Pub Date : 1978-06-13DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1978.7072350
J. Kassakian
Kinestatic refers to those energy conversion systems employing kinetic as well as static components. A comparative analysis of presently available techniques for modeling such systems is presented. These techniques include the digital computer, the analog computer, the breadboard, and specialized hybrid computers producing a topologically invariant transformation of the system to be studied. The emphasis is on illuminating the strengths and weaknesses of each and identifying the contexts in which each is best employed.
{"title":"Simulation techniques for modeling static or kinestatic energy conversion systems","authors":"J. Kassakian","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1978.7072350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1978.7072350","url":null,"abstract":"Kinestatic refers to those energy conversion systems employing kinetic as well as static components. A comparative analysis of presently available techniques for modeling such systems is presented. These techniques include the digital computer, the analog computer, the breadboard, and specialized hybrid computers producing a topologically invariant transformation of the system to be studied. The emphasis is on illuminating the strengths and weaknesses of each and identifying the contexts in which each is best employed.","PeriodicalId":363671,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123831435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1978-06-13DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1978.7072360
J. Casteel, R. Hoft
Microprocessors eliminate the need to use PWM techniques which are easily implemented with hardware for inverter control. A search is thus made for an optimum technique regardless of complexity. Several techniques including a new one which minimizes distortion in an RL load are compared analytically and experimentally. A microprocessor-controlled inverter was built to implement these techniques. The new technique is suggested as a possible method of optimal adaptive inverter control.
{"title":"Optimum PWM waveforms of a microprocessor controlled inverter","authors":"J. Casteel, R. Hoft","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1978.7072360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1978.7072360","url":null,"abstract":"Microprocessors eliminate the need to use PWM techniques which are easily implemented with hardware for inverter control. A search is thus made for an optimum technique regardless of complexity. Several techniques including a new one which minimizes distortion in an RL load are compared analytically and experimentally. A microprocessor-controlled inverter was built to implement these techniques. The new technique is suggested as a possible method of optimal adaptive inverter control.","PeriodicalId":363671,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128878480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1978-06-13DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1978.7072340
A. Joshi, S. Dewan
A thyristor chopper capable of operation in two quadrants (positive or negative output voltage, positive output current) from a fixed voltage d.c. input, is described in this paper. An optimum control strategy for controlling the average output voltage of the chopper is given. A commutation circuit for the turn-off of thyristor switches has been described. The circuit uses the principle of current commutation which requires small commutation components. The commutation circuit has been analysed in detail using simple equivalent circuits. A design procedure based on this analysis has been given. The results of the analysis have been verified on an experimental lOkw chopper system.
{"title":"Current commutated two quadrant thyristor chopper","authors":"A. Joshi, S. Dewan","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1978.7072340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1978.7072340","url":null,"abstract":"A thyristor chopper capable of operation in two quadrants (positive or negative output voltage, positive output current) from a fixed voltage d.c. input, is described in this paper. An optimum control strategy for controlling the average output voltage of the chopper is given. A commutation circuit for the turn-off of thyristor switches has been described. The circuit uses the principle of current commutation which requires small commutation components. The commutation circuit has been analysed in detail using simple equivalent circuits. A design procedure based on this analysis has been given. The results of the analysis have been verified on an experimental lOkw chopper system.","PeriodicalId":363671,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132608438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1978-06-13DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1978.7072346
A. Capel, G. Ferrante, D. O'sullivan, A. Weinberg
A new generation of switching regulators inbedding an LC3 modulator (limit cycle conductance controller) is analysed and optimized from the point of view of dynamic performances. This is done by application of the current injected technique to the power stage model which is shown to behave like a first order system for low frequency perturbations. The optimization is carried out by specification of the desired closed loop modes of the system and calculation of the appropriate state variable feedback gains. The correctness of both the analytical model and optimisation procedure is verified by breadboard dynamic measurements.
{"title":"Application of the injected current model for the dynamic analysis of switching regulators with the new concept of LC3 modulator","authors":"A. Capel, G. Ferrante, D. O'sullivan, A. Weinberg","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1978.7072346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1978.7072346","url":null,"abstract":"A new generation of switching regulators inbedding an LC3 modulator (limit cycle conductance controller) is analysed and optimized from the point of view of dynamic performances. This is done by application of the current injected technique to the power stage model which is shown to behave like a first order system for low frequency perturbations. The optimization is carried out by specification of the desired closed loop modes of the system and calculation of the appropriate state variable feedback gains. The correctness of both the analytical model and optimisation procedure is verified by breadboard dynamic measurements.","PeriodicalId":363671,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126402406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1978-06-13DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1978.7072366
R. Severns
The design and performance of non-resonant switching regulators operating at frequencies above 300kHz are discussed. The circuit arrangements and performance characteristics for a 150W, 600kHz inverter, a 25W, 300kHz multi-output quasisquarewave converter, a 2W, 600kHz buck-boost converter, and a 200W, 300kHz boost converter are presented.
{"title":"High frequency switching regulator techniques","authors":"R. Severns","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1978.7072366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1978.7072366","url":null,"abstract":"The design and performance of non-resonant switching regulators operating at frequencies above 300kHz are discussed. The circuit arrangements and performance characteristics for a 150W, 600kHz inverter, a 25W, 300kHz multi-output quasisquarewave converter, a 2W, 600kHz buck-boost converter, and a 200W, 300kHz boost converter are presented.","PeriodicalId":363671,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128859357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1978-06-13DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1978.7072338
V. Rajagopalan, D. Veillette
A wind energy system, using a squirrel cage induction machine and a static power electronic conversion equipment, incorporating a novel and economical pulse frequency modulated three phase auxiliary impulse commutated inverter, is described. A complete description of the proposed power as well as control schemes is given, with special reference to its possible application in variable speed wind power conversion scheme. Experimental results obtained on ä laboratory breadboard of the power electronic conversion equipment for a 2 KVA,208 V, 60 Hz, 3 phase squirrel cage, inverter fed induction machine in self excited mode of operation with a 3 to 1 speed range, are reported.
{"title":"Contribution to the development of wind energy systems using static power electronic converters","authors":"V. Rajagopalan, D. Veillette","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1978.7072338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1978.7072338","url":null,"abstract":"A wind energy system, using a squirrel cage induction machine and a static power electronic conversion equipment, incorporating a novel and economical pulse frequency modulated three phase auxiliary impulse commutated inverter, is described. A complete description of the proposed power as well as control schemes is given, with special reference to its possible application in variable speed wind power conversion scheme. Experimental results obtained on ä laboratory breadboard of the power electronic conversion equipment for a 2 KVA,208 V, 60 Hz, 3 phase squirrel cage, inverter fed induction machine in self excited mode of operation with a 3 to 1 speed range, are reported.","PeriodicalId":363671,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121761743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1978-06-13DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1978.7072353
Samuel Leung, T. New
Recent theories on second breakdown are reviewed. A simple concept on avalanche injection is proposed. The condition of distributed series resistance on stability factor analysis is discussed. An ingenious Motorola patent to realize this condition with low cost precision is illustrated and results on Power Base(R) product design shown. Observations confirm the substantial SOA improvement using above design features on the same emitter geometry and chip size. Conventional hot spot was not noted.
{"title":"Improved SOA in low cost power transistor","authors":"Samuel Leung, T. New","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1978.7072353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1978.7072353","url":null,"abstract":"Recent theories on second breakdown are reviewed. A simple concept on avalanche injection is proposed. The condition of distributed series resistance on stability factor analysis is discussed. An ingenious Motorola patent to realize this condition with low cost precision is illustrated and results on Power Base(R) product design shown. Observations confirm the substantial SOA improvement using above design features on the same emitter geometry and chip size. Conventional hot spot was not noted.","PeriodicalId":363671,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference","volume":"3 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116825326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1978-06-13DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1978.7072329
M. Clique, A. Fossard
The use of a canonical state model for DC-DC converters keeping track of the physical variables allows naturally to use state feedback compensation (usually called "modern control theory"). The injection of the state variables in the compensator gives a schematic control structure which implicitely includes multiple loops. In the case of classical cells and neglecting the equivalent switching delay of the modulator, complete state feedback may be used ; it is then possible to determine completely the bandwith and damping of the controlled cell, adjusting correspondingly the gains of the state compensator. Generalisation of these techniques for more general cases can be achieved using specific algorithms. For steady state accuracy, it is interesting to add an integral term. It is proved that its destabilizing effect is negligible under certain conditions.
{"title":"Design of feedback laws for DC-DC converters using- modern control theory","authors":"M. Clique, A. Fossard","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1978.7072329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1978.7072329","url":null,"abstract":"The use of a canonical state model for DC-DC converters keeping track of the physical variables allows naturally to use state feedback compensation (usually called \"modern control theory\"). The injection of the state variables in the compensator gives a schematic control structure which implicitely includes multiple loops. In the case of classical cells and neglecting the equivalent switching delay of the modulator, complete state feedback may be used ; it is then possible to determine completely the bandwith and damping of the controlled cell, adjusting correspondingly the gains of the state compensator. Generalisation of these techniques for more general cases can be achieved using specific algorithms. For steady state accuracy, it is interesting to add an integral term. It is proved that its destabilizing effect is negligible under certain conditions.","PeriodicalId":363671,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115173883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1978-06-13DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1978.7072348
K. Harada, T. Ninomiya, M. Kohno
This paper presents the optimum design of an RC snubber to suppress the surge voltage across the transistor in a switching regulator with two-winding reactor. Analyzing the surge voltage across the transistor with an RC snubber by means of high-frequency equivalent circuits, we obtain the third-order characteristic equation. This third-order equation is analyzed by the aid of the root locus method. As a result, the region where the surge voltage can be suppressed is described in the R-C plane. The experimental confirmation of this analysis is shown. Considering the snubber loss, the optimum resistance and capacitance can be obtained. Further, the precise design procedure of RC snubbers is discussed by normalization and numerical calculation. This procedure is summarized in easy-to-use nomographs.
{"title":"Optimum design of an RC snubber for a switching regulator by means of the root locus method","authors":"K. Harada, T. Ninomiya, M. Kohno","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1978.7072348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1978.7072348","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the optimum design of an RC snubber to suppress the surge voltage across the transistor in a switching regulator with two-winding reactor. Analyzing the surge voltage across the transistor with an RC snubber by means of high-frequency equivalent circuits, we obtain the third-order characteristic equation. This third-order equation is analyzed by the aid of the root locus method. As a result, the region where the surge voltage can be suppressed is described in the R-C plane. The experimental confirmation of this analysis is shown. Considering the snubber loss, the optimum resistance and capacitance can be obtained. Further, the precise design procedure of RC snubbers is discussed by normalization and numerical calculation. This procedure is summarized in easy-to-use nomographs.","PeriodicalId":363671,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference","volume":"21 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120997150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1978-06-13DOI: 10.1109/PESC.1978.7072363
C. McCown, K. Ishikawa, G. E. Stronks
A power processor for a grid modulated traveling wave tube (TWT) is described. The unit has been delivered to Applied Physics Lab for use in Seasat-A Global Weather and Ocean Survey satellite. The power processor consists of two elements, a high voltage power supply and a grid modulator. The high voltage power supply develops 12 kilovolts DC at an average power of 90 watts and a peak power of 18 kilowatts while maintaining superior regulation and pulse response characteristics. The high voltage power supply also provides the auxiliary functions of logic control, protection, and telemetry. The floating grid modulator switches the grid potential over a voltage swing of 350 volts with transition times of less than 80 nanoseconds to gate the TWT RF energy on and off. The power processor features a solid encapsulated corona free construction in the high voltage assemblies. The unit is designed and extensively tested to be arc protected. The complexity of the design requirements resulted in the development of new circuits, components, and packaging concepts.
{"title":"Pulsed load power processor for a satellite altimeter","authors":"C. McCown, K. Ishikawa, G. E. Stronks","doi":"10.1109/PESC.1978.7072363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PESC.1978.7072363","url":null,"abstract":"A power processor for a grid modulated traveling wave tube (TWT) is described. The unit has been delivered to Applied Physics Lab for use in Seasat-A Global Weather and Ocean Survey satellite. The power processor consists of two elements, a high voltage power supply and a grid modulator. The high voltage power supply develops 12 kilovolts DC at an average power of 90 watts and a peak power of 18 kilowatts while maintaining superior regulation and pulse response characteristics. The high voltage power supply also provides the auxiliary functions of logic control, protection, and telemetry. The floating grid modulator switches the grid potential over a voltage swing of 350 volts with transition times of less than 80 nanoseconds to gate the TWT RF energy on and off. The power processor features a solid encapsulated corona free construction in the high voltage assemblies. The unit is designed and extensively tested to be arc protected. The complexity of the design requirements resulted in the development of new circuits, components, and packaging concepts.","PeriodicalId":363671,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1978-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114691399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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