Background: Hepatitis B infection is a serious health problem and two billion people worldwide are infected with the virus. The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a satellite virus. Hepatitis D virus infection in HBsAg carriers can be present as a simultaneous and acute infection. Objectives: The aim of this study was toevaluate the frequency of HDVin patients with chronichepatitis B and itsassociation with risk factors. Methods: Inthisdescriptivestudy,74patientswithchronicHBVinfectionwereselectedfrompatientsthathadreferredtotheClin-icalLabof BloodTransfusionOrganization. AllpatientswerepositiveforHBsAgformorethansixmonthsandanti-HBc. Allsamples werenegativeforHIVandHCV.Ananti-HDVtestwasperformedonHBsAg-positivespecimensbytheenzymelinkedimmunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Also, HBV-real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was done to determine the viral load. Results: In this study, 74 HBsAg positive patients with a mean age of 50.22 ± 15.09 years were studied. Five (6.8%) patients had anti-HDV antibodies. Furthermore, 60% of the patients with HDV had risk factors, such as addiction, family history of hepatitis B, and a history of surgery. Maximal viral load in plasma samples of patients with anti-HDV antibodies, 531 IU/mL, was determined. Conclusions: For prevention of HDV transmission, all patients of chronic hepatitis B with low-level viral load should be evaluated for hepatitis D infection. Also, for determining the relationship between HDV infections with its risk factors, another study with a larger sample size should be performed.
{"title":"The Prevalence of Hepatitis Delta Virus in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B and Its Association with Risk Factors","authors":"F. Bineshian, Z. Sharifi","doi":"10.5812/MEJRH.84112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/MEJRH.84112","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis B infection is a serious health problem and two billion people worldwide are infected with the virus. The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a satellite virus. Hepatitis D virus infection in HBsAg carriers can be present as a simultaneous and acute infection. Objectives: The aim of this study was toevaluate the frequency of HDVin patients with chronichepatitis B and itsassociation with risk factors. Methods: Inthisdescriptivestudy,74patientswithchronicHBVinfectionwereselectedfrompatientsthathadreferredtotheClin-icalLabof BloodTransfusionOrganization. AllpatientswerepositiveforHBsAgformorethansixmonthsandanti-HBc. Allsamples werenegativeforHIVandHCV.Ananti-HDVtestwasperformedonHBsAg-positivespecimensbytheenzymelinkedimmunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Also, HBV-real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was done to determine the viral load. Results: In this study, 74 HBsAg positive patients with a mean age of 50.22 ± 15.09 years were studied. Five (6.8%) patients had anti-HDV antibodies. Furthermore, 60% of the patients with HDV had risk factors, such as addiction, family history of hepatitis B, and a history of surgery. Maximal viral load in plasma samples of patients with anti-HDV antibodies, 531 IU/mL, was determined. Conclusions: For prevention of HDV transmission, all patients of chronic hepatitis B with low-level viral load should be evaluated for hepatitis D infection. Also, for determining the relationship between HDV infections with its risk factors, another study with a larger sample size should be performed.","PeriodicalId":36354,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45549611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Rufa’i, I. Saidu, Muhammad Dahiru Lawan, A. Oyeyemi, S. Aliyu, A. Lawan, Abdurrahman Mohammed Jajere, Adetoyeje Y. Oyeyemi
Background: Patient satisfaction is one of the indicators of the quality of care received by patients, which can be used as a benchmark to ensure quality of physiotherapy services. However, there is a dearth of data in Nigeria. Objectives: The current study aimed at examining the level of patients’ satisfaction with the physiotherapy services in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Methods: The current cross sectional study was conducted on a total of 300 participants (158 males and 142 females) randomly recruited from the physiotherapy outpatient unit of three hospitals. The physical therapy satisfaction questionnaire was administered to assess the participants’ level of satisfaction with the rendered physiotherapy services. Results: The overall patient satisfaction score was 82.95 ± 14.71. Privacy was the highest satisfactory subscale reported by the participants (83.50 ± 11.21), while facility locations/proximity (68.51 ± 13.20) and bills/cost (70.24 ± 19.40) were the least satisfactory subscales among the others. The result shows that female and old adult participants were significantly more satisfied with the received physiotherapy services compared with the male and young adult participants (P = 0.03 and 0.001, respectively). However, participants did not differ significantly in the level of satisfaction with provided physiotherapy services in terms of their conditions/ailments (P = 0.056). Conclusions: Overall, patient satisfaction with physiotherapy services in the current study was high. Females, older adults, as well as employed participants were more satisfied. Also, higher satisfaction was observed among participants with primary school education and the ones receiving multiple treatment modalities.
{"title":"Outpatients’ Satisfaction with the Provision of Physiotherapy Services","authors":"A. Rufa’i, I. Saidu, Muhammad Dahiru Lawan, A. Oyeyemi, S. Aliyu, A. Lawan, Abdurrahman Mohammed Jajere, Adetoyeje Y. Oyeyemi","doi":"10.5812/MEJRH.69431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/MEJRH.69431","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Patient satisfaction is one of the indicators of the quality of care received by patients, which can be used as a benchmark to ensure quality of physiotherapy services. However, there is a dearth of data in Nigeria. Objectives: The current study aimed at examining the level of patients’ satisfaction with the physiotherapy services in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Methods: The current cross sectional study was conducted on a total of 300 participants (158 males and 142 females) randomly recruited from the physiotherapy outpatient unit of three hospitals. The physical therapy satisfaction questionnaire was administered to assess the participants’ level of satisfaction with the rendered physiotherapy services. Results: The overall patient satisfaction score was 82.95 ± 14.71. Privacy was the highest satisfactory subscale reported by the participants (83.50 ± 11.21), while facility locations/proximity (68.51 ± 13.20) and bills/cost (70.24 ± 19.40) were the least satisfactory subscales among the others. The result shows that female and old adult participants were significantly more satisfied with the received physiotherapy services compared with the male and young adult participants (P = 0.03 and 0.001, respectively). However, participants did not differ significantly in the level of satisfaction with provided physiotherapy services in terms of their conditions/ailments (P = 0.056). Conclusions: Overall, patient satisfaction with physiotherapy services in the current study was high. Females, older adults, as well as employed participants were more satisfied. Also, higher satisfaction was observed among participants with primary school education and the ones receiving multiple treatment modalities.","PeriodicalId":36354,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46742246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammadreza Rezaeipour, Vladimir Ivanovich Nychyporuk
Background: The risk of falling increases with age, and the outcome might sometimes be severe injury or even death. Objectives: This study was designed to determine whether a 12-week neuromuscular and proprioceptive training (NPT) plan was impressive on postural stability of active middle-aged men. Methods: The study had a quasi-experimental design with a control group. In 2016, 50 middle-aged males of the Ukrainian Sports Medicine Center (Kiev) were randomly divided to experimental (performed the NPT program, rather than general warm-up routines) and control groups (maintained the general warm-up routines). The mean center of pressure (CoP) fluctuations of postural stabilitywasassessedduringeyesopen(EO)andclosed(EC)usingaforceplatforminthetwodirections,beforeandafterthe12-week study. Results: TheinterventionleadstoasignificantimprovementinthemeanCoPvelocityinbothplanes(P< 0.05)intheexperimental group compared to the control. All CoP parameters used in this study showed very large correlations. Conclusions: The NPT program had a positive effect on postural stability. This may have a direct impact on reducing lower limb injury in middle-aged men.
{"title":"“Study of Neuromuscular and Proprioceptive Training Program on Postural Stability in Active Middle-Aged Men”","authors":"Mohammadreza Rezaeipour, Vladimir Ivanovich Nychyporuk","doi":"10.5812/MEJRH.84958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/MEJRH.84958","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The risk of falling increases with age, and the outcome might sometimes be severe injury or even death. Objectives: This study was designed to determine whether a 12-week neuromuscular and proprioceptive training (NPT) plan was impressive on postural stability of active middle-aged men. Methods: The study had a quasi-experimental design with a control group. In 2016, 50 middle-aged males of the Ukrainian Sports Medicine Center (Kiev) were randomly divided to experimental (performed the NPT program, rather than general warm-up routines) and control groups (maintained the general warm-up routines). The mean center of pressure (CoP) fluctuations of postural stabilitywasassessedduringeyesopen(EO)andclosed(EC)usingaforceplatforminthetwodirections,beforeandafterthe12-week study. Results: TheinterventionleadstoasignificantimprovementinthemeanCoPvelocityinbothplanes(P< 0.05)intheexperimental group compared to the control. All CoP parameters used in this study showed very large correlations. Conclusions: The NPT program had a positive effect on postural stability. This may have a direct impact on reducing lower limb injury in middle-aged men.","PeriodicalId":36354,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43839860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Treatment success rate and loss to follow-up (LTFU) in patient with tuberculosis (TB) are a great concern in Ethiopia. However, available information is inadequate to assess the magnitude of LTFU and its predictors in geographically remote regions of Ethiopia. Objectives: The current study aimed at assessing the survival status and predictors of LTFU among adult patients with tuberculosis registered in TB treatment and care center in public health institutions of Sheka Zone, South-West Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based, retrospective cohort study was conducted from 01 to 30 August 2016. The LTFU was defined as patient with tuberculosis under follow-up being lost before treatment initiation or treatment interruption for two or more successive months. Kaplan-Meir curve and Cox proportional hazard model were fitted to determine survival time and predictors with survival status, respectively. Results: A total of 1319 patients with tuberculosis were followed up for a total of 7056.87 months from treatment initiation to outcomes. Of these, 117 (8.9%) patients were lost. The survival status at the completion of the intensive and continuation phases was 93.7% and 90%, respectively. Living farther than 10 Km away from the nearest health facility (adjusted odds ratio (AHR) = 4.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.02 - 12.50) and not being adhered to anti-retroviral therapy (AHR = 5.3, 95%CI: 1.63 - 8.12) were significantly associated with LTFU. Conclusions: Significant TB patient LTFU was observed during the first two months of treatment and care. LTFU was high in patients not adhered to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and living far.
{"title":"Survival Status and Predictors of Loss to Follow-up Among Adult Patients with Tuberculosis on Follow-up and Care in Public Health Facilities of Sheka Zone, South-West Ethiopia: Facility-Based, Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"T. Shaweno, Masrie Getnet, Chaltu Fikru","doi":"10.5812/MEJRH.84068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/MEJRH.84068","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Treatment success rate and loss to follow-up (LTFU) in patient with tuberculosis (TB) are a great concern in Ethiopia. However, available information is inadequate to assess the magnitude of LTFU and its predictors in geographically remote regions of Ethiopia. Objectives: The current study aimed at assessing the survival status and predictors of LTFU among adult patients with tuberculosis registered in TB treatment and care center in public health institutions of Sheka Zone, South-West Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based, retrospective cohort study was conducted from 01 to 30 August 2016. The LTFU was defined as patient with tuberculosis under follow-up being lost before treatment initiation or treatment interruption for two or more successive months. Kaplan-Meir curve and Cox proportional hazard model were fitted to determine survival time and predictors with survival status, respectively. Results: A total of 1319 patients with tuberculosis were followed up for a total of 7056.87 months from treatment initiation to outcomes. Of these, 117 (8.9%) patients were lost. The survival status at the completion of the intensive and continuation phases was 93.7% and 90%, respectively. Living farther than 10 Km away from the nearest health facility (adjusted odds ratio (AHR) = 4.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.02 - 12.50) and not being adhered to anti-retroviral therapy (AHR = 5.3, 95%CI: 1.63 - 8.12) were significantly associated with LTFU. Conclusions: Significant TB patient LTFU was observed during the first two months of treatment and care. LTFU was high in patients not adhered to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and living far.","PeriodicalId":36354,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48805382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Neck pain is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal conditions. Manual mobilization plus exercise are recom-mendedfortreatingpeoplewithacuteneckpainwithmovementcoordinationimpairments. Therefore,itisimportanttoconsider asafeandeffectivecoordinationexerciseforthecervicalmuscles. Usinganoscillatingdevicebyholdingitinthemouthmightbea type of coordination exercise for the cervical muscles. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the activities of the cervical muscles while using an oscillating blade held in the mouth with different swings. Methods: Ten healthy male university students participated in this study (20.8 ± 0.9 years). The activities of the sternocleidomastoid and cervical extensor muscles were measured using electromyography while using an oscillating blade held in the mouth in horizontal orientation (up-down oscillation). Participants were asked to oscillate the device in one of the following swings: Cervical flexion-extension and knee flexion-extension. Both exercises were performed in a standing position. All EMG activities were normalized by EMG activities during maximum voluntary contractions of those muscles. Results: The activities of the sternocleidomastoid with knee flexion-extension (5.7 ± 4.8 %) present significantly lower muscle activities (P = 0.011) than those with cervical flexion-extension (12.2 ± 8.6%). The activities of the cervical extensor muscles with knee flexion-extension (10.7 ± 6.5%) present significantly lower muscle activities (P < 0.001) than those with cervical flexion-extension (17.5 ± 10.3%). Conclusions: Theresultsofthisstudyindicatedthattheexercisewithkneeflexion-extensionhadlowerloadforthecervicalmuscles than that with cervical flexionextension. The findings of this study could be basic information for grading intensity of cervical coordination exercise using an oscillating blade held in the mouth. using
{"title":"Electromyographic Activities of Cervical Muscles While Using an Oscillating Blade Held in the Mouth: Influence of Different Swings","authors":"H. Ishida, T. Suehiro, Susumu Watanabe","doi":"10.5812/MEJRH.85546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/MEJRH.85546","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neck pain is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal conditions. Manual mobilization plus exercise are recom-mendedfortreatingpeoplewithacuteneckpainwithmovementcoordinationimpairments. Therefore,itisimportanttoconsider asafeandeffectivecoordinationexerciseforthecervicalmuscles. Usinganoscillatingdevicebyholdingitinthemouthmightbea type of coordination exercise for the cervical muscles. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the activities of the cervical muscles while using an oscillating blade held in the mouth with different swings. Methods: Ten healthy male university students participated in this study (20.8 ± 0.9 years). The activities of the sternocleidomastoid and cervical extensor muscles were measured using electromyography while using an oscillating blade held in the mouth in horizontal orientation (up-down oscillation). Participants were asked to oscillate the device in one of the following swings: Cervical flexion-extension and knee flexion-extension. Both exercises were performed in a standing position. All EMG activities were normalized by EMG activities during maximum voluntary contractions of those muscles. Results: The activities of the sternocleidomastoid with knee flexion-extension (5.7 ± 4.8 %) present significantly lower muscle activities (P = 0.011) than those with cervical flexion-extension (12.2 ± 8.6%). The activities of the cervical extensor muscles with knee flexion-extension (10.7 ± 6.5%) present significantly lower muscle activities (P < 0.001) than those with cervical flexion-extension (17.5 ± 10.3%). Conclusions: Theresultsofthisstudyindicatedthattheexercisewithkneeflexion-extensionhadlowerloadforthecervicalmuscles than that with cervical flexionextension. The findings of this study could be basic information for grading intensity of cervical coordination exercise using an oscillating blade held in the mouth. using","PeriodicalId":36354,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41435739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-27DOI: 10.15406/JOENTR.2018.10.00388
Abbas A Pourmomeny
Context: Synkinesisreferstoaninvoluntarymovementaccompanyingavoluntaryonethatisaconsequenceof facialparalysis. The cosmetic procedure is used for the management of synkinesis that results in facial symmetry. Botulinum A toxin (BTX-A) has been used for more than two decades for resolving asymmetry and synkinesis. However, the endpoints remain to be further explained. The purpose of this study was to analyze research trends in facial synkinesis and asymmetry after facial nerve palsy (FNP). Evidence Acquisition: The databases Medline, PubMed, ScienceDirect, CINHAL, Scopus, and ProQuest were searched for articles published between 1970 and 2017 using the keywords, ‘facial paralysis’, ‘Bell’s palsy’, ‘synkinesis’, and ‘Botulinum A toxin’. Results: Intotal,13eligiblearticles,cumulativelyexamining332patients,enteredtheanalysis. Theyweredividedintothreegroups as follows. Eight articles in group I were taken as case series with 181 patients. Two articles in group II compared BTX-A and neuromuscular rehabilitation with 61 patients. Both these groups concluded that BTX-A injection could help reduce synkinesis. In group III, only were three randomized clinical trials retrieved with 90 patients that reported disparate findings. Conclusions: BTX-A injection cannot yet be proposed as a solution for synkinesis reduction to achieve symmetry and overcome this complication of facial nerve palsy because of the small number of randomized clinical trials available on the subject. Further studies are recommended to be able to make a firm conclusion.
{"title":"Effect of Botulinum Toxin A (BTX-A) Injection into Denervated Muscles on Synkinesis and Symmetry in Patients with Facial Nerve Paralysis","authors":"Abbas A Pourmomeny","doi":"10.15406/JOENTR.2018.10.00388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/JOENTR.2018.10.00388","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Synkinesisreferstoaninvoluntarymovementaccompanyingavoluntaryonethatisaconsequenceof facialparalysis. The cosmetic procedure is used for the management of synkinesis that results in facial symmetry. Botulinum A toxin (BTX-A) has been used for more than two decades for resolving asymmetry and synkinesis. However, the endpoints remain to be further explained. The purpose of this study was to analyze research trends in facial synkinesis and asymmetry after facial nerve palsy (FNP). Evidence Acquisition: The databases Medline, PubMed, ScienceDirect, CINHAL, Scopus, and ProQuest were searched for articles published between 1970 and 2017 using the keywords, ‘facial paralysis’, ‘Bell’s palsy’, ‘synkinesis’, and ‘Botulinum A toxin’. Results: Intotal,13eligiblearticles,cumulativelyexamining332patients,enteredtheanalysis. Theyweredividedintothreegroups as follows. Eight articles in group I were taken as case series with 181 patients. Two articles in group II compared BTX-A and neuromuscular rehabilitation with 61 patients. Both these groups concluded that BTX-A injection could help reduce synkinesis. In group III, only were three randomized clinical trials retrieved with 90 patients that reported disparate findings. Conclusions: BTX-A injection cannot yet be proposed as a solution for synkinesis reduction to achieve symmetry and overcome this complication of facial nerve palsy because of the small number of randomized clinical trials available on the subject. Further studies are recommended to be able to make a firm conclusion.","PeriodicalId":36354,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47107507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Abolli, A. Abdolshahi, M. Mohseni, Safiye Ghobakhloo
{"title":"Environmental Health and Safety Status in the Primary Schools of Garmsar City, Iran","authors":"S. Abolli, A. Abdolshahi, M. Mohseni, Safiye Ghobakhloo","doi":"10.5812/MEJRH.69426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/MEJRH.69426","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36354,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47289518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The organophosphorus pesticides are still applied in some developing countries including most regions of Iran. It is important to make sure that the level of pesticide residues at the time of harvesting vegetable crops (e.g. tomato and cucumber) is assessed in order to control that their levels are within the permissible limit in the domestic as well as overseas markets; and most importantly the governments should ban the application of such compounds. Regarding the increasing consumption of pesticides in agriculture, the current study aimed at determining the amount of pesticide residues in crops such as tomatoe and cucumber to ensure that Codex maximum residue limit (MRL) alimentarius is not violated. Methods: A simple multiresidue method, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and solid phase extraction, was employed to detect the pesticides with a sufficient extraction method. Results: The lowest level of pesticide residues were concerning carbaryl, fenpropat, and endosulfan in cucumber samples selected from greenhouses and fields with 11.1%, while the highest level was concerning diazinon in cucumber samples of the fields with 55.5%. Carbaryl and permethrin showed the high residue means of 0.37 and 0.72 µg/g in tomato and cucumber samples, respectively. Conclusions: Vegetables and fruits with a high level of pesticide residues, which particularly violated the MRL, are sold in markets of Tehran, Iran. Therefore, it is suggested that the application of pesticides on fields and greenhouses be controlled and their residue levels be measured using the multiresidue method before distribution. The current study findings showed that the multi-residue method with GC/MS could detect a large number of pesticide residues at the same time with high accuracy. Therefore, it is recommended that this method be employed for all vegetables and fruits in order to assess their pesticide residue levels before reaching the markets.
{"title":"Pesticide Multiresidue Analysis in Tomato and Cucumber Samples Collected from Fruit and Vegetable Markets in Tehran, Iran","authors":"Hadi Amrollahi, R. Pazoki, S. Imani","doi":"10.5812/MEJRH.64271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/MEJRH.64271","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The organophosphorus pesticides are still applied in some developing countries including most regions of Iran. It is important to make sure that the level of pesticide residues at the time of harvesting vegetable crops (e.g. tomato and cucumber) is assessed in order to control that their levels are within the permissible limit in the domestic as well as overseas markets; and most importantly the governments should ban the application of such compounds. Regarding the increasing consumption of pesticides in agriculture, the current study aimed at determining the amount of pesticide residues in crops such as tomatoe and cucumber to ensure that Codex maximum residue limit (MRL) alimentarius is not violated. Methods: A simple multiresidue method, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and solid phase extraction, was employed to detect the pesticides with a sufficient extraction method. Results: The lowest level of pesticide residues were concerning carbaryl, fenpropat, and endosulfan in cucumber samples selected from greenhouses and fields with 11.1%, while the highest level was concerning diazinon in cucumber samples of the fields with 55.5%. Carbaryl and permethrin showed the high residue means of 0.37 and 0.72 µg/g in tomato and cucumber samples, respectively. Conclusions: Vegetables and fruits with a high level of pesticide residues, which particularly violated the MRL, are sold in markets of Tehran, Iran. Therefore, it is suggested that the application of pesticides on fields and greenhouses be controlled and their residue levels be measured using the multiresidue method before distribution. The current study findings showed that the multi-residue method with GC/MS could detect a large number of pesticide residues at the same time with high accuracy. Therefore, it is recommended that this method be employed for all vegetables and fruits in order to assess their pesticide residue levels before reaching the markets.","PeriodicalId":36354,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46544302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ziari, Vali Valizadeh, Javad Marzban, M. Mirshoja
{"title":"Determination of Spatial Resolution in Children Seven to Twelve Years Old by Box and Block Test and Nine Hole Peg Test","authors":"A. Ziari, Vali Valizadeh, Javad Marzban, M. Mirshoja","doi":"10.5812/MEJRH.64343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/MEJRH.64343","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36354,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49327772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of Maintenance Treatment Centers for Comprehensive Rehabilitation Services Clinics for Drug Abuse Based on Lifestyle Modification","authors":"Behzad Heydarpour, Mozhgan Saeidi, Saeid Komasi","doi":"10.5812/MEJRH.84552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/MEJRH.84552","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36354,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42378065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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