a manufacturing plan was designed, and an economic analysis was performed. The proposed circular economy business was found to be profitable and environmentally friendly. This work also includes further innovative steps of the facial cream, such as pigmentation.
{"title":"Valorisation of Kiwifruit Residues and their Application in an Anti-ageing Facial Cream","authors":"A. P. Teixeira, Bruna Coutinho, Joana Cancela, Laura Cullen, Margarida Brito","doi":"10.24840/2183-6493_008.005_0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_008.005_0008","url":null,"abstract":"Portugal has a significant production of kiwifruit, from which around 73.8 tons of leaves and branches are generated every year. The composition of these residues shows interesting properties that could be incorporated into a value-added product. In order to create a new product, the steps proposed by the Chemical Product Design procedure were followed: identifying the needs, brainstorming ideas, selecting the best idea, proposing a manufacturing process. The chosen idea was an anti-ageing facial cream since the kiwifruit leaves and branches present interesting properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-pigmentation effects. In order to obtain this product, a manufacturing plan was designed, and an economic analysis was performed. The proposed circular economy business was found to be profitable and environmentally friendly. This work also includes further innovative steps of the facial cream, such as pigmentation.","PeriodicalId":36339,"journal":{"name":"U.Porto Journal of Engineering","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87842186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.24840/2183-6493_008.005_0006
Eva Lora, F. Vieira, Inês Costa, Helena Teixeira, Matilde Albano, Y. Manrique
This project consists of developing a Eucalyptus-based product. The selected product is a sports performance T-shirt impregnated with eucalyptus essential oil. A Chemical Product Design approach was used to translate customer needs into the new product. This procedure is divided into four stages: Needs, Ideas, Selection and Manufacture. This product’s target audience is athletics and hiking enthusiasts. Its main purpose is to valorize Eucalyptus Globulus essential oil’s unique properties, providing fresh and decongestion sensations to the user. Finally, an economic analysis was performed to evaluate the product viability.
{"title":"Chemical Product Design of a Sports Performance T-shirt using Eucalyptus Globulus Essential Oil","authors":"Eva Lora, F. Vieira, Inês Costa, Helena Teixeira, Matilde Albano, Y. Manrique","doi":"10.24840/2183-6493_008.005_0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_008.005_0006","url":null,"abstract":"This project consists of developing a Eucalyptus-based product. The selected product is a sports performance T-shirt impregnated with eucalyptus essential oil. A Chemical Product Design approach was used to translate customer needs into the new product. This procedure is divided into four stages: Needs, Ideas, Selection and Manufacture. This product’s target audience is athletics and hiking enthusiasts. Its main purpose is to valorize Eucalyptus Globulus essential oil’s unique properties, providing fresh and decongestion sensations to the user. Finally, an economic analysis was performed to evaluate the product viability.","PeriodicalId":36339,"journal":{"name":"U.Porto Journal of Engineering","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82242697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.24840/2183-6493_008.005_0007
A. Querido, Igor Brandão, P. Marrocos, Renata Loyola, Y. Bastos, Y. Manrique
The main goal of this work was to design a new product containing an active ingredient of the Eucalyptus Globulus tree - its essential oil. This work was divided into four steps: analysis of the raw material, chemical product design (needs, ideas, and product selection), manufacture, and economic analysis. After investigating the potential of all the ideas, the product selected was a plaster in gel, named Eucatrigel, with triple action: it protects the wound, accelerates the healing (due to the essential oil addition), and waterproofs the region. In the manufacturing step, it was defined the mass percentage of the essential oil in the gel as 0.5 %. The formula of the gel was based on a patent (US8563604B2) owned by Bausch Health Companies. A business case was set for the economic evaluation of this product; in this case, considering an initial investment of 681 k€, the expected payback period is four years, and the internal rate of return is 35 %.
{"title":"Design Process and Economic Evaluation of an Innovative Healing Plaster in Gel made from Eucalyptus Globulus Essential Oil","authors":"A. Querido, Igor Brandão, P. Marrocos, Renata Loyola, Y. Bastos, Y. Manrique","doi":"10.24840/2183-6493_008.005_0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_008.005_0007","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of this work was to design a new product containing an active ingredient of the Eucalyptus Globulus tree - its essential oil. This work was divided into four steps: analysis of the raw material, chemical product design (needs, ideas, and product selection), manufacture, and economic analysis. After investigating the potential of all the ideas, the product selected was a plaster in gel, named Eucatrigel, with triple action: it protects the wound, accelerates the healing (due to the essential oil addition), and waterproofs the region. In the manufacturing step, it was defined the mass percentage of the essential oil in the gel as 0.5 %. The formula of the gel was based on a patent (US8563604B2) owned by Bausch Health Companies. A business case was set for the economic evaluation of this product; in this case, considering an initial investment of 681 k€, the expected payback period is four years, and the internal rate of return is 35 %.","PeriodicalId":36339,"journal":{"name":"U.Porto Journal of Engineering","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83756300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.24840/2183-6493_008.005_0011
Ana Catarina Rebelo, Diana Campinho, G. Amaral, Gonçalo Pereira, R. Matias, A. F. Freitas
Overexploitation of natural resources is one of the global environmental problems, so it is crucial to use waste to achieve a more sustainable world. This paper proposes the development process of a product using ingredients extracted from leaves and stems of lettuce waste. To identify and satisfy the customer needs, the Chemical Product Design procedure was followed by discussing the four stages: Needs, Ideas, Selection and Manufacture. The final product - LettPet Shampoo - consists of an Animal Shampoo that has two formats: bottles of 0.2 L and 5 L. The bioactive compounds extracted add properties to the shampoo, such as fur loss prevention, strengthening, and antioxidant properties. According to the economic analysis, 50 thousand bottles would be sold in the first year, and at the end of the 5th year, sales would be doubled. The company would obtain a positive cash flow until the 4th semester and settle the debt after three years.
{"title":"Product Development of an Animal Shampoo from Lettuce Waste","authors":"Ana Catarina Rebelo, Diana Campinho, G. Amaral, Gonçalo Pereira, R. Matias, A. F. Freitas","doi":"10.24840/2183-6493_008.005_0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_008.005_0011","url":null,"abstract":"Overexploitation of natural resources is one of the global environmental problems, so it is crucial to use waste to achieve a more sustainable world. This paper proposes the development process of a product using ingredients extracted from leaves and stems of lettuce waste. To identify and satisfy the customer needs, the Chemical Product Design procedure was followed by discussing the four stages: Needs, Ideas, Selection and Manufacture. The final product - LettPet Shampoo - consists of an Animal Shampoo that has two formats: bottles of 0.2 L and 5 L. The bioactive compounds extracted add properties to the shampoo, such as fur loss prevention, strengthening, and antioxidant properties. According to the economic analysis, 50 thousand bottles would be sold in the first year, and at the end of the 5th year, sales would be doubled. The company would obtain a positive cash flow until the 4th semester and settle the debt after three years.","PeriodicalId":36339,"journal":{"name":"U.Porto Journal of Engineering","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82329795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-08DOI: 10.24840/2183-6493_008.004_0005
Renata Martins Pacheco
Wildfires are a concern in many European countries, and they might occur more frequently given climate change. Carbon sequestration is an ecosystem service provided by forests that is affected by fires and is neglected in traditional markets. Recently, the European Union (EU) has created environmental policies that address climate change, wildfires, and biodiversity conservation through payment for ecosystem services schemes. This study aims to estimate the monetary carbon savings of avoiding wildfires in five Mediterranean countries using historical wildfire emissions data and the auction prices in the EU Carbon Market. Portugal is further studied since the country has a new ecosystem services payment policy. The results indicate that, by avoiding fires, the countries could have annual benefits in the order of millions of euros. For Portugal, the value of the policy incentive is inferior to the value of the carbon sequestration service provided by avoiding fires and could be reexamined.
{"title":"Carbon and Biodiversity Policies","authors":"Renata Martins Pacheco","doi":"10.24840/2183-6493_008.004_0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_008.004_0005","url":null,"abstract":"Wildfires are a concern in many European countries, and they might occur more frequently given climate change. Carbon sequestration is an ecosystem service provided by forests that is affected by fires and is neglected in traditional markets. Recently, the European Union (EU) has created environmental policies that address climate change, wildfires, and biodiversity conservation through payment for ecosystem services schemes. This study aims to estimate the monetary carbon savings of avoiding wildfires in five Mediterranean countries using historical wildfire emissions data and the auction prices in the EU Carbon Market. Portugal is further studied since the country has a new ecosystem services payment policy. The results indicate that, by avoiding fires, the countries could have annual benefits in the order of millions of euros. For Portugal, the value of the policy incentive is inferior to the value of the carbon sequestration service provided by avoiding fires and could be reexamined.","PeriodicalId":36339,"journal":{"name":"U.Porto Journal of Engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85304127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-08DOI: 10.24840/2183-6493_008.004_0003
Cláudia Machado, C. Botelho, S. Santos
The ability of a commercial tannin-based coagulant on the decolorization of a simulated textile effluent containing a reactive dye was studied in batch mode. For comparison, two conventional chemical coagulants (aluminum sulfate and Rifloc 6548-organic coagulant) were also tested. Preliminary assays suggested a higher performance of Tanfloc SG and Rifloc coagulants over the metal salt. Optimization assays conducted for Tanfloc SG, indicated a maximum color removal of 86.4%, recorded at a coagulant dosage of 240 mg/L and at pH 7. A decolorization efficiency of 42.4% was found for the optimized dosage of 144 mg/L at pH 9. At this condition, the treatment cost using Tanfloc was estimated as 0.21 EUR/m3, around twice the Rifloc when used at 96 mg/L, generating 81% of treatment efficiency. Rifloc outperformed Tanfloc, and its use also seemed to be more economical but may have negative impacts on the environment. However, Tanfloc still showed promising results and presented a better performance in terms of sedimentation velocity and floc size.
{"title":"Decolorization of a Simulated Reactive Textile Dyeing Effluent using a Plant-derived Coagulant","authors":"Cláudia Machado, C. Botelho, S. Santos","doi":"10.24840/2183-6493_008.004_0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_008.004_0003","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of a commercial tannin-based coagulant on the decolorization of a simulated textile effluent containing a reactive dye was studied in batch mode. For comparison, two conventional chemical coagulants (aluminum sulfate and Rifloc 6548-organic coagulant) were also tested. Preliminary assays suggested a higher performance of Tanfloc SG and Rifloc coagulants over the metal salt. Optimization assays conducted for Tanfloc SG, indicated a maximum color removal of 86.4%, recorded at a coagulant dosage of 240 mg/L and at pH 7. A decolorization efficiency of 42.4% was found for the optimized dosage of 144 mg/L at pH 9. At this condition, the treatment cost using Tanfloc was estimated as 0.21 EUR/m3, around twice the Rifloc when used at 96 mg/L, generating 81% of treatment efficiency. Rifloc outperformed Tanfloc, and its use also seemed to be more economical but may have negative impacts on the environment. However, Tanfloc still showed promising results and presented a better performance in terms of sedimentation velocity and floc size.","PeriodicalId":36339,"journal":{"name":"U.Porto Journal of Engineering","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87301059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-08DOI: 10.24840/2183-6493_008.004_0006
Gustavo Henrique Bruno Polli, Ana Margarida Vaz Duarte Oliveira e Sá, Barbara Pavani Biju
Sustainability certification systems are parameters used to measure the extent to which the building meets the necessary sustainable requirements. Currently, there are several types of sustainability certificates, in addition to regulatory standards. Therefore, this work sought to analyze the most influential sustainability certificate systems in the market, using the qualitative analysis of content created by Bardin and based on ISO 21929-1, with fourteen aspects, as a parameter for comparison, the focus of the study was adapted to this method to have a better understanding of the behavior of these systems. Some conditions were imposed to narrow down the number of certification systems, four systems were selected to be analyzed. After the qualitative analysis, it was possible to identify that DGNB (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nachhaltiges Bauen) is the only one that addressed all the fourteen aspects brought by ISO 21929-1, HQE (Haute Qualité Environnementale) and LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) addressed fewer aspects, HQE highly addresses them. However, LEED has a more detailed and clear approach to the aspect related to the Internal conditions and air quality. Lastly, BREEAM addresses thirteen of the fourteen aspects of ISO 21929-1, and most of its content addressed is from the environmental area.
可持续性认证系统是用来衡量建筑物满足必要的可持续性要求的程度的参数。目前，除了监管标准之外，还有几种类型的可持续性证书。因此，这项工作试图分析市场上最具影响力的可持续发展证书体系，使用Bardin创建的内容的定性分析，并基于ISO 21929-1，有14个方面，作为比较参数，研究的重点是适应这种方法，以更好地了解这些系统的行为。为了缩小认证体系的数量，提出了一些条件，并选择了四个认证体系进行分析。在定性分析之后，可以确定DGNB (Deutsche Gesellschaft f r Nachhaltiges Bauen)是唯一一个解决ISO 21929-1带来的所有14个方面的机构，HQE(高级质量环境)和LEED(能源与环境设计领导力)解决的方面较少，HQE高度解决它们。然而，LEED在内部条件和空气质量方面有更详细和清晰的方法。最后，BREEAM解决了ISO 21929-1 14个方面中的13个方面，其大部分内容都来自环境领域。
{"title":"Qualitative Analysis of Sustainability Certification Systems Based on ISO 21929-1","authors":"Gustavo Henrique Bruno Polli, Ana Margarida Vaz Duarte Oliveira e Sá, Barbara Pavani Biju","doi":"10.24840/2183-6493_008.004_0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_008.004_0006","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainability certification systems are parameters used to measure the extent to which the building meets the necessary sustainable requirements. Currently, there are several types of sustainability certificates, in addition to regulatory standards. Therefore, this work sought to analyze the most influential sustainability certificate systems in the market, using the qualitative analysis of content created by Bardin and based on ISO 21929-1, with fourteen aspects, as a parameter for comparison, the focus of the study was adapted to this method to have a better understanding of the behavior of these systems. Some conditions were imposed to narrow down the number of certification systems, four systems were selected to be analyzed. After the qualitative analysis, it was possible to identify that DGNB (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nachhaltiges Bauen) is the only one that addressed all the fourteen aspects brought by ISO 21929-1, HQE (Haute Qualité Environnementale) and LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) addressed fewer aspects, HQE highly addresses them. However, LEED has a more detailed and clear approach to the aspect related to the Internal conditions and air quality. Lastly, BREEAM addresses thirteen of the fourteen aspects of ISO 21929-1, and most of its content addressed is from the environmental area.","PeriodicalId":36339,"journal":{"name":"U.Porto Journal of Engineering","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76296193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-08DOI: 10.24840/2183-6493_008.004_0004
Cátia Peixoto, K. Slezakova, M. C. Pereira, Simone Morais
To stay healthy, people frequent sports facilities. This work aimed to evaluate air pollution and comfort parameters in a fitness club in the post lockdown period (due to the COVID-19 pandemic), focusing on particulate material (PM10, PM2.5) and gaseous pollutants (total volatile organic compounds -TVOCs, carbon dioxide - CO2, and carbon monoxide – CO). Sampling was carried out for 10 consecutive days in October 2020 in one fitness center (Oporto, Portugal). The results showed that indoor PM10 ranged from 1.4 to 122.5 µg/m3 and PM2.5 was between 0.8 and 25 µg/m3; the overall levels were in accordance with the current legislation. TVOC means were 0.39 mg/m3 when not occupied and 0.43 mg/m3 when exercising subjects were present, thus also fulfilling the limit 0.6 mg/m3). Average CO2 was 1400 mg/m3 with temporal maxima (2660-2894 mg/m3) exceeding the protection threshold. Finally, temperature and relative humidity exceeded the recommended comfort levels, especially during group activity classes.
{"title":"Air Quality in Fitness Centers","authors":"Cátia Peixoto, K. Slezakova, M. C. Pereira, Simone Morais","doi":"10.24840/2183-6493_008.004_0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_008.004_0004","url":null,"abstract":"To stay healthy, people frequent sports facilities. This work aimed to evaluate air pollution and comfort parameters in a fitness club in the post lockdown period (due to the COVID-19 pandemic), focusing on particulate material (PM10, PM2.5) and gaseous pollutants (total volatile organic compounds -TVOCs, carbon dioxide - CO2, and carbon monoxide – CO). Sampling was carried out for 10 consecutive days in October 2020 in one fitness center (Oporto, Portugal). The results showed that indoor PM10 ranged from 1.4 to 122.5 µg/m3 and PM2.5 was between 0.8 and 25 µg/m3; the overall levels were in accordance with the current legislation. TVOC means were 0.39 mg/m3 when not occupied and 0.43 mg/m3 when exercising subjects were present, thus also fulfilling the limit 0.6 mg/m3). Average CO2 was 1400 mg/m3 with temporal maxima (2660-2894 mg/m3) exceeding the protection threshold. Finally, temperature and relative humidity exceeded the recommended comfort levels, especially during group activity classes.","PeriodicalId":36339,"journal":{"name":"U.Porto Journal of Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88831784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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